 Tornado damage inBeecher, Michigan | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | June 8, 1953, 8:30 pmEST (UTC−01:30) |
| F5 tornado | |
| on theFujita scale | |
| Highest winds | >261mph(420km/h)[1] |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 116 |
| Injuries | 844 |
| Damage | $19 million (1953USD)[2] $223 million (2024 USD)[3] |
| Areas affected | Flint andBeecher, Michigan (part of a larger outbreak) |
Part of the1953 Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence andtornado outbreaks of 1953 | |
During the evening hours of Monday, June 8, 1953, an exceptionally large and violenttornado struck the north side ofFlint, Michigan and the northern suburb ofBeecher, causing catastrophic damage and hundreds of casualties. Rated as an F5 on theFujita Scale, the tornado touched down inGenesee County, Michigan, at 8:30 p.m.EST (01:30UTC) and continued on a 18.6-mile-path (29.9 km), causing 116 fatalities, 844 injuries and an estimated $19 million (1953USD) in damage.[2][4]
This was the deadliest tornado in Michigan history and the 10th deadliest in United States history.[5] Most of the casualties and damage occurred in theunincorporated community of Beecher. The tornado was one of eight tornadoes that touched down the same day in eastern lower Michigan and northwestOhio.[4] It was also part of the largerFlint–Worcester tornado outbreak that began overNebraska andIowa, before moving east across the upperGreat Lakes states andOntario, and on toNew York andNew England causing more deadly tornadoes.
Just prior to the tornado touching down eyewitness accounts recalled that an approaching thunderstorm with several intense lightning strikes turned the northwest sky a dark "black-yellow-green" color.[6] The US Weather Bureau (predecessor of today'sNational Weather Service) observations that evening recorded a temperature of 78 °F (26 °C) with a dew point of 71 °F (22 °C) and a barometric pressure reading that fell to 28.89inches of mercury (978 hPa).[2] Surface map analysis showed a frontal system associated with a strong low pressure moving west across lower Michigan.[7] At 7:30 p.m. (00:30 UTC) the Weather Bureau'sSevere Storms Unit issued a Severe Weather Bulletin alerting of the threat of hazardous weather for southeast lower Michigan.[4]
At approximately 8:30 p.m. the tornado touched down inMt. Morris Township near the intersection of Webster and Coldwater Roads, east ofFlushing and northwest of Flint. The first reported observation from the Weather Bureau's Flint station came just minutes after the tornado touched down, "...unconfirmed Tornado reported 2 mi N Flushing heading ENE possibly hitting Flint 2033 E."[2] It began to take a path directly east down the Coldwater Road corridor, entering the residential neighborhoods of the Beecher district—a Flint suburb. Moving at approximately 35 miles per hour (56 km/h), the tornado cut a path 833 yards (762 m) wide.[4]
In a time before the routine issuance ofsevere thunderstorm andtornado warnings the residents of Beecher had almost no advanced warning other than actually sighting the tornado heading towards them. Victims recalled hearing the incredible roar from the tornado and seeing its black funnel before heading for shelter in home basements.[8] The densely populated Beecher neighborhoods took a direct hit, with several single family houses being completely destroyed. Witnesses recalled that the tornado's massive funnel resembled black smoke and was accompanied by smallermultiple vortices.[8] Others reported seeing fireballs within thedebris of the tornado.[9] Beecher High School was heavily damaged as it was directly struck. The tornado's path also came close to the North FlintDrive-in theater. Patrons evacuated the drive-in in their vehicles. Some got into vehicle crashes in the ensuing panic to flee while others inadvertently drove into the path of the tornado after leaving the theater. The theater itself received only minor damage.[8][10]
After leaving Beecher the tornado took an east-northeast path, following just south of theFlint River where it ravaged farms, causing more casualties and destruction near the rural communities ofGenesee,Richfield Center andColumbiaville.[4][11] The tornado stayed on the ground for 18.6 miles (29.9 km) and ultimately dissipated north ofLapeer near Five Lakes Road inLapeer County'sDeerfield Township. Within minutes, a second tornado formed near where the original Flint-Beecher tornado left the ground. That tornado reached F4 wind speeds and continued east through rural farm lands in Lapeer andSt. Clair Counties causing more injuries and damage before moving out overLake Huron.[4]
While most of the tornado's 18.6-mile-path (29.9 km) went through rural farmland, the majority of the devastation was concentrated in the Beecher district.[4] 113 of the 116 fatalities from the tornado occurred in Beecher, including 54 children under the age of 18 with multiple deaths occurring in 20 families. The two greatest losses were exacted to the families of Pedro Gatica and Thomas Gensel; both men survived, but lost their entire families. Gatica, a worker at General Motors, had been at work when the tornado struck, while his small home was directly in the path of the storm. His wife Cecilia, who was eight months pregnant with their third child, was killed, as were their two small children and a niece who lived with them.[12] Gensel had been at home with his wife Vanessa and their four children when their home was blown apart; only Thomas survived.[13] Eight area hospitals, including three inSaginaw, were involved in treating victims.[2]
Some accounts recalled employees of Flint's automobile industry leaving factories to head to the site to discover whether or not their families had survived.[9] Large sections of neighborhoods were completely destroyed. It was the last tornado to kill more than a hundred people until it was surpassed by theJoplin, Missouri, tornado on May 22, 2011. The last F5 tornado in Michigan was theHudsonville-Standale tornado of April 3, 1956.[2]
It was debated in the U.S. Congress at the time whether recent atomic bomb testing in the upper atmosphere had caused tornadoes, including this one. CongressmanJames E. Van Zandt (R-Penn.) was among several members of Congress who expressed their belief that the June 4th bomb testing created the tornadoes, which occurred far outside the traditionaltornado alley. They demanded a response from the government. Meteorologists quickly dispelled such an assertion, and Congressman Van Zandt later retracted his statement.[citation needed]
| Overview | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Science |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Important storms |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||
| In media | |||||||||||||||||
| Related phenomena | |||||||||||||||||
