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1924 United States presidential election in Texas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:1924 United States presidential election
1924 United States presidential election in Texas

← 1920November 4, 19241928 →
 
NomineeJohn W. DavisCalvin CoolidgeRobert M. La Follette
PartyDemocraticRepublicanProgressive
Home stateWest VirginiaMassachusettsWisconsin
Running mateCharles W. BryanCharles G. DawesBurton K. Wheeler
Electoral vote2000
Popular vote484,605130,02342,881
Percentage73.70%19.78%6.52%

County Results

Davis

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Coolidge

  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%

La Follette

  50–60%
  70–80%


President before election

Calvin Coolidge
Republican

Elected President

Calvin Coolidge
Republican

Elections in Texas
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The1924 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the1924 United States presidential election. State voters chose 20 representatives, or electors, to theElectoral College, who voted forpresident andvice president.

Ever since statehood,Texas had been very nearly the strongest state for theDemocratic Party owing to its initial history being as aDeep South state based aroundslavery. Even during Reconstruction when African-Americans were briefly enfranchised, theRepublican Party won just one statewide election, and afterRedemption and the passing of a new constitution in 1876 the GOP became confined largely to areas of abolitionist German refugee settlement inthe Hill Country,[1] and to a few South Texas counties where local Republican bosses could until 1920 outcompete their Democratic equivalents.[2] TheTerrell Election Law created a poll tax that, from 1902, disenfranchised virtually all remaining African-American voters, the vast majority ofMexican Americans, and also most poor whites.[3] Voter turnout among males over twenty-one fell from over eighty percent to under thirty percent following the poll tax.[4]

The period following this disfranchisement nonetheless saw a considerable amount of typically "Progressive" reform underGovernorsJames Stephen Hogg andThomas M. Campbell, and despite this progressive faction ceding power in 1906 to the conservatives, Texas proved solid in its support for progressive candidateWoodrow Wilson at the1912 Democratic National Convention.[5] Another populist, James Ferguson, took the governorship in 1914 on an anti-Prohibition platform, but was impeached for misappropriation of public funds.[6]

1916 had seen DemocratWoodrow Wilson establish firmer control over the machine-dominated areas of South Texas, but hostility towards Wilson's peace promises caused some losses amongst the German population.[7] Later Wilson became hated by German and Irish Americans for his entry into the war, his role in drafting theTreaty of Versailles and supporting many anti-German groups during the "Red Scare".[8] HisLeague of Nations proposal was also opposed in the South where isolationism had long been very powerful,[9] but the reaction was much less pronounced than inAcadiana or theOzarks.[9]

At the beginning of the campaign, the victory in the tantamount-to-election Democratic primary for Governor ofMiriam A. Ferguson in opposition to the powerfulKu Klux Klan produced substantial doubt about whether Democratic nomineeJohn W. Davis ofWest Virginia would maintain evenJames M. Cox’s reduced vote share from1920,[10] with suggestions some of her supporters would back incumbent Republican presidentCalvin Coolidge orProgressive nomineeRobert M. La Follette.

Results

[edit]
1924 United States presidential election in Texas[11][a]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJohn W. Davis484,60573.70%
RepublicanCalvin Coolidge (incumbent)130,02319.78%
ProgressiveRobert M. La Follette42,8816.52%
Total votes657,509100%

Results by county

[edit]
1924 United States presidential election in Texas by county[12][13]
CountyJohn William Davis
Democratic
John Calvin Coolidge
Republican
Robert M. La Follette
Progressive
MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%
Anderson37431.40%56247.19%25521.41%-188-15.79%1,191
Andrews6084.51%79.86%45.63%5374.65%71
Angelina3,91488.57%3337.54%1723.89%3,58181.04%4,419
Aransas19570.14%7526.98%82.88%12043.17%278
Archer88379.05%14613.07%887.88%73765.98%1,117
Armstrong42676.62%10619.06%244.32%32057.55%556
Atascosa86962.56%30321.81%21715.62%56640.75%1,389
Austin2,60171.71%45712.60%56915.69%2,032[b]56.02%3,627
Bailey16666.40%6325.20%218.40%10341.20%250
Bandera42546.00%44247.84%576.17%-17-1.84%924
Bastrop2,71178.53%49414.31%2477.16%2,21764.22%3,452
Baylor1,01287.02%13511.61%161.38%87775.41%1,163
Bee89745.14%94447.51%1467.35%-47-2.37%1,987
Bell7,27376.91%1,63217.26%5525.84%5,64159.65%9,457
Bexar10,83843.88%9,89840.07%3,96316.05%9403.81%24,699
Blanco58654.36%31729.41%17516.23%26924.95%1,078
Borden7342.69%9857.31%00.00%-25-14.62%171
Bosque2,52483.94%40313.40%802.66%2,12170.54%3,007
Bowie3,45577.40%74016.58%2696.03%2,71560.82%4,464
Brazoria1,76158.82%1,11437.21%1193.97%64721.61%2,994
Brazos2,12887.07%25510.43%612.50%1,87376.64%2,444
Brewster36673.20%11322.60%214.20%25350.60%500
Briscoe39783.40%5311.13%265.46%34472.27%476
Brooks20576.49%5922.01%41.49%14654.48%268
Brown3,46787.48%3969.99%1002.52%3,07177.49%3,963
Burleson2,49690.96%2248.16%240.87%2,27282.80%2,744
Burnet1,72583.74%27713.45%582.82%1,44870.29%2,060
Caldwell2,19478.44%39914.27%2047.29%1,79564.18%2,797
Calhoun68676.05%18120.07%353.88%50555.99%902
Callahan1,61482.94%24412.54%884.52%1,37070.40%1,946
Cameron2,22560.68%1,26634.52%1764.80%95926.15%3,667
Camp1,18683.76%18713.21%433.04%99970.55%1,416
Carson61164.18%30632.14%353.68%30532.04%952
Cass2,12566.18%99731.05%892.77%1,12835.13%3,211
Castro21959.35%6818.43%8222.22%137[b]37.13%369
Chambers31557.80%21940.18%112.02%9617.61%545
Cherokee4,34385.17%66613.06%901.77%3,67772.11%5,099
Childress1,11781.77%17813.03%715.20%93968.74%1,366
Clay1,40276.49%31817.35%1136.16%1,08459.14%1,833
Cochran5981.94%912.50%45.56%5069.44%72
Coke67387.86%8010.44%131.70%59377.42%766
Coleman2,76382.70%50215.03%762.27%2,26167.67%3,341
Collin7,21577.04%1,98121.15%1691.80%5,23455.89%9,365
Collingsworth73173.99%23423.68%232.33%49750.30%988
Colorado2,10566.57%68121.54%37611.89%1,42445.03%3,162
Comal33013.39%31212.66%1,82373.96%-1,493[b]-60.57%2,465
Comanche37639.75%45648.20%11412.05%-80-8.46%946
Concho66885.53%9011.52%232.94%57874.01%781
Cooke3,17077.58%52512.85%3919.57%2,64564.73%4,086
Coryell2,89085.28%42912.66%702.07%2,46172.62%3,389
Cottle58088.15%598.97%192.89%52179.18%658
Crockett6937.91%11261.54%10.55%-43-23.63%182
Crosby1,24279.92%27817.89%342.19%96462.03%1,554
Culberson9379.49%1512.82%97.69%7866.67%117
Dallam50648.42%25424.31%28527.27%221[b]21.15%1,045
Dallas30,20776.99%8,01820.43%1,0122.58%22,18956.55%39,237
Dawson1,07983.06%18514.24%352.69%89468.82%1,299
De Witt2,13156.21%86822.90%79220.89%1,26333.32%3,791
Deaf Smith53870.51%19225.16%334.33%34645.35%763
Delta2,18680.49%47917.64%511.88%1,70762.85%2,716
Denton4,70881.10%71212.27%3856.63%3,99668.84%5,805
Dickens84983.24%16115.78%100.98%68867.45%1,020
Dimmit28958.62%18036.51%244.87%10922.11%493
Donley89372.37%27322.12%685.51%62050.24%1,234
Duval[c]1,29092.14%896.36%211.50%1,20185.79%1,400
Eastland4,54880.04%97217.11%1622.85%3,57662.94%5,682
Ector13889.03%127.74%53.23%12681.29%155
Edwards20436.17%34661.35%142.48%-142-25.18%564
El Paso[c]6,22054.90%4,07835.99%1,0329.11%2,14218.91%11,330
Ellis7,67884.93%1,22013.50%1421.57%6,45871.44%9,040
Erath3,39685.89%40610.27%1523.84%2,99075.62%3,954
Falls2,81781.51%44812.96%1915.53%2,36968.55%3,456
Fannin5,59686.60%65310.11%2133.30%4,94376.49%6,462
Fayette3,85159.66%1,45022.46%1,15417.88%2,40137.20%6,455
Fisher1,65382.12%30215.00%582.88%1,35167.11%2,013
Floyd1,19785.99%16611.93%292.08%1,03174.07%1,392
Foard58581.82%9513.29%354.90%49068.53%715
Fort Bend1,69075.11%35615.82%2049.07%1,33459.29%2,250
Franklin1,15786.60%1188.83%614.57%1,03977.77%1,336
Freestone2,48478.31%60819.17%802.52%1,87659.14%3,172
Frio63778.84%15819.55%131.61%47959.28%808
Gaines34277.55%378.39%6214.06%280[b]63.49%441
Galveston5,06866.52%1,91225.10%6398.39%3,15641.42%7,619
Garza58862.29%33135.06%252.65%25727.22%944
Gillespie35213.03%76828.42%1,58258.55%-814[d]-30.13%2,702
Glasscock8981.65%1412.84%65.50%7568.81%109
Goliad73354.99%43832.86%16212.15%29522.13%1,333
Gonzales2,49975.96%46314.07%3289.97%2,03661.88%3,290
Gray60851.14%58148.86%00.00%272.27%1,189
Grayson7,41371.73%1,97319.09%9499.18%5,44052.64%10,335
Gregg1,28676.96%17710.59%20812.45%1,078[b]64.51%1,671
Grimes2,13691.09%1777.55%321.36%1,95983.54%2,345
Guadalupe83120.32%1,65740.52%1,60139.15%56[d]1.37%4,089
Hale1,44670.85%50724.84%884.31%93946.01%2,041
Hall1,06078.34%22916.93%644.73%83161.42%1,353
Hamilton2,03587.45%2028.68%903.87%1,83378.77%2,327
Hansford26372.45%7620.94%246.61%18751.52%363
Hardeman1,09978.05%25618.18%533.76%84359.87%1,408
Hardin1,51666.55%64528.31%1175.14%87138.24%2,278
Harris20,64863.57%8,95327.57%2,8788.86%11,69536.01%32,479
Harrison2,57378.88%46314.19%2266.93%2,11064.68%3,262
Hartley15664.20%6125.10%2610.70%9539.09%243
Haskell2,05078.66%42816.42%1284.91%1,62262.24%2,606
Hays1,61677.36%39418.86%793.78%1,22258.50%2,089
Hemphill40562.99%16725.97%7111.04%23837.01%643
Henderson3,81988.73%4059.41%801.86%3,41479.32%4,304
Hidalgo3,66275.16%99620.44%2144.39%2,66654.72%4,872
Hill5,77886.39%80712.07%1031.54%4,97174.33%6,688
Hockley6973.40%2021.28%55.32%4952.13%94
Hood1,07485.51%1229.71%604.78%95275.80%1,256
Hopkins4,15685.97%55711.52%1212.50%3,59974.45%4,834
Houston3,28986.92%45712.08%381.00%2,83274.84%3,784
Howard1,10076.02%18612.85%16111.13%91463.17%1,447
Hudspeth8459.15%3423.94%2416.90%5035.21%142
Hunt6,82887.43%83610.70%1461.87%5,99276.72%7,810
Hutchinson15967.95%6929.49%62.56%9038.46%234
Irion20571.18%7325.35%103.47%13245.83%288
Jack1,15478.50%29019.73%261.77%86458.78%1,470
Jackson75864.84%35430.28%574.88%40434.56%1,169
Jasper1,52688.77%17610.24%170.99%1,35078.53%1,719
Jeff Davis11763.59%4926.63%189.78%6836.96%184
Jefferson5,92555.09%4,34840.42%4834.49%1,57714.66%10,756
Jim Hogg13987.97%1912.03%00.00%12075.95%158
Jim Wells65465.93%21321.47%12512.60%44144.46%992
Johnson4,60079.85%85114.77%3105.38%3,74965.08%5,761
Jones3,01081.86%56615.39%1012.75%2,44466.47%3,677
Karnes1,72769.19%53121.27%2389.54%1,19647.92%2,496
Kaufman5,57385.33%88413.54%741.13%4,68971.80%6,531
Kendall13611.04%68955.93%40733.04%282[d]22.89%1,232
Kenedy6789.33%79.33%11.33%6080.00%75
Kent38681.43%8016.88%81.69%30664.56%474
Kerr73540.63%89249.31%18210.06%-157-8.68%1,809
Kimble46565.77%22331.54%192.69%24234.23%707
King8395.40%44.60%00.00%7990.80%87
Kinney14445.71%15850.16%134.13%-14-4.44%315
Kleberg72163.52%20618.15%20818.33%513[b]45.20%1,135
Knox1,39972.30%45523.51%814.19%94448.79%1,935
La Salle45884.66%7313.49%101.85%38571.16%541
Lamar5,22487.37%5969.97%1592.66%4,62877.40%5,979
Lamb35670.22%12123.87%305.92%23546.35%507
Lampasas1,59686.46%22812.35%221.19%1,36874.11%1,846
Lavaca3,29062.42%74614.15%1,23523.43%2,055[b]38.99%5,271
Lee1,56168.35%27111.87%45219.79%1,109[b]48.56%2,284
Leon2,00483.71%31112.99%793.30%1,69370.72%2,394
Liberty1,50668.80%63929.19%442.01%86739.61%2,189
Limestone4,86889.58%5239.62%430.79%4,34579.96%5,434
Lipscomb43045.31%40542.68%11412.01%252.63%949
Live Oak59657.20%35333.88%938.93%24323.32%1,042
Llano92886.17%888.17%615.66%84077.99%1,077
Loving1285.71%214.29%00.00%1071.43%14
Lubbock1,71073.93%41117.77%1928.30%1,29956.16%2,313
Lynn1,13175.35%31320.85%573.80%81854.50%1,501
Madison1,59291.34%1468.38%50.29%1,44682.96%1,743
Marion62058.99%34733.02%847.99%27325.98%1,051
Martin32776.76%9221.60%71.64%23555.16%426
Mason38453.48%17123.82%16322.70%21329.67%718
Matagorda1,35356.99%89337.62%1285.39%46019.38%2,374
Maverick19940.53%26153.16%316.31%-62-12.63%491
McCulloch1,32771.96%49526.84%221.19%83245.12%1,844
McLennan7,88273.52%2,38422.24%4554.24%5,49851.28%10,721
McMullen10948.88%11149.78%31.35%-2-0.90%223
Medina98643.26%81635.81%47720.93%1707.46%2,279
Menard30452.60%24742.73%274.67%579.86%578
Midland39989.26%449.84%40.89%35579.42%447
Milam5,08780.31%93014.68%3175.00%4,15765.63%6,334
Mills1,28985.08%17511.55%513.37%1,11473.53%1,515
Mitchell1,24285.89%16911.69%352.42%1,07374.20%1,446
Montague2,23668.40%58617.93%44713.67%1,65050.47%3,269
Montgomery1,50088.81%1669.83%231.36%1,33478.98%1,689
Moore8289.13%99.78%11.09%7379.35%92
Morris[c]96481.76%21518.24%00.00%74963.53%1,179
Motley45386.29%6211.81%101.90%39174.48%525
Nacogdoches3,41893.16%2045.56%471.28%3,21487.60%3,669
Navarro6,40885.66%99613.31%771.03%5,41272.34%7,481
Newton78282.49%14515.30%212.22%63767.19%948
Nolan1,42177.23%33718.32%824.46%1,08458.91%1,840
Nueces[c]3,21465.89%1,53731.51%1272.60%1,67734.38%4,878
Ochiltree35262.63%15527.58%559.79%19735.05%562
Oldham18768.75%7126.10%145.15%11642.65%272
Orange1,38571.65%50926.33%392.02%87645.32%1,933
Palo Pinto1,92673.20%47317.98%2328.82%1,45355.23%2,631
Panola2,08893.51%1195.33%261.16%1,96988.18%2,233
Parker2,39180.26%43814.70%1505.04%1,95365.56%2,979
Parmer21462.76%9126.69%3610.56%12336.07%341
Pecos44066.47%19229.00%304.53%24837.46%662
Polk1,83985.85%27212.70%311.45%1,56773.16%2,142
Potter2,39462.82%83121.81%58615.38%1,56341.01%3,811
Presidio26776.72%6819.54%133.74%19957.18%348
Rains89981.88%15113.75%484.37%74868.12%1,098
Randall62774.20%15418.22%647.57%47355.98%845
Reagan11177.08%3121.53%21.39%8055.56%144
Real18837.75%30060.24%102.01%-112-22.49%498
Red River3,18389.84%3118.78%491.38%2,87281.06%3,543
Reeves38775.59%9618.75%295.66%29156.84%512
Refugio58562.63%25627.41%939.96%32935.22%934
Roberts24169.45%10429.97%20.58%13739.48%347
Robertson1,48764.60%75132.62%642.78%73631.97%2,302
Rockwall1,37193.20%936.32%70.48%1,27886.88%1,471
Runnels2,56481.09%45814.48%1404.43%2,10666.60%3,162
Rusk3,09781.18%65117.06%671.76%2,44664.12%3,815
Sabine1,15094.42%615.01%70.57%1,08989.41%1,218
San Augustine[c]1,47594.43%784.99%90.58%1,39789.44%1,562
San Jacinto58583.57%10414.86%111.57%48168.71%700
San Patricio1,19752.89%98743.61%793.49%2109.28%2,263
San Saba1,81489.94%1879.27%160.79%1,62780.66%2,017
Schleicher24667.40%11832.33%10.27%12835.07%365
Scurry1,29280.25%26916.71%493.04%1,02363.54%1,610
Shackelford72950.07%72749.93%00.00%20.14%1,456
Shelby3,40892.16%1604.33%1303.52%3,24887.83%3,698
Sherman18862.67%8729.00%258.33%10133.67%300
Smith4,47378.16%1,07918.85%1712.99%3,39459.30%5,723
Somervell40385.93%428.96%245.12%36176.97%469
Starr75697.05%232.95%00.00%73394.09%779
Stephens2,18482.07%37213.98%1053.95%1,81268.09%2,661
Sterling24390.33%259.29%10.37%21881.04%269
Stonewall77872.91%17116.03%11811.06%60756.89%1,067
Sutton14353.16%12446.10%20.74%197.06%269
Swisher57365.19%27230.94%343.87%30134.24%879
Tarrant13,67361.73%5,85926.45%2,61911.82%7,81435.28%22,151
Taylor3,15786.26%44112.05%621.69%2,71674.21%3,660
Terrell10934.49%12238.61%8526.90%-13-4.11%316
Terry82382.22%16015.98%181.80%66366.23%1,001
Throckmorton53974.97%17424.20%60.83%36550.76%719
Titus[c]1,58981.70%34817.89%80.41%1,24163.80%1,945
Tom Green2,11675.73%55419.83%1244.44%1,56255.91%2,794
Travis7,57377.06%1,90919.43%3453.51%5,66457.64%9,827
Trinity1,50488.89%1468.63%422.48%1,35880.26%1,692
Tyler92988.98%908.62%252.39%83980.36%1,044
Upshur2,61189.69%2588.86%421.44%2,35380.83%2,911
Upton3587.50%410.00%12.50%3177.50%40
Uvalde1,31276.50%35120.47%523.03%96156.03%1,715
Val Verde43443.49%45745.79%10710.72%-23-2.30%998
Van Zandt3,95779.16%1,03820.76%40.08%2,91958.39%4,999
Victoria1,65368.36%45918.98%30612.66%1,19449.38%2,418
Walker1,79289.78%20110.07%30.15%1,59179.71%1,996
Waller1,23984.80%20313.89%191.30%1,03670.91%1,461
Ward20675.18%4215.33%269.49%16459.85%274
Washington3,56886.25%49611.99%731.76%3,07274.26%4,137
Webb1,31373.19%42923.91%522.90%88449.28%1,794
Wharton2,02067.58%85828.71%1113.71%1,16238.88%2,989
Wheeler90878.89%19717.12%464.00%71161.77%1,151
Wichita5,83168.75%2,18925.81%4615.44%3,64242.94%8,481
Wilbarger1,22277.44%26917.05%875.51%95360.39%1,578
Willacy30770.74%11025.35%173.92%19745.39%434
Williamson6,32483.45%93412.33%3204.22%5,39071.13%7,578
Wilson1,63366.54%49520.17%32613.28%1,13846.37%2,454
Winkler1593.75%16.25%00.00%1487.50%16
Wise2,95881.24%53214.61%1514.15%2,42666.63%3,641
Wood2,80685.55%34210.43%1324.02%2,46475.12%3,280
Yoakum9584.82%98.04%87.14%8676.79%112
Young2,00084.28%32213.57%512.15%1,67870.71%2,373
Zapata30060.24%19739.56%10.20%10320.68%498
Zavala32671.96%9520.97%327.06%23150.99%453
Totals484,60573.70%130,02319.78%42,8816.52%355,62153.92%675,509

Analysis

[edit]

Texas had been a Democratic stronghold since it first became a state in 1845, and the first poll taken in early October had Davis winning 56 percent of the vote to 34 percent for Coolidge and 10 percent for La Follette, which constituted a slight decrease on Cox's already reduced majority four years previously.[14] As it turned out, however, the conservativeSouthern Democrat Davis restored pre-existing Democratic hegemony in most of Texas, improving upon Cox's 1920 vote by fourteen percent and even exceedingWoodrow Wilson’s 1916 performance, whilst Coolidge fell four percent below whatWarren G. Harding managed. Although La Follette would carry his home state of Wisconsin and relegate Davis to third in eleven other states, amongst Texas’poll-tax-restricted electorate his appeal was almost entirely restricted toGerman Texans who were more culturally allied tothe Midwest than to the South. Texas would be La Follette's sixteenth-weakest state nationally, but overwhelmingly GermanGillespie andComal Counties would be the only counties in Southernantebellum slave states to be won by La Follette. In fact, in Comal County La Follette received 73.96 percent of the vote, his highest proportion in any county nationwide.[15]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Owing to problems with the original collection of returns, these figures differ from those inGéoelections and Edgar Eugene Robinson’s work. These totals exclude some counties (noted in the table) where the Texas Secretary of State did not compile data.
  2. ^abcdefghiIn this county where Coolidge ran third behind La Follette, margin given is Davis vote minus La Follette vote.
  3. ^abcdefTotals for this county are at least partially from theWorld Almanac and not the official manuscript of returns fromthe Secretary of State.
  4. ^abcIn this county where Davis ran third behind La Follette, margin given is Coolidge vote minus La Follette vote.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Bass, Jack (1995).The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945. University of Georgia Press. p. 25.ISBN 0820317284.
  2. ^Weeks, O. Douglas (August 1930). "The Texas Mexican and the Politics of South Texas".The American Political Science Review.24 (3):606–627.doi:10.2307/1946929.JSTOR 1946929.
  3. ^Davidson, Chandler (March 10, 1992).Race and Class in Texas Politics. Princeton University Press. p. 21.ISBN 0691025398.
  4. ^Davidson;Race and Class in Texas Politics, p. 24
  5. ^Grantham, Dewey W. (July 11, 2014).The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 50–52.ISBN 978-0813148724.
  6. ^Warren, Kenneth F. (April 4, 2008).Encyclopedia of U.S. Campaigns, Elections, and Electoral Behavior. SAGE Publications. p. 788.ISBN 978-1452265872.
  7. ^Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Fahs, Alice; Gerstle, Gary.Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People (Concise ed.). p. 532.ISBN 1285545974.
  8. ^Hough, Jerry F. (2006).Changing Party Coalitions: The Mystery of the Red State-Blue State Alignment. Algora. pp. 83–86.ISBN 0875864082.
  9. ^abPhillips, Kevin P.;The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 211ISBN 9780691163246
  10. ^Hart, Albert Bushnell (December 1924). "The Presidential Election in the United States".Current History.21 (3).University of California Press:325–328,436–438.doi:10.1525/curh.1924.21.3.325.
  11. ^"1924 Presidential General Election Results — Texas". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
  12. ^Robinson, Edgar Eugene.The Presidential Vote 1896-1932. pp. 331–350,395–396.ISBN 9780804716963.
  13. ^"Popular Vote for Robert LaFollette". Géoelections. (.xlsx file for €15)
  14. ^"Davis Decreases College's Lead in Straw Ballot".The Austin American.Austin, Texas. October 5, 1924. p. 14.
  15. ^"1924 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
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