Calendar year
1940 by topic Subject
By country Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1940 .
1940 (MCMXL ) was aleap year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar , the 1940th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 40th year of the20th century , and the 1st year of the1940s decade.
Calendar year
A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until 5280.[ 1]
Below, events related toWorld War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Finnish soldiers in theWinter War February 2 –11 – Scheduled dates for the1940 Winter Olympics inGarmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany, cancelled in November 1939 due to WWII (originally allocated toSapporo , Japan).February 1 – WWII:Winter War – Soviet forces launch a major assault on Finnish troops occupying theKarelian Isthmus .February 2 –Vsevolod Meyerhold is executed in the Soviet Union on charges of treason and espionage. He is cleared of all charges fifteen years later, in the first waves ofde-Stalinization .February 10 - The firstTom and Jerry cartoon,Puss Gets the Boot , premiered in theaters.February 15 –Paul Creston 'sSaxophone Sonata is officially premiered at theCarnegie Chamber Hall by saxophonistCecil Leeson , who had commissioned it from the composer.[ 5] February 16 – WWII:Altmark incidentHMS Cossack pursuesGerman tankerAltmark into theneutral waters ofJøssingfjord in southwesternNorway and frees the 290 British seamen held aboard.[ 6] February 22 – InTibet , province ofAndo , 4-year-oldTenzin Gyatso is proclaimed thetulku rebirth ) of the 13thDalai Lama .February 27 – Theradioactive isotope carbon-14 is discovered byMartin Kamen andSam Ruben at theUniversity of California, Berkeley .[ 7] February – The last mounted charge by a British cavalry regiment is made when theRoyal Scots Greys are called to quell Arab rioters inMandatory Palestine .[ 8] March 5 –Katyn massacre : Members of the Soviet Politburo (Joseph Stalin ,Vyacheslav Molotov ,Lazar Kaganovich ,Mikhail Kalinin ,Kliment Voroshilov andLavrentiy Beria ) sign an order, prepared by Beria, for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs.March 11 –Ed Ricketts ,John Steinbeck and six others leaveMonterey, California , United States, for theGulf of California , on a marine invertebrate collecting expedition.March 12 –Moscow Peace Treaty : TheSoviet Union and Finland sign a peace treaty in Moscow, ending theWinter War ; Finns, along with the world at large, are shocked by the harsh terms.March 13 – Indian nationalistUdham Singh assassinates SirMichael O'Dwyer (in revenge for the1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre ) atCaxton Hall inLondon , for which he is hanged on 31 July atHM Prison Pentonville .March 18 – WWII:Axis powers –Adolf Hitler andBenito Mussolini meet atBrenner Pass in theAlps . After being informed by Hitler that the Germans are ready to attack in the west, Mussolini agrees to bring Italy into the war in due course.[ 9] March 21 –Édouard Daladier resigns as Prime Minister of France;Paul Reynaud succeeds him.March 23 –Pakistan Movement : TheLahore Resolution , calling for greater autonomy for what will becomePakistan inBritish India , is drawn up by theAll-India Muslim League during a three-day general session atIqbal Park ,Lahore .March 30 – WWII: FormerKuomintang member and Chinese foreign minister,Wang Jingwei , announces the creation of theReorganized National Government of the Republic of China inNanjing .March 31 – WWII:Commerce raiding German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis leaves theWadden Sea for what will become the longest warship cruise of the war (622 days without in-port replenishment or repair).[ 10] April 3 – WWII:Operation Weserübung – German ships set out for theinvasion of Norway .April 4 –Neville Chamberlain ,UK Prime Minister , in what proves to be a tragic misjudgment, declares in a major public speech thatHitler has "missed the bus".April 7 –Booker T. Washington becomes the firstAfrican American to be depicted on a United Statespostage stamp .April 8 – WWII:Operation Wilfred : The British fleet laysnaval mines off the coast of neutral Norway.April 9 – WWII: Germany invades theneutral countries of Denmark and Norway inOperation Weserübung , opening theNorwegian campaign . The BritishRoyal Navy attempts to attack elements of the German fleet off Norway.Vidkun Quisling proclaims a new collaborationistregime in Norway. TheGerman invasion of Denmark lasts for about six hours, before that country capitulates.April 10 – WWII:First naval Battle of Narvik – The BritishRoyal Navy attacks the German fleet in theOfotfjord .[ 11] Bergen ,German cruiserKönigsberg is sunk by BritishFleet Air Arm Blackburn Skua dive bombers , flying fromRNAS Hatston inOrkney .April 12 April 13 April 14 – WWII:Norwegian campaign – The first British ground forces land in Norway, atNamsos andHarstad .April 16 – In American baseball, theCleveland Indians , behindBob Feller 'sOpening Day no-hitter , defeat theChicago White Sox , 1–0.April 23 – TheRhythm Club fire at a dance hall inNatchez, Mississippi , United States, kills 198 people.[ 12] April 27 –Mandatory Palestine andLebanon play anassociation football friendly ; it is Lebanon's first official match, and Mandatory Palestine's last before they become Israel in 1948.French prisoners of war being marched away from the front, May 1940 May 10 – WWII:May 13 – WWII:May 13 –14 – QueenWilhelmina of the Netherlands and her government are evacuated to London, using the British destroyerHMS Hereward .May 14 – WWII:May 15 WWII: TheDutch Army formally signs a surrender document. Women'sstockings made ofnylon are first placed on sale across the United States. Almost five million pairs are bought on this day.[ 15] May 16 – President of the United StatesFranklin D. Roosevelt , addressing a joint session of theU.S. Congress , asks for an extraordinary credit of approximately $900,000,000 to finance construction of at least 50,000 airplanes per year.May 17 – WWII:May 18 – MarshalPhilippe Pétain is named vice-premier of France.[ 16] May 19 – GeneralMaxime Weygand replacesMaurice Gamelin as commander-in-chief of all French forces.May 20 May 22 – WWII: TheParliament of the United Kingdom passes theEmergency Powers (Defence) Act 1940 , giving the government full control over all persons and property.May 24 – WWII:May 25 – TheCrypt of Civilization time capsule atOglethorpe University ,Brookhaven, Georgia in the United States, is sealed shut, with a projected opening date of 8113CE .May 26 British troopsevacuated from Dunkirk arrive atDover , May 1940 May 27 – WWII:Le Paradis massacre : 97 retreating British soldiers of theRoyal Norfolk Regiment are executed by German troops of3rd SS Panzer DivisionTotenkopf after surrendering in France.May 28 – WWII:May 29 – The Vought XF4U-1, prototype of theF4U Corsair U.S. fighter later used in WWII, makes its first flight.June 1 – WWII: Rear Admiral SirW. Frederic Wake-Walker 's flagship, thedestroyer Keith Stukas at Dunkirk.[ 17] June 3 June 4 – WWII:June 7 – KingHaakon VII of Norway and his government are evacuated fromTromsø to London, onHMSDevonshire .[ 18] June 10 – WWII:June 11 – WWII: TheWestern Desert Campaign opens, with British forces crossing theFrontier Wire intoItalian Libya .June 12 – WWII: 13,000 British and French troops surrender toMajor-General Erwin Rommel 's 7th Panzer Division, atSaint-Valery-en-Caux .June 13 – WWII: Paris is declared anopen city .June 14 – WWII:June 15 – WWII:June 16 June 17 – WWII:Lancastria June 18 – WWII:June 20 – WWII:Evacuation of civilians from the Channel Islands to England begins.[ 22] June 21 – WWII: The unsuccessfulItalian invasion of France begins with an offensive in the Alps.June 22 June 23 – WWII: German leaderAdolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris, in now-occupied France.[ 23] June 24 June 25 – WWII: After the defeat ofFrance , Hitler plans for an invasion of Switzerland, known asOperation Tannenbaum .June 26 –Soviet calendar : The Soviet Union reverts to a seven-day week for all purposes.June 28 GeneralCharles de Gaulle is officially recognized by Britain as the "Leader of allFree Frenchmen , wherever they may be." Romania cedes Bessarabia and northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, after an ultimatum.TheSmith Act (Alien Registration Act) is signed into United States law, setting criminal penalties for advocating overthrow of the government by force or violence, and requiring all aliens in the U.S. to register with the federal government.[ 25] June 30 July 1 – Thefirst Tacoma Narrows Bridge opens for business, built with an 8-foot (2.4 m) girder and 190 feet (58 m) above the water, as the third-longestsuspension bridge in the world.July 2 – WWII: British-ownedSS Arandora Star , carryingcivilian internees andPOWs of Italian and German origin fromLiverpool to Canada, istorpedoed and sunk byGerman submarine U-47 off northwest Ireland, with the loss of around 865 lives.July 3 – WWII:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir : British naval units sink or seize ships of the French fleet anchored in theAlgerian ports ofMers-el-Kebir andOran , to prevent them from falling into German hands. The following day,Vichy France breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain.July 5 – WWII:Operation Fish – A British convoy includingHMSBatory sails fromGreenock (Scotland) forHalifax, Nova Scotia , carryinggold bar and other valuables worth $1.7 billion for safe keeping inCanada ,[ 24] [ 26] July 6 July 10 – WWII: TheBattle of Britain air offensive of the GermanLuftwaffe RAF Fighter Command begins.July 11 – WWII:July 14 – WWII:Winston Churchill , in a worldwide broadcast, proclaims the intention of Great Britain to fight alone against Germany whatever the outcome: "We shall seek no terms. We shall tolerate no parley. We may show mercy. We shall ask none."July 15 – U.S. politics: TheDemocratic Party begins its national convention in Chicago, and nominatesFranklin D. Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term as president.July 19 – WWII:July 20 –August 4 – Scheduled dates for the1940 Summer Olympics inHelsinki , Finland, cancelled in November 1939 due to WWII (originally allocated toTokyo , Japan).July 21 July 23 –Welles Declaration : United StatesUnder Secretary of State Sumner Welles announces that the U.S. will not accorddiplomatic recognition to theSoviet Union 'soccupation of the Baltic states .July 25 – GeneralHenri Guisan addresses the officer corps of theSwiss army atRütli , resolving to resist any invasion of the country.July 27 Eleven British nationals, including Melville James Cox, are arrested on suspicion of spying for military intelligence by thesecret police inJapan . Cox commits suicide inTokyo on July 29, according to a report by the Japanese Foreign Ministry.[ 28] Bugs Bunny makes his debut in theOscar -nominated cartoon short,A Wild Hare Soldiers of theLithuanian People's Army carrying theSoviet propaganda posters, August 1940 August 1 – WWII: British submarineHMS Spearfish is sunk off the coast of NorwayAugust 3 – TheLithuanian SSR is annexed into theSoviet Union , followed by theLatvian SSR onAugust 5 and theEstonian SSR August 6 , just seven weeks after their occupation. Ethnic Germans will be deported to Germany.August 3 –19 – WWII: TheItalian conquest of British Somaliland is completed.August 4 – U.S. Gen.John J. Pershing , in a nationwide radio broadcast, urges all-out aid to Britain in order to defend the Americas, whileCharles Lindbergh speaks to anisolationist rally atSoldier Field in Chicago.August 8 – WWII: German generalWilhelm Keitel signs theAufbau Ost Soviet Union .August 10 – WWII: British armed merchant cruiserHMS Transylvania is torpedoed offMalin Head , Ireland, byGerman submarineU-56 .August 13 – WWII:Luftwaffe Adlertag Battle of Britain .August 15 – Italy, without having declared war on Greece, sinks the Greek boatElli (Έλλη).August 18 August 20 August 24 –Howard Florey and a team includingErnst Chain andNorman Heatley at theSir William Dunn School of Pathology ,University of Oxford , publish their laboratory results showing thein vivo penicillin . They have also purified the drug.[ 32] [ 33] August 25 – WWII: The firstBombing of Berlin is carried out, by theBritish Royal Air Force .August 26 – WWII:Chad is the first French colony to proclaim its support for the Allies.August 30 –Second Vienna Award : Germany and Italy compel Romania to cede half ofTransylvania to Hungary.August 31 London Underground duringthe Blitz , 1940 September – TheU.S. Army 45th Infantry Division (previously a National Guard Division inArizona ,Colorado ,New Mexico , andOklahoma ), is activated and ordered into federal service for one year, to engage in a training program inFt. Sill andLouisiana , prior to serving in WWII.September 2 – WWII: TheDestroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and Great Britain is announced, to the effect that 50 U.S. destroyers needed for escort work will be transferred to Great Britain. In return, the United States gains 99-year leases on British bases in the North Atlantic,West Indies andBermuda .[ 36] September 4 – WWII:Adolf Hitler 'sWinterhilfe speech at theBerlin Sportpalast declares thatNazi Germany will make retaliatory night air raids on British cities and threatens invasion.[ 36] September 5 – WWII:Commerce raiding German auxiliary cruiserKomet enters the Pacific Ocean via theBering Strait , after crossing the Arctic Ocean from theNorth Sea , with the help of Soviet icebreakersLenin ,Stalin andKaganovich .[ 37] September 6 – KingCarol II of Romania abdicates and is succeeded by his sonMichael .September 7 September 9 –16 – WWII: TheItalian invasion of Egypt commences from Libya, progressing only as far asSidi Barrani .September 9 September 12 September 14 –Ip massacre : The Hungarian Army, supported bylocal Hungarians , kill 158Romanian civilians inIp, Sălaj , a village inNorthern Transylvania , as part of attempts atethnic cleansing .September 16 – WWII: TheSelective Training and Service Act of 1940 is signed into law byFranklin D. Roosevelt , creating the first peacetime draft in U.S. history.September 17 – WWII:September 17 –18 – WWII:SS City of Benares istorpedoed byGerman submarine U-48 in the Atlantic, with the loss of 248 of the 406 on board, including child evacuees bound for Canada. This results in cancellation of the BritishChildren's Overseas Reception Board 's plan to relocate children overseas.September 20 –22 – WWII:Convoy HX 72 , a North Atlantic convoy of 43 ships, is attacked by a German U-boat group (wolfpack U-100 Joachim Schepke .September 21 –1940 Australian federal election :Robert Menzies 'UAP /Country Coalition Government is re-elected as aminority government , narrowly defeating theLabor Party led byJohn Curtin . It is the last federal election to result in a minority government until2010 .September 22 –French Indochina in World War II : Japan and the colonial Vichy government ofFrench Indochina sign an agreement permitting certain numbers of Japanese troops into the country (with rights for three airfields) to blockade China. There immediately follows aJapanese invasion of French Indochina , in which a group of Japanese officers takeĐồng Đăng andLam Sơn , with 40 Franco-Vietnamese troops killed and around 1,000 deserting. Fighting dies down on September 26.[ 39] September 23 –25 – WWII:Battle of Dakar – Naval forces ofFree France and Britain fail to take the port ofDakar inFrench West Africa fromVichy France .September 25 –Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany : GermanReichskommissar Josef Terboven appoints a provisional council of state from the pro-NaziNasjonal Samling party, underVidkun Quisling , as a puppet government for Norway.September 26 – The U.S. government places anembargo on the exportation of scrap iron and steel to any country outside the Western Hemisphere excluding Britain, effective October 16.[ 40] September 27 – WWII: Germany, Italy and Japan sign theTripartite Pact .September 30 (night toOctober 1 ) –Arsonists from theHitler Youth destroy theGreat Synagogue of Strasbourg .Wait for Me, Daddy Claude P. Dettloff of theBritish Columbia Regiment marching inNew Westminster , October 1940October 1 – The first section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the United States' first long-distancecontrolled-access highway , is opened.October 9 – The Lead Singer ofThe Beatles ,John Lennon was born.October 11 – Portuguese-born performerCarmen Miranda makes her American film debut inDown Argentine Way Good Neighbor policy .October 14 – WWII: At least 66 people are killed when aLuftwaffe bomb penetratesBalham station on theLondon Underground which is in use as anair-raid shelter duringThe Blitz on England.October 15 –Charlie Chaplin 'sThe Great Dictator October 16 The draft registration of approximately 16 million men begins in the United States. Nazi Governor-GeneralHans Frank establishes theWarsaw Ghetto . October 18 –19 – WWII: Thirty-two ships are sunk fromConvoy SC 7 andConvoy HX 79 by the most effective "wolfpack " of the war, includingOtto Kretschmer ,Günther Prien andJoachim Schepke .October 26 –28 – WWII:RMS Empress of Britain , serving as atroopship under the British flag, is bombed, torpedoed and sunk off theDonegal coast, with the loss of 45 lives. At 42,348GRT , she is the war's largest merchant ship loss.October 28 – WWII:Greco-Italian War begins when Italian troops invade Greece, meeting strong resistance from Greek troops and civilians. This action signals the start of theBalkan Campaign .October 29 – TheSelective Service System lottery is held in Washington, D.C..November – InCambodia , theKhmer Issarak is formed to overthrow theFrench Army within the country.November 2 –8 – WWII:Greco-Italian War –Battle of Elaia–Kalamas inEpirus : OutnumberedGreek forces repel theItalian Army .November 2 –German submarineU-69 is commissioned, the firstType VIIC U-boat ofNazi Germany 'sKriegsmarine November 5 November 6 –Agatha Christie 's mystery novelAnd Then There Were None November 7 – InTacoma, Washington , the 600-foot (180 m)-long center span of theTacoma Narrows Bridge (known as Galloping Gertie) collapses.November 8 – WWII:MS City of Rayville is sunk by a naval mine offCape Otway , Australia (the firstUnited States Merchant Marine loss of the war).November 9 –Joaquín Rodrigo 'sConcierto de Aranjuez Barcelona , Spain.November 10 November 11 November 12 – WWII: TheBattle of Gabon , begun on October 27, concludes withFree French Forces taking control of the colony ofGabon and the remainder ofFrench Equatorial Africa from theVichy regime .[ 41] November 13 – TheWalt Disney animated filmFantasia stereophonic sound , has its world premiere at theBroadway Theatre in New York City. It is the first box office failure for Disney, though it recoups its cost years later and becomes one of the most highly regarded of Disney's films.November 14 – WWII:Coventry Blitz – The city centre ofCoventry , England is destroyed by 500Luftwaffe bombers; 150,000fire bombs , 503 tons of high explosives and 130 parachute mines level 60,000 of the city's 75,000 buildings; 568 people are killed. The city's cathedral is gutted.November 15 –Abbott and Costello make their film debut, inOne Night in the Tropics November 16 November 17 – TheTartu Art Museum is established inTartu ,Estonia .[ 42] November 18 – WWII: German leaderAdolf Hitler and Italian Foreign MinisterGaleazzo Ciano meet to discussBenito Mussolini 's disastrous invasion of Greece.November 20 –24 – WWII:Hungary ,Romania andSlovakia join theAxis powers .November 25 November 26 –27 –Jilava Massacre : InRomania , coup leader GeneralIon Antonescu 'sIron Guard arrests and executes over 60 of exiled KingCarol II of Romania 's aides, starting at a penitentiary nearBucharest . Among the dead is former minister and acclaimed historianNicolae Iorga .November 27 – WWII:Battle of Cape Spartivento : The BritishRoyal Navy and ItalianRegia Marina November 30 – TheBattle of South Guangxi (Second Sino-Japanese War ) concludes after a year with the Japanese retiring having attained their strategic objectives; however, theCentral Hubei Operation concludes after five days leaving many Japanese dead.[ 43] December –Timely Comics 'Captain America Comics #1 (cover dated March 1941),first appearance ofCaptain America andBucky , hits newsstands in the United States.December 1 –Manuel Ávila Camacho takes office asPresident of Mexico .December 6 – British submarineHMS Regulus is sunk nearTaranto .December 8 – TheChicago Bears , in what will become the most one-sided victory inNational Football League history, defeat theWashington Redskins 73–0 in the 1940 NFL Championship Game.December 9 – WWII:Operation Compass – British forces in North Africa begin their first major offensive, with an attack on Italian forces atSidi Barrani ,Egypt .December 12 andDecember 15 – WWII:Sheffield Blitz ("Operation Crucible") – TheYorkshire steelmaking city ofSheffield in England is badly damaged by German air-raids.December 14 – WWII:December 16 – WWII:Operation Abigail Rachel – TheRAF bombsMannheim .December 17 – President Roosevelt, at his regular press conference, first sets forth the outline of his plan to send aid to Great Britain, which will become known asLend-Lease .December 23 – WWII:Winston Churchill , in a broadcast address to the people of Italy, blamesBenito Mussolini for leading his nation to war against the British, contrary to Italy's historic friendship with them: "One man has arrayed the trustees and inheritors of ancient Rome upon the side of the ferocious pagan barbarians."December 24 –Mahatma Gandhi , Indian spiritual non-violence leader, writes his second letter toAdolf Hitler , addressing him as "My friend", and requesting him to stop the war Germany had begun.December 25 – The German cruiserAdmiral Hipper Sierra Leone 700 miles (1,100 km) west ofCape Finisterre inSpain .Admiral Hipper sinks one ship but has to withdraw with engine trouble.December 27 – WWII: German auxiliary cruiserKomet Nauru (under Australian protection at this time) while flying the Japanese flag. The bombardment lasts an hour and causes the loss of 13,000 tons of oil.December 29
Brian Josephson Jack Nicklaus John Hurt Carlos Slim January 2 January 3 –Thelma Schoonmaker , Algerian-born American film editorJanuary 4 January 9 –Miguel Ángel Rodríguez , Costa Rican politician, lawyer, economist and businessmanJanuary 14 –Julian Bond , African-American civil rights activist (d.2015 )January 16 –Franz Müntefering , German politicianJanuary 17 January 18 –Pedro Rodríguez , Mexican racing driver (d.1971 )January 19 –Paolo Borsellino , Italian judge and magistrate (d.1992 )[ 46] January 20 January 21 –Jack Nicklaus , American golferJanuary 22 –John Hurt , English actor (d.2017 )[ 48] January 24 –Joachim Gauck , German politician, 11thPresident of Germany January 27 January 28 –Carlos Slim , Mexican businessmanJanuary 29 H. R. Giger Smokey Robinson Peter Fonda Mario Andretti February 2 February 4 –George A. Romero , American film writer, director (d.2017 )[ 50] February 5 –H. R. Giger , Swiss artist (d.2014 )February 6 –Tom Brokaw , American television journalist and author[ 51] February 7 –Tony Tan , 7th President of SingaporeFebruary 9 February 12 –Robert Saladrigas , Spanish writer, journalist and literary critic (d.2018 )February 15 –Hamzah Haz , Indonesian politician, 9thVice President of Indonesia February 17 February 18 –Fabrizio De André , Italian singer, songwriter (d.1999 )February 19 February 20 –Jimmy Greaves , English footballer (d.2021 )February 21 –John Lewis , African-American politician, civil rights activist (d.2020 )February 23 –Peter Fonda , American actor (Easy Rider 2019 )February 24 February 25 –Jesús López Cobos , Spanish-born conductor (d.2018 )February 27 –Bill Hunter , Australian actor (d.2011 )[ 54] February 28 Chuck Norris James Caan Nancy Pelosi March 1 March 2 –Billy McNeill , Scottish football player and manager (d.2019 )March 3 –Germán Castro Caycedo , Colombian writer, journalist (d.2021 )March 4 –Vladimir Morosov , Soviet athlete (d.2023 )March 5 –Anton Fliegerbauer , West German police officer (d.1972 )March 7 March 9 –Raul Julia , Puerto Rican actor (d.1994 )March 10 –Chuck Norris , American actor, martial artistMarch 12 –Al Jarreau , African-American singer (d.2017 )March 13 –Candi Staton , American singerMarch 16 March 19 –Billy Beasley , American politician who has served in theAlabama Legislature since 1998March 20 –Paul Neville , Australian politician (d.2019 )March 21 –Solomon Burke , African-American singer, songwriter (d.2010 )March 22 –Haing S. Ngor , Cambodian actor (The Killing Fields 1996 )March 25 March 26 James Caan , American actor (d.2022 )Nancy Pelosi , American politician; Speaker and Minority Leader (alternately) of the United States House of RepresentativesJörg Streli , Austrian architect (d. 2019)March 27 –Marie Jepsen , Danish politician (d.2018 )March 29 March 30 –Jerry Lucas , American professional basketball player[ 57] March 31 –Patrick Leahy , American politicianWangari Maathai Julie Christie Margrethe II of Denmark Al Pacino Tan Cheng Bock April 1 –Wangari Maathai , Kenyan environmentalist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.2011 )April 2 April 4 –Robby Müller , Dutch cinematographer (d.2018 )April 6 –Pedro Armendáriz Jr. , Mexican actor (d.2011 )April 8 –John Havlicek , American basketball player (d.2019 )April 12 –Herbie Hancock , African-American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actorApril 13 April 14 April 15 April 16 April 17 –John McCririck , English horse racing pundit (d.2019 )April 18 April 19 –Reinhard Bonnke , German Pentecostal evangelist (d.2019 )April 20 –Pilar Miró , Spanish screenwriter and film director (d.1997 )April 22 –Marie-José Nat , French actress (d.2019 )April 23 –Danilo Astori , Uruguayan politician, 15thVice President of Uruguay April 24 –Sue Grafton , American detective novelist (d.2017 )[ 61] April 25 –Al Pacino , American actor, film directorApril 26 April 30 –Ermindo Onega , Argentine footballer (d.1979 )Ricky Nelson Toni Tennille Don Nelson May 1 –Elsa Peretti , Italian jewelry designer (d.2021 )May 2 May 3 May 5 –Lance Henriksen , American actorMay 7 –Angela Carter , English author, editor (d.1992 )[ 64] May 8 May 9 –James L. Brooks , American film producer, writerMay 11 –Juan Downey , Chilean-born American video artist (d.1993 )May 13 May 15 May 16 –Ole Ernst , Danish actor (d.2013 )May 17 May 19 –Jan Janssen , Dutch cyclistMay 20 May 22 –Bernard Shaw , African-American journalist and television news reporter (d.2022 )May 24 –Joseph Brodsky , Russian-born poet,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1996 )May 26 –Levon Helm , American musician and actor (d.2012 )May 27 –Sotsha Dlamini , 5th Prime Minister of Swaziland (d.2017 )May 29 –Farooq Leghari , 8thPresident of Pakistan (d.2010 )René Auberjonois Kip Thorne Constantine II of Greece SirTom Jones Nancy Sinatra Wilma Rudolph June 1 June 2 –Constantine II of Greece (d.2023 )[ 67] June 4 June 7 June 8 –Nancy Sinatra , American singerJune 9 –Barry McDonald , Papua New Guinea-Australian rugby union player (d.2020 )June 13 –Bobby Freeman , American singer, songwriter (d.2017 )June 14 –Jack Bannon , American actor (d.2017 )[ 69] June 16 June 17 June 18 –Phillip E. Johnson , American lawyer and author (d.2019 )June 20 June 21 –Michael Ruse , British-Canadian philosopher (d.2024 )June 22 June 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 –Jerry Fujio , Japanese singer, actor and tarento (d.2021 )June 27 –Anil Karanjai , Indian painter of theHungry generation movement (d.2001 )June 28 June 29 –Vyacheslav Artyomov , Russian composerJune 30 –Neelo , Indian actress (d.2021 )Jerzy Buzek Nursultan Nazarbayev SirRingo Starr SirPatrick Stewart Fontella Bass Hanako, Princess Hitachi July 1 July 2 July 3 Lamar Alexander , American politicianFontella Bass , African-American soul singer ("Rescue Me ") (d.2012 )Jerzy Buzek , Polish politician, 8thPrime Minister of Poland Michael Cole , American actor ("The Mod Squad ") (d.2024 )Jose Alberto Laboy , Puerto Rican Major League Baseball playerLance Larson , American competition swimmer, Olympic champion and world record-holder in four eventsChuck Sieminski , American football player (d.2020 )César Tovar , Venezuelan baseball player (d.1994 )Mario Zanin , Italian cyclistJuly 4 July 5 July 6 July 7 July 9 –Herminia Roman , Filipino politicianJuly 10 July 13 July 15 –Johnny Seay , American country music singer (d.2016 )July 17 –Francisco Toledo , Mexican painter, sculptor and graphic artist (d.2019 )July 18 July 19 July 22 July 26 –Mary Jo Kopechne , American aide toTed Kennedy (d.1969 )July 27 July 30 –Clive Sinclair , English inventor (d.2021 )[ 72] Martin Sheen Jean-Luc Dehaene Jack Thompson August 1 –Ram Loevy , Israeli screenwriter, directorAugust 3 –Martin Sheen , American actor, father ofCharlie Sheen August 7 August 8 –Dilip Sardesai , Indian cricketer (d.2007 )August 10 –Bobby Hatfield , American singer (The Righteous Brothers 2003 )August 12 –Tony Allen , Nigerian Afrobeat drummer (d.2020 )August 13 August 14 August 17 –Joseph Pairin Kitingan , Malaysian politician, Chief Minister OfSabah August 19 August 20 August 23 August 25 –José van Dam , Belgian bass-baritoneAugust 26 –Michel Micombero , 1st President of Burundi (d.1983 )August 27 –Sonny Sharrock , American jazz musician (d.1994 )August 28 –Joseph Shabalala , South African choral director (Ladysmith Black Mambazo 2020 )August 29 –Wim Ruska , Dutch wrestler, martial artist (d.2015 )August 31 –Jack Thompson , Australian actorRaquel Welch Brian De Palma Linda Gray Óscar Arias Frankie Avalon Michel Temer September 1 September 3 September 5 –Raquel Welch , American actress (d.2023 )[ 75] September 6 September 7 September 10 September 11 September 12 September 13 –Óscar Arias , Costa Rican politician, twicePresident of Costa Rica ,Nobel Peace Prize laureateSeptember 14 September 18 –Frankie Avalon , American singer and actorSeptember 19 –Paul Williams , American songwriter, singer and actorSeptember 20 –Tarō Asō , 59thPrime Minister of Japan September 22 –Anna Karina , Danish-French actress (d.2019 )September 23 September 24 –Michiko Suganuma ,Urushi Japanese lacquer artistSeptember 27 –Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah , emir of KuwaitJohn Lennon SirMichael Gambon Pelé October 1 October 3 –Mike Troy , American swimmer (d.2019 )October 4 –Ian Kiernan , Australian yachtsman (d.2018 )October 5 –Milena Dravić , Serbian actress (d.2018 )October 6 –John Warnock , American computer scientist, co-foundedAdobe Inc. (d.2023 )October 9 –John Lennon , English musician, singer-songwriter (The Beatles ) (d.1980 )October 13 –Pharoah Sanders , American saxophonist (d.2022 )October 14 –Cliff Richard , British pop musician, actor and philanthropistOctober 15 –Peter Doherty , Australian immunologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine October 16 October 17 –Peter Stringfellow , English businessman, nightclub owner (d.2018 )October 18 –Győző Kulcsár , Hungarian fencer (d.2018 )October 19 –Sir Michael Gambon , British-Irish actor (d.2023 )October 20 –Robert Pinsky , American poet, essayist, literary critic and translator,United States Poet Laureate October 21 October 23 –Pelé , Brazilian footballer (d.2022 )October 24 –Yossi Sarid , Israeli politician (d.2015 )October 25 October 27 –John Gotti , American gangster (d.2002 )October 29 October 30 –Hidetoshi Nagasawa , Japanese sculptor, architect (d.2018 )Qaboos bin Said Bruce Lee November 5 –Jaime Roldós Aguilera , 33rdPresident of Ecuador (1979–1981) (d.1981 )November 12 –Donald Wuerl , American archbishopNovember 15 November 17 –Luke Kelly , Irish ballad singer (d.1984 )November 18 –Qaboos bin Said ,Sultan of Oman (d.2020 )November 20 –Helma Sanders-Brahms , German film director (d.2014 )November 21 –Richard Marcinko , U.S. Navy SEAL team member, author (d.2021 )November 22 November 25 –Joe Gibbs , American football coachNovember 27 –Bruce Lee , Chinese-American martial artist, actor (d.1973 )November 29 –Chuck Mangione , American flugelhorn player (d.2025 )Richard Pryor Dionne Warwick Frank Zappa
January 1 –Fusajiro Yamauchi , Japanese business executive (b.1868 )[citation needed January 4 –Flora Finch , English-born actress, comedian (b.1867 )January 9 –Alex Bennett , Scottish footballer (b.1881 )January 15 –Kallirhoe Parren , founder of the Greek women's movement (b.1861 )January 18 –Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer , Polish poet, writer (b.1865 )January 20 –Omar Bundy , U.S. Army general (b.1861 )January 22 –Edwin Carewe , Native American director (b.1883 )January 27 –Isaac Babel , Ukrainian writer (executed) (b.1894 )January 29 –Nedo Nadi , Italian fencer (b.1894 )[ 77] Gunnar Höckert Michael Hainisch Selma Lagerlöf Spyridon Louis March 1 –A. H. Tammsaare , Estonian writer (b.1878 )March 5 March 10 –Mikhail Bulgakov , Russian writer (b.1891 )March 16 March 18 –Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston , British army general (b.1864 )March 20 –Alfred Ploetz , German physician, biologist and eugenicist (b.1860 )March 23 –Dimitar Stanchov , 15thPrime Minister of Bulgaria (b.1863 )March 24 –Thomas Adams , British urban planner (b.1871 )March 26 –Spyridon Louis , Greek Olympic athlete (b.1873 )March 27 March 30 –Sir George Egerton , British admiral (b.1852 )March 31 –Tinsley Lindley , English footballer (b.1865 )Carl Bosch April 1 –J. A. Hobson , English economist (b.1858 )April 5 April 7 –William Faversham , English actor (b.1868 )[ 80] April 8 –Joaquin Mir Trinxet , Spanish artist (b.1873 )April 9 April 10 –Bernard Warburton-Lee , British naval officer,Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b.1895 )April 18 –Florrie Forde , Australian-born music hall singer (b.1875 )[ 82] April 21 –George Barnes , British Labour politician (b.1859 )April 26 –Carl Bosch , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (b.1874 )[ 83] April 28 –Luisa Tetrazzini , Italian opera singer (b.1871 )April 30 –Henryk Dobrzański , Polish soldier, sportsman and resistance fighter (b.1897 )Prince Wilhelm of Prussia Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse May 2 –Ernest Joyce , English explorer (b. 1875)[ 84] May 7 –George Lansbury , British Labour politician (b. 1859)May 11 –Chujiro Hayashi , Japanese Reiki Master (b. 1880)May 14 May 16 –Zhang Zizhong , general of the ChineseNational Revolutionary Army (b.1891 )May 20 –Verner von Heidenstam , Swedish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (b.1859 )May 24 –Louis Fles , Dutch businessman, activist and author (b.1872 )May 25 –Joe De Grasse , Canadian film director (b.1873 )May 26 –Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (b.1906 )May 27 –Bolesław Roja , Polish general (executed) (b.1876 )May 28 May 29 –Mary Anderson , American stage actress (b.1859 )Arthur Harden Janusz Kusocinski Paul Klee June 7 June 10 June 11 –Alfred S. Alschuler , Americanarchitect (b.1876 )June 13 –George Fitzmaurice , American director (b.1885 )June 12 –William Lashly , English sailor (b.1867 )June 14 June 17 –Sir Arthur Harden , English chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (b.1865 )June 19 –Maurice Jaubert , French composer (b.1900 )June 20 –Charley Chase , American comedian (b.1893 )June 21 June 22 June 15 –J. B. Johnson , American attorney and politician (b.1868 )June 28 –Italo Balbo , Italian Fascist leader (b.1896 )June 29 –Paul Klee , Swiss artist (b.1879 )Leon Trotsky Paul Nipkow J. J. Thomson Charles de Broqueville Nicolae Iorga Kyosti Kallio F. Scott Fitzgerald December 2 –Nikolai Koltsov , Russian biologist, genetist (b.1872 )December 5 –Jan Kubelík , Czech violinist (b.1880 )December 13 –Wilfred Lucas , Canadian-born American actor (b.1871 )December 14 –Anton Korošec , Slovenian political leader (b.1872 )December 15 –Billy Hamilton , American baseball player,MLB Hall of Famer (b.1866 )December 16 –Eugène Dubois , Dutch paleoanthropologist, geologist (b.1858 )December 19 –Kyösti Kallio , Finnish farmerman, banker, 8thPrime Minister of Finland and 4thPresident of Finland (b.1873 )December 21 –F. Scott Fitzgerald , American writer (b.1896 )December 22 –Nathanael West , American writer (b.1903 )December 23 –Eddie August Schneider , American aviator (b.1911 )December 25 –Agnes Ayres , American actress (b.1898 )December 26 –Daniel Frohman , American theater producer (b.1851 )^ "Definitions Of Our Year | Calendars" . RetrievedMarch 9, 2020 .^ Krebs, Albin (April 2, 1970)."Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, Soviet War Hero, Dead at 75" .The New York Times . RetrievedDecember 24, 2022 . ^ Jussila, Osmo (1999).From Grand Duchy to a modern state: a political history of Finland since 1809 . London; Carbondale, IL: Hurst & Company Distributed in North America by Southern Illinois University Press. p. 184.ISBN 9781850655282 ^ "Report".The China Weekly Review .90– 91: 363. ^ Morris, Willie (1996).The Development of the Saxophone Compositions of Paul Creston (DMA thesis). University of Missouri–Kansas City. pp. 116– 117.OCLC 35239809 . ^ Willi Frischaur & Robert Jackson (1955).The Altmark Affair . New York, NY:Macmillan . p. 246. ^ Kamen, Martin D. (1963). "Early History of Carbon-14".Science 140 (3567):584– 590.Bibcode :1963Sci...140..584K .doi :10.1126/science.140.3567.584 .JSTOR 1710512 .PMID 17737092 . ^ Grant, Charles (1972).Royal Scots Greys . Reading: Osprey. p. 33.ISBN 0850450594 ^ Burgwyn, H (1997).Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918-1940 . Westport, Conn: Praeger. p. 211.ISBN 9780275948771 ^ Muggenthaler, August Karl (1977).German Raiders of WWII . Prentice-Hall. p. 14.ISBN 978-0-13-354027-7 ^ O'Hara, Vincent P. (2004).The German fleet at war, 1939–1945 . Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 32.ISBN 978-1-59114-651-3 ^ Cox, Karen L. (April 21, 2023)."Rhythm Night Club Fire: Tragedy Devastated Young Black Natchez" .Mississippi Free Press . RetrievedSeptember 23, 2025 . ^ pixelstorm (May 13, 1940)."Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat" .International Churchill Society . RetrievedAugust 8, 2025 . ^ "First official list of victims of Rotterdam bombing published after 82 years" .DutchNews.nl . April 12, 2022.Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. RetrievedApril 12, 2022 .^ Trossarelli, L. (2010)."the history of nylon" . Club Alpino Italiano, Centro Studi Materiali e Tecniche. Archived fromthe original on April 25, 2012. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2012 . ^ A Selected Who's who in Vichy, France, June 1940-August 1944 . United States. Office of Strategic Services. Research and Analysis Branch. 1944. p. 303.^ "HMS Keith, destroyer" .www.naval-history.net .^ Borgersrud, Lars (1995)."Nøytralitetsvakt" . InDahl, Hans Fredrik ;Hjeltnes, Guri ;Nøkleby, Berit ;Ringdal, Nils Johan ;Sørensen, Øystein (eds.).Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-1945 ISBN 978-82-02-14138-7 . RetrievedJune 29, 2012 .^ "Stab in the Back" [dead link ^ "Lancastria's end told by survivors; Italian and Nazi Planes Said to Have Shot at Swimmers and Fired Oily Waters; Many Caught Below Deck; Rescue Craft Reported Set Ablaze; Victims Include Women and Children" .The New York Times . July 26, 1940. RetrievedMay 22, 2010 .^ Hooton, E. R. (2007).Luftwaffe at War: Blitzkrieg in the West . London: Chevron/Ian Allan. p. 88.ISBN 978-1-85780-272-6 ^ Mawson, Gillian (2012).Guernsey Evacuees: The Forgotten Evacuees of the Second World War . History Press.ISBN 9780752470191 ^ "Hitler Picture: Hitler in Paris" .20th Century History . About.com. Archived fromthe original on October 5, 2008. RetrievedMarch 25, 2013 .^a b Draper, Alfred (1979).Operation Fish: The Fight to Save the Gold of Britain, France and Norway from the Nazis . Don Mills: General Publishing.ISBN 9780773600683 ^ The Alien Registration Act, 1940 .^ Breuer, William B. (2008).Top Secret Tales of World War II . Book Sales. p. 62.ISBN 9780785819516 ^ Delmer, Sefton.Black Boomerang . ^ "Arrested Britons Charged With Espionage" .The Straits Times . RetrievedDecember 13, 2024 .^ Bloch, Michael (1982).The Duke of Windsor's War . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN 978-0-297-77947-6 ^ Jay Miller (1980). "The Scorpion".Air University Review .31 (5): 45. ^ "Trotsky Injured in Attack on Home; Leon Trotsky and Home in Mexico Where He Was Attacked" .The New York Times . May 25, 1940.Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. RetrievedJuly 23, 2018 .^ Drews, Jürgen (March 2000). "Drug Discovery: a Historical Perspective".Science 287 (5460):1960– 4.Bibcode :2000Sci...287.1960D .doi :10.1126/science.287.5460.1960 .PMID 10720314 .S2CID 1827304 . ^ Robertson, Patrick (1974).The Shell Book of Firsts . London: Ebury Press. p. 124. ^ Hayward, James (2001).The Bodies on the Beach: Sealion, Shingle Street and the burning sea myth of 1940 . Dereham, Norfolk: CD41.ISBN 0-9540549-0-3 ^ "1940" .World War II Database . RetrievedDecember 11, 2015 .^a b McKinstry, Leo (2014).Operation Sealion . London: John Murray.ISBN 978-1-84854-698-1 ^ Muggenthaler, August Karl (1977).German Raiders of WWII . Prentice-Hall. p. 58.ISBN 978-0-13-354027-7 ^ "Events occurring on Tuesday, September 17, 1940" .WW2 Timelines . 2011. Archived fromthe original on September 20, 2019. RetrievedDecember 11, 2015 .^ Hata, Ikuhiko (1980). "The Army's Move into Northern Indochina". In Morley, James W. (ed.).The Fateful Choice: Japan's Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941 . New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 155– 163.^ "Scrap Ban Backed by Steel Trade".The New York Times . September 27, 1940. p. 4. ^ Ntoma Mengome, Barthélémy (2013).La bataille de Libreville: De Gaulle contre Pétain: 50 morts . Paris: L'Harmattan. ^ Estonia's famous "leaning house" displays Georgian artists' work – Agenda.ge^ Hsu Long-hsuen, Chang Ming-kai (1972).History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) . Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung (2nd ed.). Taipei: Chung Wu Publishing. pp. 311– 18,325– 27. ^ "ANSUL Fire School" .onlinetechxchange.com . Johnson Controls. RetrievedJune 27, 2023 .^ "Srinivasa Varadhan" . Archived fromthe original on November 5, 2016.^ "Obituary: Paolo Borsellino" .Independent.co.uk the original on June 12, 2018. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2022 .The Independent , 21 July 1992.^ Royster, Jacqueline Jones (2003).Profiles of Ohio Women, 1803-2003 . Ohio University Press. p. 204.ISBN 9780821415085 ^ Coveney, Michael (January 28, 2017)."Sir John Hurt obituary" .The Guardian . RetrievedJanuary 29, 2017 .^ "James Cromwell Biography" .TV Guide the original on September 12, 2015.^ Anderson, Tre'vell (July 16, 2017)."George A. Romero, 'Night of the Living Dead' creator, dies at 77" .Los Angeles Times . RetrievedDecember 1, 2020 . ^ "Tom Brokaw Biography: News Anchor, Journalist (1940–)" .Biography.com (A&E Networks ) . Archived fromthe original on May 15, 2013. RetrievedJune 25, 2013 .^ Attridge, Derek (2004).J. M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the Event 94 .ISBN 978-0-226-03117-0 ^ Doyle, Martin (May 13, 2021)."Seamus Deane, leading Irish writer and critic, has died aged 81" .The Irish Times . RetrievedMay 13, 2021 . ^ Blake, Jason:Aussie bloke of screen was larger than life Archived 24 May 2011 at theWayback Machine ,The Sydney Morning Herald , 23 May 2011. ^ "Mario Andretti" .Encyclopædia Britannica . RetrievedSeptember 18, 2020 .^ Richard Williams (September 12, 2012)."Joe South obituary" .The Guardian . RetrievedAugust 8, 2023 . ^ National Basketball Association Official Guide . Sporting News. 1968. p. 129.^ "David Holford passes at 82" .www.nationnews.com . May 31, 2022.^ "Margrethe II | queen of Denmark | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . RetrievedMay 4, 2022 .^ "Joseph L. Goldstein – Biographical" .Nobelprize.org . RetrievedFebruary 24, 2022 .^ Schudel, Matt (December 29, 2017)."Sue Grafton, author of best-selling 'alphabet' mysteries, dies at 77" .The Washington Post Archived from the original on December 30, 2017. RetrievedDecember 30, 2017 . ^ "PSP's Tan Cheng Bock turns 85; SDP's Paul Tambyah joins celebration at Teban Gardens" .AsiaOne . April 26, 2025. RetrievedApril 26, 2025 .^ "Mantan Bupati Wonogiri Oemarsono Meninggal Dunia" . May 23, 2022.^ "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/50941 .(Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ "Emilio Delgado, Long-Time Sesame Street Star, Dies at 81" . March 10, 2022.^ "René Auberjonois, 'Star Trek' and 'Benson' Actor, Dies at 79" .The Hollywood Reporter . December 8, 2019.^ "Constantine II | king of Greece" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedJanuary 31, 2021 .^ Billington, Michael (February 26, 2021)."Ronald Pickup: a theatrical great from a golden generation" .The Guardian . RetrievedApril 18, 2021 . ^ "Jack Bannon, Cool-Headed Co-Star of 'Lou Grant,' Dies at 77" .The New York Times Associated Press . October 27, 2017.^ Gates, Anita (February 6, 2018)."John Mahoney, Actor Best Known for 'Frasier,' Dies at 77" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 2, 2021 . ^ "Alex Trebek Biography: Game Show Host, Philanthropist (1940–)" .Biography.com FYI /A&E Networks .Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. RetrievedOctober 6, 2016 .^ "Sir Clive Sinclair obituary" The Times ^ Wilson, Guy (2018)."John Waller — A Life Remembered" .Arms & Armour 15 (2).Royal Armouries :113– 121.doi :10.1080/17416124.2018.1522141 ^ "French author Annie Ernaux wins 2022 Nobel Prize for Literature" .Onmanorama . October 6, 2022. RetrievedOctober 6, 2022 .^ Smith, Harrison; Rosenwald, Michael S.; Langer, Emily (February 15, 2023)."Raquel Welch, 1960s film star and sex symbol, dies at 82" .The Washington Post . RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023 . ^ "MILESTONES: December 30 birthdays for LeBron James, Eliza Dushku, Sandy Koufax" .Brooklyn Eagle . December 30, 2020.^ Nedo Nadi ^ "JOSEPH SWICKARD; Veteran Screen Actor, 73, Had Roles in Many Productions" .The New York Times . March 3, 1940. RetrievedJuly 30, 2021 .^ "Engineering Timelines - Robert Maillart" .www.engineering-timelines.com .^ "William Faversham" .Oxford Reference .^ Michael Billington (2001).Stage and Screen Lives ISBN 978-0-19-860407-5 ^ "Fabulous Florrie Forde | Stage Whispers" .www.stagewhispers.com.au .^ "Carl Bosch | German chemist" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedDecember 9, 2017 .^ Tyler-Lewis, Kelly :The Lost Men Bloomsbury Publishing, London, p. 263. 2007ISBN 978-0-7475-7972-4 ^ Taussig, Michael (April 13, 2010).Walter Benjamin's Grave ISBN 978-0226790008 ^ "Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky" .www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org .^ "Cyclisme : Henri Desgrange, l'accoucheur du Tour" .Eurosport . August 16, 2020.^ "Robert Hichens : Titanic Quartermaster (Survivor)" .www.encyclopedia-titanica.org .^ Witte, Bernd (1991).Walter Benjamin: An Intellectual Biography (English translation) 9 .ISBN 0-8143-2018-X Bloch, Leon Bryce and Lamar Middleton, ed.The World Over in 1940 (1941) detailed coverage of world eventsonline free ; 914pp
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
