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1968 United States presidential election in Virginia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:1968 United States presidential election
1968 United States presidential election in Virginia

← 1964November 5, 19681972 →
Turnout50.1% (voting age)[1]
 
NomineeRichard NixonHubert HumphreyGeorge Wallace
PartyRepublicanDemocraticAmerican Independent
Home stateNew York[a]MinnesotaAlabama
Running mateSpiro AgnewEdmund MuskieCurtis LeMay
Electoral vote1200
Popular vote590,319442,387320,272
Percentage43.41%32.53%23.55%

County and independent city results
Congressional district results
Precinct results

Nixon

  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%

Humphrey

  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%
  70–80%

Wallace

  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%


President before election

Lyndon B. Johnson
Democratic

Elected President

Richard Nixon
Republican

Elections in Virginia
U.S. President
Presidential primaries
U.S. Senate
U.S. House
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Senate
House of Delegates
State elections
Commonwealth's Attorney

The1968 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 5, 1968. All 50 states andthe District of Columbia were part of the1968 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose twelve electors to theElectoral College, which selected thepresident andvice president of the United States.

For over sixty years Virginia had had the most restricted electorate in the United States due toa cumulative poll tax and literacy tests.[2] Virginia would be almost entirely controlled by the conservative DemocraticByrd Organization for four decades,[3] although during the organization's last twenty years of controlling the state it would direct many Virginia voters away from the national Democratic Party due to opposition toblack civil rights and to the fiscal liberalism of theNew Deal.[4] Afterthe Twenty-Fourth Amendment andHarper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, the state's electorate would substantially expand, since the lower classes were no longer burdened by poll taxes. At the same time, the postwar Republican trend of theNortheast-alignedWashington D.C. andRichmond suburbs, which had begun as early as 1944, would accelerate[5] and become intensified by the mobilisation of working-class Piedmont whites against a national Democratic Party strongly associated with black interests.[6]

Campaign

[edit]

Among white voters, 51% supported Nixon, 28% supported Wallace, and 21% supported Humphrey.[7][8][9] The Virginia Conservative Party, a pro-segregationist political party in a 1967 party convention, unanimously named George Wallace as president andRonald Reagan as vice president. Neither Wallace nor Reagan wanted to be on their ticket. Wallace did not like the idea, as he thought it would take away votes from his party, and efforts were made to remove them. This was eventually successful, but the Conservative Party did support Wallace in the end.[10]

Predictions

[edit]

The following newspapers gave these predictions about how Virginia would vote in the 1968 presidential election:

SourceRankingAs of
Fort Worth Star-Telegram[11]TossupSeptember 14, 1968
Pensacola News Journal[12]Tilt R(flip)September 23, 1968
Daily Press[13]Lean R(flip)October 11, 1968
The Charlotte News[14]Likely R(flip)October 12, 1968
Shreveport Times[15]Lean R(flip)November 3, 1968
The Selma Times-Journal[16]Likely R(flip)November 3, 1968
The Roanoke Times[17]Likely R(flip)November 3, 1968
Fort Lauderdale News[18]Likely R(flip)November 4, 1968

Analysis

[edit]

Virginia was won byRepublican nominee and formerVice PresidentRichard Nixon ofCalifornia with 43.41 percent of the vote, against incumbentVice PresidentHubert Humphrey ofMinnesota with 32.53 percent and former AlabamaGovernorGeorge Wallace who gained 23.55 percent. Nixon also won the national election with 43.42 percent of the vote. Regardless, all candidates had strong regional support in the state; Nixon's votes came mostly fromNorthern Virginia and theAppalachian Mountain areas, while Humphrey's votes were mainly from theTidewater region and unionized coal counties inSouthwest Virginia,[19] which had both benefited from increased voter registration under theVoting Rights Act and been centres of opposition to the Byrd Organization in previous generations. Wallace received his core support in theSouthern Virginia counties,[20] where the core of Byrd machine power had been located.[21]

As of the2024 presidential election[update], this is the last occasion whenPowhatan County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. It is also the last occasion whenLunenburg County,Mecklenburg County andPittsylvania County havenot voted for the Republican nominee.[22]Essex County would not vote Democratic again until1996, andJames City County would not vote Democratic again until 2020.[23]

Nixon's victory was the first of ten consecutive Republican victories in the state, as Virginia would not vote for a Democratic candidate again untilBarack Obama in2008. Since 2008, Virginia has consistently voted for the Democratic presidential candidate.

Results

[edit]
1968 United States presidential election in Virginia[24]
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
RepublicanRichard Nixon590,31943.41%12
DemocraticHubert Humphrey442,38732.53%0
American IndependentGeorge Wallace320,27223.55%0
Socialist LaborHenning A. Blomen4,6710.34%0
Peace and FreedomDick Gregory1,6800.12%0
ProhibitionE. Harold Munn5990.04%0
Totals1,359,928100.00%12

Results by county or independent city

[edit]
County/City[25]Richard Nixon
Republican
Hubert Humphrey
Democratic
George Wallace
American Independent
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%#%
Accomack3,23135.19%2,46726.87%3,46037.69%230.25%-229[b]-2.50%9,181
Albemarle4,51253.45%2,25526.71%1,65719.63%170.20%2,25726.74%8,441
Alexandria13,26541.69%14,35145.11%4,13112.98%690.22%-1,086-3.42%31,816
Alleghany1,64943.47%98826.05%1,15330.40%30.08%496[b]13.07%3,793
Amelia85733.90%83032.83%83232.91%90.36%25[b]0.99%2,528
Amherst2,65639.80%1,54323.12%2,44936.69%260.39%207[b]3.11%6,674
Appomattox1,75343.42%75618.73%1,51237.45%160.40%241[b]5.97%4,037
Arlington28,16345.92%26,10742.57%6,74611.00%3100.51%2,0563.35%61,326
Augusta6,31357.92%2,02818.61%2,48322.78%760.70%3,830[b]35.14%10,900
Bath87245.97%49426.04%52927.89%20.11%343[b]18.08%1,897
Bedford2,80735.80%1,57420.08%3,31642.30%1431.82%-509[b]-6.50%7,840
Bedford City1,04743.99%56923.91%67928.53%853.57%368[b]15.46%2,380
Bland93850.38%56030.08%36119.39%30.16%37820.30%1,862
Botetourt2,59850.54%1,27224.75%1,26724.65%30.06%1,32625.79%5,140
Bristol1,93044.09%1,53134.98%91120.81%50.11%3999.11%4,377
Brunswick1,13922.13%1,91037.11%2,08840.57%100.19%-178[c]-3.46%5,147
Buchanan3,69937.68%5,00350.97%1,06710.87%470.48%-1,304-13.29%9,816
Buckingham1,02732.05%98430.71%1,18536.99%80.25%-158[b]-4.94%3,204
Buena Vista81449.04%38723.31%45627.47%30.18%358[b]21.57%1,660
Campbell5,73144.73%1,99615.58%4,42534.54%6595.14%1,306[b]10.19%12,811
Caroline1,16226.25%2,16548.92%1,08424.49%150.34%-1,003-22.67%4,426
Carroll4,90964.16%1,77323.17%95812.52%110.14%3,13640.99%7,651
Charles City32016.33%1,45774.34%1768.98%70.36%-1,137-58.01%1,960
Charlotte1,04224.43%1,04524.50%2,16350.72%150.35%-1,118[c]-26.22%4,265
Charlottesville5,60149.41%3,83133.80%1,78115.71%1221.08%1,77015.61%11,335
Chesapeake6,23425.18%6,84327.64%11,08444.77%5992.42%-4,241[c]-17.13%24,760
Chesterfield22,01556.03%5,71514.54%11,50429.28%580.15%10,511[b]26.75%39,292
Clarke1,12742.62%76829.05%74228.06%70.26%35913.57%2,644
Clifton Forge92543.59%73434.59%46221.77%10.05%1919.00%2,122
Colonial Heights2,65048.96%65012.01%2,10638.91%70.13%544[b]10.05%5,413
Covington1,55143.14%1,19533.24%84623.53%30.08%3569.90%3,595
Craig58146.18%41933.31%25620.35%20.16%16212.87%1,258
Culpeper2,22947.49%1,23926.40%1,21725.93%90.19%99021.09%4,694
Cumberland84434.70%97840.21%60224.75%80.33%-134-5.51%2,432
Danville6,79640.27%4,49526.64%5,39131.95%1921.14%1,405[b]8.32%16,874
Dickenson3,41246.01%3,35545.25%6398.62%90.12%570.76%7,415
Dinwiddie1,45127.60%1,55129.50%2,24542.70%100.19%-694[c]-13.20%5,257
Emporia81237.06%65729.99%71632.68%60.27%96[b]4.38%2,191
Essex79136.55%89741.45%46821.63%80.37%-106-4.90%2,164
Fairfax57,46248.98%44,79638.18%14,80512.62%2560.22%12,66610.80%117,319
Fairfax City2,96348.70%2,15335.39%95915.76%90.15%81013.31%6,084
Falls Church2,00545.76%1,86042.45%50411.50%130.30%1453.31%4,382
Fauquier2,84543.76%2,09932.29%1,53623.63%210.32%74611.47%6,501
Floyd2,27564.32%71520.21%53715.18%100.28%1,56044.11%3,537
Fluvanna91342.56%56926.53%66030.77%30.14%253[b]11.79%2,145
Franklin3,03636.54%2,02524.37%3,21938.75%280.34%-183[b]-2.21%8,308
Franklin City95142.15%79235.11%51122.65%20.09%1597.04%2,256
Frederick3,69649.58%1,61221.63%2,13728.67%90.12%1,559[b]20.91%7,454
Fredericksburg2,14242.27%2,03640.17%87817.32%120.24%1062.10%5,068
Galax1,25754.44%74832.39%30413.17%00.00%50922.05%2,309
Giles2,72243.36%2,04532.58%1,37221.86%1382.20%67710.78%6,277
Gloucester1,61937.10%1,21027.73%1,52634.97%90.21%93[b]2.13%4,364
Goochland1,21635.13%1,38940.13%83624.15%200.58%-173-5.00%3,461
Grayson3,56354.09%1,92629.24%1,09016.55%80.12%1,63724.85%6,587
Greene85655.26%25516.46%43327.95%50.32%423[b]27.31%1,549
Greensville52916.71%1,36743.19%1,25639.68%130.41%111[c]3.51%3,165
Halifax2,63428.94%2,19924.16%4,23546.53%340.37%-1,601[b]-17.59%9,102
Hampton10,53232.30%11,30834.68%10,69032.79%760.23%618[c]1.89%32,606
Hanover5,42550.01%2,07919.17%3,33030.70%130.12%2,095[b]19.31%10,847
Harrisonburg2,85965.69%1,03623.81%45310.41%40.09%1,82341.88%4,352
Henrico34,21262.52%8,60015.71%11,86821.69%460.08%22,344[b]40.83%54,726
Henry3,94625.92%4,17527.42%6,80244.68%3011.98%-2,627[c]-17.26%15,224
Highland61957.90%28426.57%16615.53%00.00%33531.33%1,069
Hopewell2,94243.63%1,56823.25%2,09231.02%1412.09%850[b]12.61%6,743
Isle of Wight1,31223.28%1,97735.08%2,32841.31%180.32%-351[c]-6.23%5,635
James City1,44335.50%1,52137.42%1,08326.64%180.44%-78-1.92%4,065
King and Queen56827.40%88242.55%61429.62%90.43%268[c]12.93%2,073
King George82937.77%73033.26%63228.79%40.18%994.51%2,195
King William1,04643.03%76431.43%61525.30%60.25%28211.60%2,431
Lancaster1,64044.93%1,13431.07%87624.00%00.00%50613.86%3,650
Lee4,45047.35%4,10543.67%8278.80%170.18%3453.68%9,399
Lexington1,17056.12%73435.20%1778.49%40.19%43620.92%2,085
Loudoun4,57745.91%3,26232.72%2,11721.23%140.14%1,31513.19%9,970
Louisa1,51038.09%1,29032.54%1,14928.99%150.38%2205.55%3,964
Lunenburg1,18129.44%1,18029.41%1,63040.63%210.52%-449[b]-11.19%4,012
Lynchburg9,94354.34%4,30523.53%3,64919.94%4022.20%5,63830.81%18,299
Madison1,18848.71%47819.60%76331.28%100.41%425[b]17.43%2,439
Martinsville2,61835.98%2,72737.48%1,85625.51%751.03%-109-1.50%7,276
Mathews1,30947.14%69124.88%77327.84%40.14%536[b]19.30%2,777
Mecklenburg2,75029.01%2,66728.14%4,02242.44%390.41%-1,272[b]-13.43%9,478
Middlesex80939.62%57528.16%65532.08%30.15%154[b]7.54%2,042
Montgomery7,09861.47%2,70023.38%1,71214.83%370.32%4,39838.09%11,547
Nansemond2,10120.94%4,17441.60%3,72337.11%350.35%451[c]4.49%10,033
Nelson1,13032.98%1,12032.69%1,16333.95%130.38%-33[b]-0.97%3,426
New Kent52627.63%76540.18%60931.99%40.21%156[c]8.19%1,904
Newport News12,77434.46%13,37036.07%10,76329.04%1620.44%-596-1.61%37,069
Norfolk22,30233.88%28,47743.26%14,50022.03%5500.84%-6,175-9.38%65,829
Northampton1,41035.48%1,41835.68%1,12928.41%170.43%-8-0.20%3,974
Northumberland1,43841.18%1,07730.84%96827.72%90.26%36110.34%3,492
Norton49539.07%55543.80%21516.97%20.16%-60-4.73%1,267
Nottoway1,61433.42%1,52931.66%1,67334.64%140.29%-59[b]-1.22%4,830
Orange1,72747.17%87924.01%1,05028.68%50.14%677[b]18.49%3,661
Page3,66753.93%2,12531.25%99514.63%130.19%1,54222.68%6,800
Patrick2,18741.46%1,10520.95%1,97437.42%90.17%213[b]4.04%5,275
Petersburg3,47831.14%5,51949.41%2,15819.32%140.13%-2,041-18.27%11,169
Pittsylvania5,09625.62%5,42727.29%9,30246.77%650.33%-3,875[c]-19.48%19,890
Portsmouth9,40225.15%15,73442.09%12,12732.44%1180.32%3,607[c]9.65%37,381
Powhatan72227.11%1,00437.70%92934.89%80.30%75[c]2.81%2,663
Prince Edward1,85739.80%1,56733.58%1,22426.23%180.39%2906.22%4,666
Prince George1,55932.75%1,27226.72%1,92040.33%100.21%-361[b]-7.58%4,761
Prince William7,94442.51%5,56629.79%5,16027.61%160.09%2,37812.72%18,686
Pulaski4,40953.35%2,49730.21%1,34616.29%130.16%1,91223.14%8,265
Radford2,07755.40%1,20632.17%46112.30%50.13%87123.23%3,749
Rappahannock59443.58%39428.91%37227.29%30.22%20014.67%1,363
Richmond1,01148.86%49023.68%56327.21%50.24%448[b]21.65%2,069
Richmond City26,38039.57%32,85749.28%7,32510.99%1060.16%-6,477-9.71%66,668
Roanoke12,43958.89%3,90218.47%4,74522.46%380.18%7,694[b]36.43%21,124
Roanoke City15,36851.21%9,28130.93%5,26917.56%900.30%6,08720.28%30,008
Rockbridge2,28056.80%84521.05%88522.05%40.10%1,395[b]34.75%4,014
Rockingham7,77966.40%2,11118.02%1,81715.51%80.07%5,66848.38%11,715
Russell3,85843.49%3,55440.06%1,36915.43%911.03%3043.43%8,872
Salem3,95557.77%1,36920.00%1,50722.01%150.22%2,448[b]35.76%6,846
Scott5,34553.54%3,14431.49%1,47414.76%210.21%2,20122.05%9,984
Shenandoah5,46162.91%1,65419.05%1,56117.98%50.06%3,80743.86%8,681
Smyth5,29754.32%2,63126.98%1,80818.54%150.15%2,66627.34%9,751
South Boston1,29850.17%62023.97%66225.59%70.27%636[b]24.58%2,587
Southampton1,37626.15%1,80334.26%2,07039.34%130.25%-267[c]-5.08%5,262
Spotsylvania1,67534.00%1,64733.43%1,58932.26%150.30%280.57%4,926
Stafford2,57239.68%1,69826.20%2,19733.89%150.23%375[b]5.79%6,482
Staunton4,43461.40%1,72923.94%1,05414.60%40.06%2,70537.46%7,221
Suffolk1,27737.95%1,04431.03%1,03930.88%50.15%2336.92%3,365
Surry52322.10%1,12647.59%70829.92%90.38%418[c]17.67%2,366
Sussex1,10529.12%1,54140.62%1,13529.92%130.34%406[c]10.70%3,794
Tazewell4,43439.11%4,73441.75%2,02317.84%1471.30%-300-2.64%11,338
Virginia Beach16,31643.23%10,10126.76%10,96229.04%3630.96%5,354[b]14.19%37,742
Warren2,29743.37%1,51328.57%1,47927.93%70.13%78414.80%5,296
Washington6,66551.16%3,24324.89%3,09223.73%290.22%3,42226.27%13,029
Waynesboro3,30161.38%1,44626.89%61311.40%180.33%1,85534.49%5,378
Westmoreland1,40239.99%1,15632.97%94326.90%50.14%2467.02%3,506
Williamsburg1,15646.73%99140.06%2479.98%803.23%1656.67%2,474
Winchester2,69555.76%1,36028.14%77015.93%80.17%1,33527.62%4,833
Wise5,00439.70%5,94247.14%1,63512.97%250.20%-938-7.44%12,606
Wythe3,63852.25%1,76525.35%1,37719.78%1832.63%1,87326.90%6,963
York3,35636.93%2,37026.08%3,33036.64%320.35%26[b]0.29%9,088
Totals590,31943.36%442,38732.49%321,83323.64%6,9520.51%147,93210.87%1,361,491

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to Republican

[edit]

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Republican to Democratic

[edit]

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to American Independent

[edit]

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Republican to American Independent

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Although he was born in California and he served as a U.S. Senator from California, in 1968 Richard Nixon's official state of residence was New York, because he moved there to practice law after his defeat in the 1962 California gubernatorial election. During his first term as president, Nixon re-established his residency in California. Consequently, most reliable reference books list Nixon's home state as New York in the 1968 election and his home state as California in the 1972 (and 1960) election.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqIn this county or city where Humphrey ran third behind Wallace, margin given is Nixon vote total minus Wallace vote total.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqIn this county or city where Nixon ran third behind Wallace, margin given is Humphrey vote minus Wallace vote.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Population Estimates and Projections"(PDF).
  2. ^Kousser, J. Morgan.The Shaping of Southern Politics Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910.Yale University Press. pp. 178–181.ISBN 0-300-01696-4.
  3. ^Key, Valdimer Orlando (1949).Southern Politics in State and Nation. pp. 20–25.
  4. ^Ely, James W.The crisis of conservative Virginia: the Byrd organization and the politics of massive resistance. p. 16.ISBN 0870491881.
  5. ^Atkinson, Frank B. (2006).The Dynamic Dominion: Realignment and the Rise of Two-party Competition in Virginia, 1945-1980.Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN 9780742552098.
  6. ^Phillips, Kevin P. (1969).The Emerging Republican Majority. pp. 260–266.ISBN 0870000586.
  7. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 147.
  8. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 295.
  9. ^Black & Black 1992, p. 335.
  10. ^Sweeney, James R. (1999). "1967-1968".The Virginia Conservative Party, 1965-1969.
  11. ^Broder, David S. (September 14, 1968). "As Campaign Heats Up, Electoral Vote Pattern Favors GOP".Fort Worth Star-Telegram.The Washington Post. p. 6-A.
  12. ^"Who's on Top? Humphrey? Nixon? Wallace? — Here's a Capsule Version of election Outlook Across Nation".Pensacola News Journal. September 23, 1968. p. 8B.
  13. ^Murray, David. "Wallace Might Take 6 Southern States".Daily Press.Newport News,Virginia. p. 51.
  14. ^"In South It's Nixon vs. Wallace".The Charlotte News.Charlotte,North Carolina. October 12, 1968. pp. 1, 3.
  15. ^Broder, David S. (November 3, 1968). "After Hoopla Finished, Nixon Still Winning, Survey Shows".Shreveport Times. p. 4-B.
  16. ^"Summary of 50 States on Coming Election".The Selma Times-Journal.Selma,Alabama. November 3, 1968. p. 5.
  17. ^Carico, Melville (November 3, 1968). "Election Fever Grips Virginia".The Roanoke Times.Roanoke,Virginia. p. 1.
  18. ^Lawrence, David (November 4, 1968). "As Editors' Forecast Returns: Nixon 37, Humphrey 7, Wallace 7".Fort Lauderdale News. p. 11A.
  19. ^Phillips;The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 207
  20. ^"1968 Presidential General Election Results – Virginia". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
  21. ^Ely.The crisis of conservative Virginia, pp. 12-13
  22. ^Sullivan, Robert David;‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’;America Magazine inThe National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  23. ^Menendez, Albert J. (2005).The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004.Jefferson,North Carolina:McFarland & Company. pp. 326–331.ISBN 0786422173.
  24. ^"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1968"(PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives. pp. 46 & 47.
  25. ^"1968 President General Election".Virginia Department of Elections: Historical Elections Database. RetrievedAugust 10, 2024.

Works cited

[edit]
State and district results of the1968 United States presidential election
Electoral map, 1968 election
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