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1922 United States House of Representatives elections

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House elections for the 68th U.S. Congress

1922 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1920

November 7, 1922^[1]

1924 →

All 435 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives
218 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Frederick Gillett	Finis J. Garrett
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader since	May 19, 1919	March 4, 1923
Leader's seat	Massachusetts 2nd	Tennessee 9th
Last election	302 seats	131 seats
Seats won	225	207
Seat change	77	76
Popular vote	10,585,391	9,112,202
Percentage	51.86%	44.64%
Swing	6.96pp	9.26pp

	Third party	Fourth party

Party	Farmer–Labor	Socialist
Last election	0 seats	1 seat
Seats won	2	1
Seat change	2
Popular vote	126,989	321,916
Percentage	0.62%	1.58%
Swing	0.34pp	1.00pp

	Fifth party

Party	Independent
Last election	1 seat
Seats won	0^[a]
Seat change	1

Speaker before election

Frederick Gillett
Republican

ElectedSpeaker

Frederick Gillett
Republican

The1922 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for theUnited States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the68th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 7, 1922, though Maine held its on September 11. They occurred in the middle of PresidentWarren G. Harding's term. Just as voters had expressed their distrust of Wilson in 1920, now voters had a chance to express the widespread feeling that Congress had failed to address economic problems, especially the brief but sharpDepression of 1920–1921. Most of the seats that Republicans lost had long been held by Democrats, who now returned with an even stronger base in the major cities.^[2]

TheRepublican Party lost a net of 77 seats to the oppositionDemocratic Party. The Republicans were neither unified nor well led, and they could boast of very few successes except tax cuts and higher tariffs that pleased manufacturing interest but raised consumer prices.^[3] With SenatorBob La Follette as their unofficial leader, some progressives formed a small but highly vocal group on the left of the Republican Party. Former Progressives from 1912 who had supportedTheodore Roosevelt mostly refused to support LaFollette, who had been a bitter enemy of Roosevelt's. Republicans nonetheless retained a narrow majority, although splits in the party made it difficult for Harding to govern. In Minnesota, theFarmer–Labor Party, also gained several seats. The Democrats showed their greatest support in the industrial cities, where the Irish and German element returned to that party. In addition, there was growing support among the more recent immigrants, who had become more Americanized. Many ethnic families now had a veteran in their midst, and paid closer attention to national issues, such as the question ofa bonus for veterans. There was also an expression of annoyance with the federal prohibition of beer and wine, and the closing of most saloons.^[4]^[5]

This was the first election after the completion of the1920 United States census. However, the Republican-controlled Congress failed toreapportion the House membership prior to the 1922 election, and therefore the congressional districts remained based on the1910 census for another decade. This failure to reapportion may have been politically motivated, as Republicans may have feared the effect such a reapportionment would have on their future electoral prospects.^[6]^[7]

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Others
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	Districts	10	10		0		0
Arizona	At-large	1	1		0		0
Arkansas	Districts	7	7		0		0
California	Districts	11	2		9		0
Colorado	Districts	4	1		3		0
Connecticut	Districts	5	1	1	4	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
Florida	Districts	4	4		0		0
Georgia	Districts	12	12		0		0
Idaho	Districts	2	0		2		0
Illinois	Districts +2 at-large	27	7	4	20	4	0
Indiana	Districts	13	5	5	8	5	0
Iowa	Districts	11	0		11		0
Kansas	Districts	8	1	1	7	1	0
Kentucky	Districts	11	8		3		0
Louisiana	Districts	8	8		0		0
Maine	Districts	4	0		4		0
Maryland	Districts	6	3	1	3	1	0
Massachusetts	Districts	16	3	1	13	1	0
Michigan	Districts	13	1	1	12	1	0
Minnesota	Districts	10	0		8	2	2^[c]	2
Mississippi	Districts	8	8		0		0
Missouri	Districts	16	11	9	5	9	0
Montana	Districts	2	1	1	1	1	0
Nebraska	Districts	6	3	3	3	3	0
Nevada	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
New Hampshire	Districts	2	1	1	1	1	0
New Jersey	Districts	12	6	5	6	5	0
New Mexico	At-large	1	1	1	0	1	0
New York	Districts	43	23	14	20	13	0	1^[d]
North Carolina	Districts	10	10		0		0
North Dakota	Districts	3	0		3		0
Ohio	Districts	22	6	6	16	6	0
Oklahoma	Districts	8	7	4	1	4	0
Oregon	Districts	3	1	1	2	1	0
Pennsylvania	Districts	36	6	5	30	5	0
Rhode Island	Districts	3	1	1	2	1	0
South Carolina	Districts	7	7		0		0
South Dakota	Districts	3	0		3		0
Tennessee	Districts	10	8	3	2	3	0
Texas	Districts	18	17		1		0
Utah	Districts	2	0		2		0
Vermont	Districts	2	0		2		0
Virginia	Districts	10	10	1	0	1	0
Washington	Districts	5	0		5		0
West Virginia	Districts	6	4	4	2	4	0
Wisconsin	Districts	11	0		10	1	1^[e]	1
Wyoming	At-large	1	0		1		0
Total		435	207 47.6%	75	225 51.7%	77	3 0.7%	2

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 3	John A. Peters	Republican	1913(special)	Incumbent resigned when appointed toU.S. District Court for the District of Maine. New member elected March 20, 1922. Republican hold.	▌YJohn E. Nelson (Republican) 63.29% ▌Ernest K. McLean (Democratic) 36.71%^[8]
Virginia 10	Henry D. Flood	Democratic	1900	Incumbent died December 8, 1921. New member elected March 21, 1922. Democratic hold.	▌YHenry St. George Tucker III (Democratic) Uncontested^[8]
New York 37	Alanson B. Houghton	Republican	1918	Incumbent resigned to becomeUnited States Ambassador to Germany. New member elected April 11, 1922. Republican hold.	▌YLewis Henry (Republican) 53.55% ▌Frank Irvine (Democratic) 45.64% ▌Israel Putnam (Socialist) 0.81%^[9]
Texas 13	Lucian W. Parrish	Democratic	1918	Incumbent died March 27, 1922. New member elected May 22, 1922. Democratic hold.	▌YGuinn Williams (Democratic) 49.76% ▌ S. A. Morgan (Democratic) 29.31% ▌ Annie W. Blanton (Democratic) 13.09% ▌ Orville Bullington (Independent) 7.68% ▌ W. S. Moore (Independent) 0.15%^[8]
California 6	John A. Elston	Republican	1914	Incumbent died December 15, 1921. New member elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term.	▌YJames H. MacLafferty (Republican) 68.39% ▌Hugh W. Brunk (Democratic) 31.61%^[8]
Illinois at-large	William E. Mason	Republican	1916	Incumbent died June 16, 1921. New member elected November 7, 1922 to finish her father's term. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term.	▌YWinnifred Huck (Republican) 52.62% ▌Allen D. Albert (Democratic) 43.19% ▌Fred O. Hartline (Socialist) 2.20% Frank Donovan (Farmer–Labor) 2.00%^[10]
Massachusetts 16	Joseph Walsh	Republican	1914	Incumbent resigned when appointed toMassachusetts Superior Court. New member elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term.	▌YCharles L. Gifford (Republican) Uncontested^[8]
Nebraska 1	C. Frank Reavis	Republican	1914	Incumbent resigned to become special assistant to theU.S. Attorney General. New member elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term.	▌YRoy H. Thorpe (Republican) 54.02% ▌W. C. Parriott (Democratic) 45.98%^[8]
Nebraska 6	Moses Kinkaid	Republican	1902	Incumbent died July 6, 1922. New member elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term.	▌YAugustin Reed Humphrey (Republican) 50.51% ▌Will M. Maupin (Democratic) 40.77% ▌B. J. Minort (Prohibition) 8.72%^[8]
North Carolina 3	Samuel M. Brinson	Democratic	1918	Incumbent died April 13, 1922. New member elected November 7, 1922. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term.	▌YCharles L. Abernethy (Democratic) Uncontested^[11]
Tennessee 7	Lemuel P. Padgett	Democratic	1900	Incumbent died August 2, 1922. New member elected November 7, 1922. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to the next term.	▌YClarence W. Turner (Democratic) 86.28% ▌S. W. Williams (Republican) 13.72%^[8]

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alaska Territory at-large	Daniel Sutherland	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDaniel Sutherland (Republican) [data missing]^[12]
Hawaii Territory at-large	Henry Alexander Baldwin	Republican	1922(special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌YWilliam Paul Jarrett (Democratic) 55.08% ▌John Henry Wise (Republican) 44.92%^[13]

v t e (1921←) 1922 United States elections (→1923)
U.S. Senate	Arizona California Connecticut Delaware Delaware (Special) Florida Georgia (Special) Indiana Iowa (Special) Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Jersey New Mexico New York North Dakota Ohio Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (Special) Rhode Island Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
U.S. House	Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts 16th Special Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Governors	Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Georgia Idaho Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Lt. Gov Nebraska Lt. Gov Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Vermont Wisconsin Wyoming
State legislatures	Iowa Senate
State judicial	Wisconsin Supreme Court
States / Territories	Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

↓
207	3	225
Democratic	^[b]	Republican

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	E. Hart Fenn	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YE. Hart Fenn (Republican) 52.2% ▌Joseph S. Dutton (Democratic) 45.6% ▌Henry Vanderburgh (Socialist Labor) 2.2%
Connecticut 2	Richard P. Freeman	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YRichard P. Freeman (Republican) 55.4% ▌Raymond J. Jodoin (Democratic) 43.5% ▌Albert Boardman (Socialist Labor) 1.2%
Connecticut 3	John Q. Tilson	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Q. Tilson (Republican) 52.3% ▌Stephen Whitney (Democratic) 45.7% ▌? Williams (Socialist Labor) 2.0%
Connecticut 4	Schuyler Merritt	Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YSchuyler Merritt (Republican) 53.9% ▌Archibald McNeil (Democratic) 44.3% ▌? Moffatt (Socialist Labor) 1.8%
Connecticut 5	James P. Glynn	Republican	1914	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YPatrick B. O'Sullivan (Democratic) 49.7% ▌James P. Glynn (Republican) 49.1% ▌John P. McCarthy (Socialist Labor) 1.2%

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 1	Martin B. Madden	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMartin B. Madden (Republican) 59.1% ▌George Mayer (Democratic) 39.6% Others ▌Charles Hallbeck (Socialist Labor) 1.1% ▌J. H. Kennedy (Farmer–Labor) 0.3%
Illinois 2	James R. Mann	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJames R. Mann (Republican) 58.2% ▌Adam F. Bloch (Democratic) 38.2% ▌Charles V. Johnson (Socialist Labor) 3.0% ▌William Emerson (Farmer–Labor) 0.6%
Illinois 3	Elliott W. Sproul	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YElliott W. Sproul (Republican) 48.8% ▌Thomas M. Crane (Democratic) 47.7% ▌Kellam Foster (Socialist Labor) 2.6% ▌George W. Stone (Farmer–Labor) 1.0%
Illinois 4	John W. Rainey	Democratic	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn W. Rainey (Democratic) 69.2% ▌Henry G. Dobler (Republican) 28.4% ▌John F. Krause (Socialist Labor) 2.4%
Illinois 5	Adolph J. Sabath	Democratic	1906	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAdolph J. Sabath (Democratic) 66.5% ▌Jacob Gartenstein (Republican) 29.4% ▌Michael Sambrowski (Socialist Labor) 3.7% ▌William J. Riordan (Farmer–Labor) 0.4%
Illinois 6	John J. Gorman	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YJames R. Buckley (Democratic) 48.2% ▌John J. Gorman (Republican) 48.2% ▌William F. Kruse (Socialist Labor) 3.6%
Illinois 7	M. Alfred Michaelson	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YM. Alfred Michaelson (Republican) 49.8% ▌Frank M. Padden (Democratic) 43.8% ▌John M. Collins (Socialist Labor) 5.2% ▌Daniel J. Gilfoy (Farmer–Labor) 1.2%
Illinois 8	Stanley H. Kunz	Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YStanley H. Kunz (Democratic) 65.3% ▌Fred S. DeCola (Republican) 32.4% Others ▌Henry C. Stockbridge (Socialist Labor) 1.9% ▌James M. Cahill (Farmer–Labor) 0.3%
Illinois 9	Frederick A. Britten	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YFrederick A. Britten (Republican) 60.0% ▌James A. Prendergast (Democratic) 37.3% ▌Evar Anderson (Socialist Labor) 2.7%
Illinois 10	Carl R. Chindblom	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YCarl R. Chindblom (Republican) 61.5% ▌Bernard M. Wiedinger (Democratic) 35.1% ▌Michael J. Scanlan (Socialist Labor) 2.6% ▌F. C. Dahms (Farmer–Labor) 0.8%
Illinois 11	Ira C. Copley	Republican	1910	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YFrank R. Reid (Republican) 68.8% ▌Edward J. O'Beirne (Democratic) 29.7% ▌Frank L. Raymond (Socialist Labor) 1.5%
Illinois 12	Charles Eugene Fuller	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YCharles Eugene Fuller (Republican) 77.6% ▌John A. Dowdall (Democratic) 19.4% ▌Fred N. Hale (Socialist Labor) 3.0%
Illinois 13	John C. McKenzie	Republican	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn C. McKenzie (Republican) 70.0% ▌William G. Curtiss (Democratic) 28.7% ▌Xavier F. Gehant (Socialist Labor) 1.3%
Illinois 14	William J. Graham	Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YWilliam J. Graham (Republican) 59.9% ▌L. S. Mayer (Democratic) 36.9% Others ▌John A. Nelson (Socialist Labor) 1.7% ▌William C. Mardis (Farmer–Labor) 1.5%
Illinois 15	Edward John King	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YEdward John King (Republican) 60.1% ▌Charles C. Craig (Democratic) 38.3% ▌Emil P. Nelson (Socialist Labor) 1.6%
Illinois 16	Clifford C. Ireland	Republican	1916	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌YWilliam E. Hull (Republican) 55.2% ▌Jesse Black Jr. (Democratic) 42.6% Others ▌James Lofthouse (Socialist Labor) 1.4% ▌W. T. Smith (Farmer–Labor) 0.9%
Illinois 17	Frank H. Funk	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YFrank H. Funk (Republican) 55.7% ▌Frank Gillespie (Democratic) 43.5% ▌John E. Abbott (Socialist Labor) 0.8%
Illinois 18	Joseph Gurney Cannon	Republican	1914	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YWilliam P. Holaday (Republican) 52.8% ▌Andrew B. Dennis (Democratic) 44.4% ▌C. L. Mulhall (Farmer–Labor) 2.0% ▌James P. Miller (Socialist Labor) 0.8%
Illinois 19	Allen F. Moore	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAllen F. Moore (Republican) 54.3% ▌Raymond D. Meeker (Democratic) 44.6% ▌John R. Heffner (Socialist Labor) 1.0%
Illinois 20	Guy L. Shaw	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YHenry T. Rainey (Democratic) 54.2% ▌Guy L. Shaw (Republican) 45.8%
Illinois 21	Loren E. Wheeler	Republican	1914	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YJ. Earl Major (Democratic) 49.3% ▌Loren E. Wheeler (Republican) 43.3% ▌Duncan McDonald (Farmer–Labor) 5.8% ▌Herman Rahm (Socialist Labor) 1.6%
Illinois 22	William A. Rodenberg	Republican	1914	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YEdward E. Miller (Republican) 47.6% ▌Edward E. Campbell (Democratic) 43.9% ▌D. L. Thomas (Farmer–Labor) 6.9% ▌Earl G. Galloway (Socialist Labor) 1.6%
Illinois 23	Edwin B. Brooks	Republican	1918	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YWilliam W. Arnold (Democratic) 52.5% ▌Edwin B. Brooks (Republican) 46.7% ▌Fred A. Cawley (Socialist Labor) 0.8%
Illinois 24	Thomas Sutler Williams	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YThomas Sutler Williams (Republican) 50.8% ▌Dempsey T. Woodard (Democratic) 49.2%
Illinois 25	Edward E. Denison	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YEdward E. Denison (Republican) 54.4% ▌A. S. Caldwell (Democratic) 41.2% ▌James McCollum (Farmer–Labor) 2.8% ▌Norman M. Harris (Socialist Labor) 1.7%
Illinois at-large	Richard Yates Jr.	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YRichard Yates Jr. (Republican) 27.5% ▌YHenry R. Rathbone (Republican) 28.4% ▌Simon J. Gorman (Democratic) 20.1% ▌William Murphy (Democratic) 19.9% Others ▌Fred W. Wenschoff (Socialist Labor) 1.1% ▌Andrew Lafin (Socialist Labor) 1.1% ▌Edward Ellis Carr (Farmer–Labor) 1.0% ▌Henry W. Olinger (Farmer–Labor) 0.9%
Illinois at-large	Winnifred M. Huck	Republican	1922(special)	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kansas 1	Daniel R. Anthony Jr.	Republican	1907(special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDaniel R. Anthony Jr. (Republican) 63.7% ▌Frank Gragg (Democratic) 36.3%
Kansas 2	Edward C. Little	Republican	1916	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YEdward C. Little (Republican) 54.4% ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 45.6%
Kansas 3	Philip P. Campbell	Republican	1902	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌YWilliam H. Sproul (Republican) 49.0% ▌Charles Stephens (Democratic) 48.4% ▌George W. Snyder (Socialist Labor) 2.6%
Kansas 4	Homer Hoch	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YHomer Hoch (Republican) 62.0% ▌Walter W. Austin (Democratic) 36.2% ▌Thomas H. McGill (Socialist Labor) 1.9%
Kansas 5	James G. Strong	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJames G. Strong (Republican) 56.3% ▌Clarence E. Hatfield (Democratic) 43.7%
Kansas 6	Hays B. White	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YHays B. White (Republican) 54.1% ▌F. W. Boyd (Democratic) 43.1% ▌B. B. Brethauer (Socialist Labor) 2.8%
Kansas 7	Jasper N. Tincher	Republican	1918	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJasper N. Tincher (Republican) 58.3% ▌A. S. Allphin (Democratic) 39.5% ▌Edward E. Colglazier (Socialist Labor) 2.2%
Kansas 8	Richard E. Bird	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌YWilliam Augustus Ayres (Democratic) 62.3% ▌Richard E. Bird (Republican) 37.7%

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Overall results

Special elections

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Non-voting delegates

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading