| ←1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 → Midterm elections | |
| Election day | November 4 |
|---|---|
| Incumbent president | Herbert Hoover (Republican) |
| Next Congress | 72nd |
| Senate elections | |
| Overall control | Republican hold |
| Seats contested | 35 of 96 seats (32 Class 2 seats + 7 special elections)[1] |
| Net seat change | Democratic +8[2] |
 | |
| 1930 Senate election results Democratic gain Democratic hold | |
| House elections | |
| Overall control | Democratic gain[3] |
| Seats contested | All 435 voting seats |
| Popular vote margin | Republican +8.5% |
| Net seat change | Democratic +52 |
 | |
| Gubernatorial elections | |
| Seats contested | 33 |
| Net seat change | Democratic +7 |
 | |
| 1930 gubernatorial election results Democratic gain Democratic hold | |
Elections were held on November 4, 1930, in the middle of Republican PresidentHerbert Hoover's term. Taking place shortly after the start of theGreat Depression, theRepublican Party suffered substantial losses. The election was the last of theFourth Party System, and marked the first time since1918 that Democrats controlled either chamber of Congress.[4][5]
The Republicans lost fifty-two seats to theDemocratic Party in theHouse of Representatives. While the Republicans maintained a one-seat majority after the polls closed, they lost a number ofspecial elections (since some Republican members died) before the start of the new Congress. This allowed the Democrats to take control of the chamber.[4]
The Republicans also lost eight seats to the Democrats in theU.S. Senate, but were able to narrowly maintain control.[6]
The election was a victory forprogressives of both parties, as Republicans closely aligned with Hoover lost several Congressional elections. The72nd United States Congress passed some significant pieces of legislation that were signed by President Hoover. Additionally, New York GovernorFranklin D. Roosevelt's landslidere-election established him as the front-runner for the1932 Democratic nomination.[7]
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