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1944 in France

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Events from the year1944 inFrance.

Incumbents

Chairman of the Provisional Government:Philippe Pétain (until 20 August),Charles de Gaulle (starting 20 August)
Vice-President of the Council of Ministers:Pierre Laval (until 20 August),Charles de Gaulle (starting 20 August)

Events

15 March – The National Council of theFrench Resistance approves theResistance programme.
1 June –BBC transmits coded messages (including the first line of a poem byPaul Verlaine) tounderground resistance fighters in France warning that the invasion ofEurope is imminent.
2 June – The provisional French government is established.
5 June
- More than 1000 British bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on theNormandy coast in preparation forD-Day.
- At 10:15 p.m. local time, theBBC transmits coded messages including the second line of thePaul Verlaine poem to theunderground resistance indicating that the invasion ofEurope is about to begin.^[1]
6 June
- Battle of Normandy begins –Operation Overlord, code namedD-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000Allied troops on the beaches ofNormandy.
- Battle of Cherbourg begins.
7 June –Bayeux liberated by British troops.
9 June – Over 200 people are killed by2nd SS Panzer Division ("Das Reich") in theTulle massacre
10 June
- 642 people are killed by2nd SS Panzer Division ("Das Reich") in theOradour-sur-Glane massacre.
- Battle of Carentan begins.
13 June –Battle of Bloody Gulch, nearCarentan, United States forces victory.
14 June – Battle of Carentan ends with Allied victory.
26 June – American troops enterCherbourg.
30 June – Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
9 July – British andCanadian forces captureCaen.
9 August –Ordonnance du 9 août 1944 relative au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine sur le territoire continental declares theConstitutional Law of 1940 issued by theProvisional Government voidab initio.
12 August – The world's first underseaoil pipeline is laid, between England and France inOperation Pluto.
15 August –Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France.
19 August –Liberation of Paris: The city rises againstGerman occupation with the help ofAllied troops.
20 August – American forces defeat German forces atChambois. This victory closed theFalaise Gap.
24 August – Liberation of Paris: The Allies enter Paris, successfully completingOperation Overlord.
25 August
- German surrender of Paris: GeneralDietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it.
- Maillé massacre: 129 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo atMaillé, Indre-et-Loire.
- TheRed Ball Express convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
26 August
- Toulon liberated inBattle of Toulon (1944).
- Ordonnance institutingIndignité nationale.
28 August – Marseille liberated inBattle of Marseille.
8 September –Menton is liberated from Germany.
11 September – Northern and Southern France invasion forces link up nearDijon.
24 September – TheU.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city ofEpinal before crossing theMoselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
5 October –Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.
31 October – Mass murdererMarcel Petiot is apprehended in aParis Métro station.
9 November – CollaborationistGeorges Suarez becomes the first journalist executed during theépuration légale.^[2]
23 November –Liberation of Strasbourg.
19 December – NewspaperLe Monde first published in Paris.
ToymakerJouef established.

Arts and literature

6 February – Première ofJean Anouilh's tragedyAntigone, at theThéâtre de l'Atelier inNazi-occupied Paris.
May – Première ofJean-Paul Sartre'sexistentialist dramaHuis Clos, at theThéâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Nazi-occupied Paris.

Births

January to June

17 January –Françoise Hardy, singer (died 2024)
26 January –Louis Gallois, businessman
10 February –Jean-Daniel Cadinot, film director and producer (died 2008)
25 February –François Cevert, motor racing driver (died 1973)
7 April –Jean-Pierre Brucato, soccer player (died 1998)
22 May –Henri Guédon,percussionist (died 2006)
25 May –Pierre Bachelet, singer songwriter (died 2005)
26 May –Laurent-Michel Vacher,philosopher,writer andjournalist (died 2005)
22 June
- Pierre Goldman, left-wingintellectual, convicted of several robberies and assassinated (died 1979)
- Gérard Mourou, electrical engineer, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics
24 June –Ticky Holgado, actor (died 2004)

July to December

6 July –Claude-Michel Schönberg, composer
12 July –Jean-François Jenny-Clark, double bass player (died 1998)
9 August –Patrick Depailler, motor racing driver (died 1980)
14 August –Jean-François Bizot,journalist and writer (died 2007)
2 September –Gilles Marchal, songwriter and singer (died 2013)
6 September –Christian Boltanski, photographer, sculptor and installation artist (died 2021)

Full date unknown

Jean-Jacques Le Chenadec, urban violence victim (died 2005)

Deaths

14 January –Eugène Louis Bouvier,entomologist andcarcinologist (born 1856)
31 January –Jean Giraudoux, novelist, essayist, diplomat and playwright (born 1882)
4 February –Yvette Guilbert, singer and actress (born 1865)
24 February –Fanny Clar, journalist and writer (born 1875)
5 March –Max Jacob, poet, painter, writer and critic (born 1876)
22 March –Pierre Brossolette, journalist and Resistance fighter (born 1903)
30 April –Paul Poiret, fashion designer (born 1879)
20 May –Fraser Barron, New Zealand bomber pilot atLe Mans (born 1921 inDunedin)
6 July
- Andrée Borrel, FrenchWorld War II heroine (executed) (born 1919)
- Sonia Olschanezky, German-born French JewishWorld War II heroine (executed) (born 1923)
7 July –Georges Mandel, politician and Resistance leader (executed) (born 1885)
15 July –Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, aviator (born 1891)
31 July –Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, pilot and writer (born 1900)
1 August –Jean Prévost, writer, journalist and member of theMaquis (born 1901)
17 August –Paul Wormser, Olympic fencer (born 1905)
9 September –Robert Benoist, motor racing driver and war hero (executed) (born 1895)
11 September –Yolande Beekman,World War II heroine (executed) (born 1911)
13 September –Madeleine Damerment,World War II heroine (executed) (born 1917)
1 November –Lucien Cayeux,sedimentary petrographer (born 1864)
5 November –Alexis Carrel, surgeon and biologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1873)
13 December-Wassily Kandinsky, artist (born 1866)
30 December –Romain Rolland, writer,Nobel Prize in Literature (born 1866)

See also

List of French films of 1944

References

^Stourton, Edward (2017).Auntie's War: the BBC during the Second World War. London: Doubleday.ISBN 978-0-857-52332-7.
^Lormier, Dominique (2018)."Georges Suarez".Les années interdites: Auteurs, journalistes et artistes dans la collaboration. Archipel. p. 85.ISBN 978-2-8098-2553-4.

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1944 in Europe

Sovereign states

Dependencies, colonies
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v t e Years inFrance
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18th century	1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800
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21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

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Free France

Liberation of France

Forces

Leaders

Administration

French
campaign

Nov1940	Battle of Gabon
Jun1941	Syria–Lebanon campaign
Dec 1941	Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Nov1942	Operation Torch Tunisian campaign Battle of Réunion
Sept1943	Liberation of Corsica
Jan1944	Battle of Vercors Battle of Glières
March 1944	Liberation of Limousin
May 1944	Battle of Mont Mouchet
Jun 1944	Operation Overlord Battle of Carentan Battle of Cherbourg Battle for Caen Liberation of Limousin Tulle massacre Liberation of Guéret [fr] Oradour-sur-Glane massacre Maquis de Saint-Marcel Maquis de Saffré Battle of Ushant
July 1944	Liberation of Saint-Lô Battle of Mont Gargan [fr] Operation Cobra
Aug 1944	Battle for Brittany Rennes Saint-Malo Liberation of Brest Atlantic pockets: Lorient Saint-Nazaire Lioran [fr] Égletons [fr] Battle of Port Cros Battle of La Ciotat Provence landings Liberation of Toulon Liberation of Marseille Liberation of Paris Maillé massacre Liberation of Guéret [fr] Battle of Montélimar [fr] Liberation of Nice [fr]
Sept 1944	Battle of the Vosges Liberation of Nancy Operation Astonia Operation Undergo Atlantic pockets: La Rochelle Royan Dunkirk Battle of Arracourt Battle of Meximieux [fr]
Nov 1944 - March 1945	Battle of the Vosges Battle of Alsace Liberation of Strasbourg Colmar Pocket Bitche [fr] Battle of the Vosges [fr] Battle of Bruyères [fr]
Apr1945	Atlantic pockets: Royan
May 1945	Atlantic pockets: Dunkirk La Rochelle Lorient Saint-Nazaire

Aftermath

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