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1944 in literature

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Overview of the events of 1944 in literature

List of years in literature

In poetry: 1941; 1942; 1943; 1944; 1945; 1946; 1947

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of1944.

Events

February 6 – The première ofJean Anouilh's tragedyAntigone takes place at theThéâtre de l'Atelier inNazi-occupied Paris.^[1]
March 19 – The première ofPablo Picasso's playDesire Caught by the Tail (Le Désir attrapé par la queue) is a private reading in Paris by the author that includesSimone de Beauvoir,Jean-Paul Sartre,Valentine Hugo andRaymond Queneau directed byAlbert Camus.^[2]
May – The première ofJean-Paul Sartre'sexistentialist dramaHuis Clos is held at theThéâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Nazi-occupied Paris.^[3]
June 1 and5 – The first and (modified) second lines respectively ofPaul Verlaine's1866 poemChanson d'automne ("Les sanglots longs des violons de l'automne / Bercent mon cœur d'une langueur monotone") are broadcast by theAllies overBBC Radio Londres among coded messages to theFrench Resistance to prepare for theD-Day landings (second broadcast at 22:15 local time).^[4]^[5]
June
- D-Day landings andInvasion of Normandy: The English soldier-poetKeith Douglas is killed;William Golding commandsLanding Craft Tank (Rocket)460 atGold Beach;Vernon Scannell (as John Bain) experiences the incident that gives rise to the poem "Walking Wounded" (1965) and is wounded;J. D. Salinger, having landed onUtah Beach, works on an early version ofThe Catcher in the Rye during lulls in the fighting;Dennis B. Wilson writes the poem that appears asElegy of a Common Soldier in 2012;^[6]Kingsley Amis andJohn Wyndham serve as signallers;Alexander Baron's experiences of the invasion form the basis of his novelFrom the City, From the Plough (1948).
- The final edition of theBreton nationalist newspaperL'Heure Bretonne is published.
August – With theLiberation of Paris,Jean Genet's novelNotre Dame des Fleurs (1943) can begin to circulate openly.
September 14 –Laurence Olivier takes the title rôle in the production ofRichard III that opens atThe Old Vic in London.
October
- The contents of theZałuski Library are destroyed during theplanned destruction of Warsaw by its Nazi occupiers.
- The teenageGünter Grass, having volunteered for active service, is drafted into theWaffen-SS.^[7]
October 2
- After a few months' internment atDrancy andBirkenau,Benjamin Fondane is one of 700 prisoners put to death in the gas chamber – the last such killings before Birkenau is evacuated.^[8] Upon selection, Fondane is heard joking about the irony of his misfortune.^[9]
- Dylan Thomas is to be best man at the wedding of a friend and fellow Welsh poet,Vernon Watkins, in London, but fails to turn up.
November 9 – CollaborationistGeorges Suarez becomes the first journalist executed during theépuration légale in France.^[10]
November 22 –Laurence Olivier's film ofHenry V is released in the UK, and is the first film of aShakespeare play to be produced in colour.^[11]
November 23 –Arthur Miller's playThe Man Who Had All the Luck (written in1940) has itsBroadway première at theForrest Theatre in New York City, but runs for only four performances.^[12]
December 26 –Tennessee Williams' semi-autobiographical "memory play"The Glass Menagerie, adapted from a short story, is premièred at the Civic Theatre inChicago.^[13]
unknown date – The Englishactor-manager Geoffrey Kendal arrives in India for the first time with theEntertainments National Service Association, touringPatrick Hamilton's dramaGaslight; from1947 Kendal's touring repertory company "Shakespeareana" will performShakespeare in towns and villages across India for some decades.^[14]

New books

Fiction

Samuel Hopkins Adams –Canal Town
Jorge Amado –Terras do Sem Fim (The Violent Land)
Esther Averill –The Cat Club
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer –Balyakalasakhi
H. E. Bates –Fair Stood the Wind for France
Saul Bellow –Dangling Man
Jorge Luis Borges –Ficciones
Caryl Brahms andS.J. Simon –No Nightingales
Christianna Brand –Green for Danger
John Brophy –Target Island
John Bude –Death in White Pyjamas
John Dickson Carr
- Till Death Do Us Part
- He Wouldn't Kill Patience (as Carter Dickson)
Joyce Cary –The Horse's Mouth
Louis-Ferdinand Céline –Guignol's Band
Peter Cheyney
- The Dark Street
- They Never Say When
Agatha Christie
- Death Comes as the End
- Towards Zero
- Absent in the Spring (as Mary Westmacott)
Colette –Gigi
J.J. Connington –Jack-in-the-Box
Edmund Crispin –The Case of the Gilded Fly
A. J. Cronin –The Green Years
Esther Forbes –Johnny Tremain
Anthony Gilbert –The Scarlet Button
Walter Greenwood –Something in My Heart
L. P. Hartley –The Shrimp and the Anemone
John Hersey –A Bell for Adano
Georgette Heyer –Friday's Child
Dorothy B. Hughes –The Delicate Ape
Margaret Irwin –Young Bess
Charles R. Jackson –The Lost Weekend
Pamela Hansford Johnson –The Trojan Brothers
Kalki Krishnamurthy –Sivagamiyin Sapatham (சிவகாமியின் சபதம், The Vow of Sivagami)
Pär Lagerkvist –Dvärgen
Margaret Landon –Anna and the King of Siam (semi-fictionalised biography, basis for 1951 musicalThe King and I)
Anne Morrow Lindbergh –The Steep Ascent
E. C. R. Lorac
- Checkmate to Murder
- Fell Murder
H. P. Lovecraft –Marginalia
Curzio Malaparte –Kaputt
W. Somerset Maugham –The Razor's Edge
Oscar Micheaux –The Case of Mrs. Wingate
Gladys Mitchell –My Father Sleeps
Alberto Moravia –Agostino (Two Adolescents)
Gunnar Myrdal –An American Dilemma
Anaïs Nin –Under a Glass Bell
Ernest Raymond –For Them That Trespass
Rafael Sabatini –King in Prussia
Anna Seghers
- Transit
- "Der Ausflug der toten Mädchen" (The Excursion of the Dead Girls, short story)
Anya Seton –Dragonwyck
Clark Ashton Smith –Lost Worlds
Eleanor Smith –Magic Lantern
Howard Spring –Hard Facts
Philip Van Doren Stern –The Greatest Gift (first trade publication)
Rex Stout –Not Quite Dead Enough
Cecil Street –Death Invades the Meeting
Phoebe Atwood Taylor (as Alice Tilton) –Dead Ernest
Donald Wandrei –The Eye and the Finger
Henry S. Whitehead –Jumbee and Other Uncanny Tales
Martin Wickremasinghe –Gamperaliya
Vaughan Wilkins –Being Met Together
Valentine Williams –Courier to Marrakesh
Kathleen Winsor –Forever Amber

Children and young people

Esther Averill –The Cat Club
Enid Blyton –The Island of Adventure
Robert Bright –Georgie
Alice Dalgliesh –The Silver Pencil
Eleanor Estes –The Hundred Dresses
Pipaluk Freuchen –Ivik, den faderløse (translated asEskimo Boy)
Eric Linklater –The Wind on the Moon
Feodor Rojankovsky –The Tall Book of Nursery Tales
Margery Sharp –Cluny Brown
Tasha Tudor –Mother Goose

Drama

Jean Anouilh –Antigone
Reginald Beckwith –A Soldier for Christmas
Ugo Betti –Corruzione al Palazzo di giustizia (Corruption in the Palace of Justice, written)
Bertolt Brecht –The Caucasian Chalk Circle (Der Kaukasische Kreidekreis), written
Mary Chase –Harvey
Daphne du Maurier –The Years Between
Balwant Gargi –Lohākuṭ (Blacksmith)
Philip King –See How They Run
Max Otto Koischwitz –Vision of Invasion (broadcast propaganda)
Esther McCracken –No Medals
J.B. Priestley –How Are They at Home?
Harold Purcell –The Rest is Silence
Terence Rattigan -Love In Idleness (rewriting ofLess Than Kind)
Lawrence Riley –Time to Kill
Jean-Paul Sartre –No Exit (Huis Clos)
John Van Druten –I Remember Mama
Franz Werfel –Jacobowsky and the Colonel (Jacobowsky und der Oberst)
Tennessee Williams –The Glass Menagerie

Poetry

James K. Baxter –Beyond the Palisade
Paul Éluard –Au Rendez-vous allemand (To the German Rendezvous)
Five Young American Poets, volume 3, including work byEve Merriam,John Frederick Nims,Jean Garrigue,Tennessee Williams andAlejandro Carrión
Nicholas Moore –The Glass Tower
Francis Brett Young –The Island

Non-fiction

Charles William Beebe –Book of Naturalists
F. Brunea-Fox –Orașul Măcelului (City of Slaughter)
Aleister Crowley –The Book of Thoth
Friedrich Hayek –The Road to Serfdom
Max Horkheimer andTheodor W. Adorno –Dialectic of Enlightenment (Dialektik der Aufklärung)
Gunnar Myrdal –An American Dilemma
Beverley Nichols –Verdict on India^[15]
Karl Polanyi –The Great Transformation
L. T. C. Rolt –Narrow Boat
Charles Stevenson –Ethics and Language
G. M. Trevelyan –English Social History: a survey of six centuries from Chaucer to Queen Victoria

Births

January 8 –Terry Brooks, American writer offantasy fiction
January 17 –Jan Guillou, Swedish author
January 21 –Jack Abbott, American writer (suicide2002)
February 7 –Witi Ihimaera, New ZealandMāori writer
February 9 –Alice Walker, American novelist and poet
February 11 –Joy Williams, American fiction writer
February 14
- Carl Bernstein, American journalist
- Alan Parker, English director and writer (died2020)
February 16 –Richard Ford, American novelist
February 18 –Elizabeth Nunez, Trinidadian-born American novelist (died2024)
February 27
- Ken Grimwood, American writer (died2003)
- Roger Scruton, English philosopher and writer (died2020)^[16]
April 18 –Kathy Acker, American postmodernist experimental novelist and punk poet (died1997)
May 13 –Armistead Maupin, American novelist
May 17 –Uldis Bērziņš, Latvian poet and translator
May 18 –W. G. Sebald, German novelist (died2001)
June 5
- John Fraser, Canadian journalist
- Nigel Rees, English writer and broadcaster
June 9 -Jeanne DuPrau, American writer
July 21 –Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian-born novelist and children's writer (died2017)
August 10 –Barbara Erskine, English novelist
August 18 –Paula Danziger, American young adult novelist (died2004)
August 19 –Bodil Malmsten, Swedish writer (died2016)
August 22 –Tom Leonard, Scottish dialect poet
August 30 –Molly Ivins, American journalist (died2007)
September 19 –Ismet Özel, Turkish poet
September 24 –Eavan Boland, Irish poet (died2020)
October 2 –Vernor Vinge, American science fiction novelist
October 5 –Tomás de Jesús Mangual, Puerto Rican journalist (died2011)
November 7 –Peter Wilby, English journalist
November 24 –Eintou Pearl Springer, Trinidadian poet
November 28 –Rita Mae Brown, American writer and political activist
December 1 –Tahar Ben Jelloun, French Moroccan-born novelist
December 2 –Botho Strauß, German writer and dramatist
December 9 –Ki Longfellow, American novelist
December 15 –Elizabeth Arnold, English children's writer
December 17 –Jack L. Chalker, American science fiction novelist (died2005)
December 21 –James Sallis, American crime novelist
unknown dates
- Margaret Busby, Ghanaian-born British publisher
- Shena Mackay, Scottish-born novelist
- Patrick O'Connell, Canadian poet (died2005)

Deaths

January 6 –Ida Tarbell, American journalist (born1857)
January 7 –Napoleon Lapathiotis, Greek lawyer and poet (born1888)
January 8 –Joseph Jastrow, Polish American psychologist (born1863)
January 15–Armand Praviel, French poet, novelist, and journalist (born1875)
January 31 –Jean Giraudoux, French dramatist (born1882)
February –David Vogel,Hebrew poet (died in concentration camp, born1891)^[17]
February 2 –Jane Agnes Stewart, American author, editor, and contributor to periodicals (born1860)
February 9 –Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux, English-born poet, biographer and novelist (born1857)
February 10 –Israel Joshua Singer, Yiddish novelist (born1893)
February 12 –Olive Custance, Lady Alfred Douglas, English poet (born1874)
February 23 –Augusta Peaux, Dutch poet (born1859)
March 5
- Max Jacob, French poet and critic (died in internment camp, born1876)
- Alun Lewis, Welsh war poet (accidental shooting, born1915)
March 11 –Irvin S. Cobb, American writer (born1876)
March 28 –Stephen Leacock, English-born Canadian humorous writer and economist (born1869)
April 21 –Florence Trail, American educator and author (born1854)
May 3 –Anica Černej, Slovenian poet (in concentration camp, born1900)
May 12
- Max Brand, American Western, pulp fiction and screenwriter (killed as war correspondent, born1892)
- SirArthur Quiller-Couch ("Q"), English author and critic (born1863)
May 16 –George Ade, American journalist and dramatist (born1866)
May 24 –Harold Bell Wright, American writer (born1872)
June –Joseph Campbell, Northern Irish poet (born1879)
June 9 –Keith Douglas, English war poet (killed in action, born1920)
June 13 –Elizabeth Wharton Drexel, American socialite and author (born1868)
June 16 –Marc Bloch, French historian (executed, born1886)
July 31 –Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and writer (lost in aircraft, born1900)
August 13 –Ethel Lina White, Welsh-born English crime novelist (born1876)
August 25 –Musa Cälil, SovietTatar poet and resistance fighter (executed, born1905)
September 4 –Margery Williams, English-born American children's writer (born1881)
September 13 –W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist and illustrator (born1872)
October 2 –Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-born French poet, playwright and critic (Nazi gas chamber, born1898)
October 8 –Elsa Lindberg-Dovlette, Swedish writer of harem stories (born1874)^[18]
October 19 –Karel Poláček, Czech writer, humorist and journalist (born1892)
October 29 –Stephen Hudson (born Sydney Schiff), English novelist, translator and arts patron (born1868)
November 15 –Edith Durham, English travel writer (born1863)
December 2 –Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian poet, art theorist and Futurist writer (born1876)
December 17 –Robert Nichols, English poet and dramatist (born1893)
December 30 –Romain Rolland, French author and Nobel laureate (born1866)

Awards

Carnegie Medal forchildren's literature:Eric Linklater,The Wind on the Moon
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction:Forrest Reid,Young Tom
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography:C. V. Wedgwood,William the Silent
Newbery Medal forchildren's literature:Esther Forbes,Johnny Tremain
Nobel Prize in Literature:Johannes V. Jensen
Premio Nadal (first award):Carmen Laforet,Nada
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry:Stephen Vincent Benét,Western Star
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel:Martin Flavin,Journey in the Dark
Shelley Memorial Award for Poetry:E. E. Cummings

References

^Charles Delattre (1998).Antigone, Jean Anouilh (in French). Editions Bréal. p. 7.ISBN 978-2-84291-150-8.
^McLanathan, Richard B. K.; Brown, Gene (1978).The Arts. Ayer Publishing. p. 60.
^Jean-Paul Sartre (3 December 1987).Huis Clos. Psychology Press. p. 29.ISBN 978-0-415-04003-7.
^Foot, M. R. D. (1999).SOE: An Outline History of the Special Operations Executive 1940–46. London: Pimlico. p. 143.ISBN 0-7126-6585-4.
^Stourton, Edward (2017).Auntie's War: the BBC during the Second World War. London: Doubleday.ISBN 978-0-857-52332-7.
^Kirby, Terry (2010-10-08)."The strange and secretive life of Alexander Wilson".The Independent. London.Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved2018-12-12.
^The Virginia Quarterly Review. University of Virginia. 2006. p. 1.
^Daniel, Paul (1978). "Destinul unui poet". InFondane, Benjamin (ed.).Poezii. Bucharest: Editura Minerva. pp. 637–638.OCLC 252065138.
^Răileanu, Petre; Carassou, Michel (1999).Fundoianu/Fondane et l'avant-garde. Bucharest & Paris: Fondation Culturelle Roumaine & Éditions Paris-Méditerranée. p. 133.ISBN 2-84272-057-1.
^Lormier, Dominique (2018)."Georges Suarez".Les années interdites: Auteurs, journalistes et artistes dans la collaboration. Archipel. p. 85.ISBN 978-2-8098-2553-4.
^Kael, Pauline (15 May 1991).5001 Nights at the Movies. Macmillan.ISBN 9780805013672. Retrieved19 April 2016.
^Charles Isherwood (1 May 2002)."The Man Who Had All the Luck".Variety. Retrieved12 January 2025.
^Tennessee Williams (1999). Robert Bray (ed.).The Glass Menagerie. New Directions. p. vii.ISBN 9780811220750.
^Singh, Kuldip (1998-06-15)."Obituary: Geoffrey Kendal".The Independent. London.Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved2013-12-11.
^Mihir Bose: "A Hatred for Hindus",History Today (Vol 66/12, December 2016), p. 3.
^Sir Roger Scruton, conservative philosopher of wide accomplishments – obituary
^Sorrel Kerbel (23 November 2004).The Routledge Encyclopedia of Jewish Writers of the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 1113.ISBN 978-1-135-45607-8.
^Åhlen, Bengt (1945).Svensk bokkalender 1945: En översikt över 1944 års bokutgivning (in Swedish). Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögre. p. 82.OCLC 924316513.

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