Events from the year1945 in the United States.World War II ended during this year following the surrender ofGermany in May and that ofJapan in September.
January 31 –Eddie Slovik is executed by firing squad fordesertion, the first American soldier since theAmerican Civil War, and last to date to be executed for this offense.
Walt Disney Productions' seventh feature film,The Three Caballeros, is released. It is Disney's second of sixpackage films to be released through the 1940s and the first feature film to incorporate traditional animation with live-action actors.
April 7 – The only flight of the German ramming unit known as theSonderkommando Elbe takes place, resulting in the loss of some 24B-17s andB-24s of the United StatesEighth Air Force.
May 3 – Rocket scientistWernher von Braun and 120 members of his team surrender to U.S. forces (later he becomes at the forefront and a pioneer of the U.S. space program).
A JapaneseFu-Go balloon bomb kills five children and a grown woman, Elsie Mitchell, nearBly, Oregon, when it explodes as they drag it from the woods. They are the only people killed by an enemy attack on the American mainland during World War II.
July 30 –WW II: The heavy cruiserUSS Indianapolis is hit and sunk by torpedoes from theI-58 in thePhilippine Sea. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for up to four days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. CaptainCharles B. McVay III of the cruiser is later court-martialed and convicted; in 2000, he is posthumously exonerated.[5]
August 7 – President Harry Truman announces the successful bombing of Hiroshima with theatomic bomb, while returning from the Potsdam Conference aboard the U.S. Navy heavy cruiserUSS Augusta in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
August 8 – TheUnited Nations Charter is ratified by the United States Senate, and this nation becomes the third one to join the new international organization.
August 14 (August 15 in Japan) – EmperorHirohito announces Japan's surrender on the radio. The United States calls this dayV-J Day (Victory over Japan). This ends the period ofJapanese expansionism and begins the period ofOccupied Japan.
The Russian code clerkIgor Gouzenko comes forward with numerous documents implicating the Soviet Union in numerous spy rings in North America: both in the United States and in Canada.
September 8 – American troops occupy southernKorea, while the Soviet Union occupies the north, with the dividing line being the 38th parallel of latitude. This arrangement proves to be the indirect beginning of a dividedKorea.
October 5 –Hollywood Black Friday: A strike by the Set Decorator's Union in Hollywood results in a riot.
October 23 –Jackie Robinson signs a contract with theMontreal Royals, making him the first black baseball player in the International League since the 1880s.
October 29 – AtGimbel's Department Store in New York City, the firstballpoint pens go on sale at $12.50 each.
November 29 – Assembly of the world's first general purpose electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (ENIAC), is completed, covering 1,800 square feet (170 m2) of floor space, and the first set of calculations is run on it.
^Angier, R. B.; Boothe, J. H.; Hutchings, B. L.; Mowat, J. H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E. L. R.; Subbarow, Y.; Waller, C. W.; Cosulich, D. B.; Fahrenbach, M. J.; Hultquist, M. E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E. H.; Seeger, D. R.; Sickels, J. P.; Smith Jr, J. M. (1945). "Synthesis of a Compound Identical with the L. Casei Factor Isolated from Liver".Science.102 (2644):227–28.Bibcode:1945Sci...102..227A.doi:10.1126/science.102.2644.227.PMID17778509.
^Jessup, John E. (1989).A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945-1985. New York: Greenwood Press.ISBN0-313-24308-5.
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