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1938 United States elections

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1938 United States elections
Senate elections
←1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 → Midterm elections
Election day	November 8
Incumbent president	Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic)
Next Congress	76th
Overall control	Democratic hold
Seats contested	36 of 96 seats (32 Class 3 seats + 6 special elections)^[1]
Net seat change	Republican +8^[2]

1938 Senate election results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold
House elections
Overall control	Democratic hold
Seats contested	All 435 voting seats
Popular vote margin	Democratic +1.2%
Net seat change	Republican +81

1938 House election results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested	33
Net seat change	Republican +12

1938 gubernatorial election results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold

Elections were held on November 8, 1938, in the middle ofDemocratic PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt's second term. The Democratic Party lost 72 seats, mostly to theRepublican Party, in theHouse of Representatives. The Democrats also lost eight seats to the Republicans in theU.S. Senate.^[3] Despite these heavy losses, the Democrats maintained control ofCongress.

The election was a defeat for Roosevelt, as theconservative coalition (an alliance of Republicans and Southern Democrats) took control of Congress and stymied Roosevelt'sdomestic agenda. Roosevelt had campaigned openly against members of his own party who had not supported theNew Deal, but Roosevelt's preferred candidates met with little success across the country. The election took place in the aftermath of therecession of 1937–38 and the defeat of theJudicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 ("the court-packing plan"), and President Roosevelt was at the nadir of his popularity. Republicans picked up congressional seats for the first time since the start of theGreat Depression, and few new major domestic programs became law until the advent of theGreat Society in the 1960s.^[4]

References

[edit]

^Two Class 3 seats held both a regularly-scheduled election and a special election in 1938. These two seats are not double-counted for the total number of seats contested.
^Republicans picked up seven seats in the regularly-scheduled elections and won an additional seat in the special elections.
^"Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1938"(PDF). U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. RetrievedDecember 28, 2011.
^Busch, Andrew (1999).Horses in Midstream. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 122–126.

Carson, Jamie L. "Electoral and Partisan Forces in the Roosevelt Era: The US Congressional Elections of 1938."Congress & the Presidency 28#2 (2001) 161–183https://doi.org/10.1080/07343460109507751
Dunn, Susan (2010).Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party.ISBN 978-0674057173. (Excerpt and text search)
Plesur, Milton (1962). "The Republican Congressional Comeback of 1938".Review of Politics.24 (4):525–562.doi:10.1017/S0034670500012419.JSTOR 1405361.S2CID 145405461.
Price, Charles M.; Boskin, Joseph (1966). "The Roosevelt 'Purge': A Reappraisal".Journal of Politics.28 (3):660–670.doi:10.2307/2128161.JSTOR 2128161.S2CID 154528656.
Savage, Sean J. (1991). "Chapter 6".Roosevelt, the Party Leader, 1932-1945. pp. 129–158.ISBN 0813130794. (Excerpt and text search); alsoin JSTOR

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