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1920 Democratic National Convention

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1920 Democratic National Convention
Convention
1920 presidential election
Nominees Cox and Roosevelt
Date(s)	June 28 – July 6, 1920
City	San Francisco,California
Venue	Civic Auditorium
Candidates
Presidential nominee	James M. Cox ofOhio
Vice-presidential nominee	Franklin D. Roosevelt ofNew York
‹ 1916 · 1924 ›

The1920 Democratic National Convention was held at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, California from June 28 to July 6, 1920. It resulted in the nomination ofGovernor James M. Cox of Ohio for president and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt from New York for vice president. The 1920 Democratic National Convention marked the first time any party had held itsnominating convention in aWest Coast city.

Neither PresidentWoodrow Wilson, in spite of his failing health, nor former United States Secretary of State and three-time presidential candidateWilliam Jennings Bryan had entirely given up hope that their party would turn to them, but neither was, in the event, formally nominated. In addition to the eventual nominee, Cox, the other high-scoring candidates as the voting proceeded were:Secretary of the Treasury William McAdoo andAttorney General Mitchell Palmer. On the forty-fourth ballot, GovernorJames M. Cox of Ohio was nominated for the Presidency.^[1]Cora Wilson Stewart of Kentucky, head of the National Education Association's new illiteracy commission, was chosen to second the nomination for Governor Cox.^[2] Mrs. Stewart was selected to replace Kentucky RepresentativeJ. Campbell Cantrill, highlighting the candidate's support for what would become the19th Amendment.^[3]

The platform adopted by the convention supported theLeague of Nations, albeit with qualifications, andwomen's suffrage.

Presidential candidates

[edit]

Governor
James M. Cox
ofOhio
FormerTreasury Secretary
William Gibbs McAdoo
ofCalifornia
Attorney General
A. Mitchell Palmer
ofPennsylvania
Governor
Al Smith
ofNew York
Ambassador
John W. Davis
ofWest Virginia
Governor
Edward I. Edwards
ofNew Jersey
Senator
Robert Latham Owen
ofOklahoma
Vice President
Thomas R. Marshall
(Not Formally Nominated)
Secretary of Agriculture
Edwin T. Meredith
ofIowa
DNC Chairman
Homer S. Cummings
ofConnecticut
Senator
Carter Glass
ofVirginia
Senator
Furnifold M. Simmons
ofNorth Carolina
FormerAmbassador
James W. Gerard
ofNew York
Senator
Gilbert Hitchcock
ofNebraska
Governor-General
Francis Burton Harrison
of thePhilippines

A guest ticket purchased for June 28 of the Democratic National Convention inSan Francisco.

AlthoughWilliam Gibbs McAdoo (Wilson's son-in-law and former Treasury Secretary) was the strongest candidate, Wilson blocked his nomination in hopes a deadlocked convention would demand that he run for a third term, even though he was seriously ill, physically immobile, and in seclusion at the time. The Democrats instead nominated Ohio GovernorJames M. Cox as their presidential candidate and 38-year-old Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt, a fifth cousin of the late president Theodore Roosevelt, for vice-president.

Fourteen names were placed in nomination. Early favorites for the nomination had included McAdoo and Attorney GeneralAlexander Mitchell Palmer. Others placed in nomination included New York GovernorAl Smith, United Kingdom AmbassadorJohn W. Davis, New Jersey GovernorEdward I. Edwards, and Oklahoma SenatorRobert Latham Owen.

History was made at the convention whenLaura Clay, a delegate fromKentucky and co-founder of theKentucky Equal Rights Association and the Democratic Women's Club of Kentucky, became the first woman to have her name placed into nomination for president at the convention of a major political party.^[4] She was also the first woman to receive a convention delegation's vote for the presidency.^[5]

Balloting

[edit]

(1–22)	Presidential Ballot
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	22nd
Cox	134	159	177	178	181	195	295.5	315	321.5	321	332	404	428.5	443.5	468.5	454.5	442	458	468	456.5	426.5	430
McAdoo	266	289	323.5	335	357	368.5	384	380	386	385	380	375.5	363.5	355.5	344.5	337	332	330.5	327.5	340.5	395.5	372.5
Palmer	256	264	251.5	254	244	265	267	262	257	257	255	201	193.5	181	167	164.5	176	174.5	179.5	178	144	166.5
Al Smith	109	101	92	96	95	98	4	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
E. Edwards	42	34	32.5	31	31	30	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
T. Marshall	37	36	36	34	29	13	14	12	7	7	7	7	7	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Owen	33	29	22	32	34	36	35	36	37	37	35	34	32	34	31	34	36	38	37	41	36	35
J.W. Davis	32	31.5	28.5	31	29	29	33	32	32	34	33	31.5	29.5	33	32	52	57	42	31	36	54	52
Meredith	27	26	26	28	27	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Glass	26.5	25.5	27	27	27	27	27	27	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	27	26	26	26	26	25
Cummings	25	27	26	24	21	20	19	18	18	19	19	8	7	7	19	20	19	19	19	10	7	6
Simmons	24	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gerard	21	12	11	2	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
J. Williams	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hitchcock	18	16	16	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Clark	9	6	7	8	9	7	8	6	5	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	2	2	2	2	2	2
Harrison^[6]	6	6	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wood	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
W.J. Bryan	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colby	1	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daniels	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
W.R. Hearst	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Underwood	0.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wilson	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

(23–44)	Presidential Ballot
	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th	31st	32nd	33rd	34th	35th	36th	37th	38th	39th	40th	41st	42nd	43rd	44th
Cox	425	429	424	424.5	423.5	423	404.5	400.5	391.5	391	380.5	379.5	376.5	377	386	383.5	468.5	490	497.5	540.5	568	699.5
McAdoo	364.5	364.5	364.5	371	371.5	368.5	394.5	403.5	415.5	421	421	420.5	409	399	405	405.5	440	467	460	427	412	270
Palmer	181.5	177	169	167	166.5	165.5	166	165	174	176	180	184	222	241	202.5	211	74	19	12	8	7	1
J.W. Davis	50.5	54.5	58.5	55.5	60.5	62.5	63	58	57.5	55.5	56	54	33	28	50.5	50	71.5	76	55.5	49.5	57.5	52
Owen	34	33	34	33	34	35.5	33	33	34	34	34	37	38.5	36	33	33	32	33	35	34	34	34
Glass	25	25	25	25	25	24	24	24	12.5	9.5	13	7.5	5	4	1	1	0	0	24	24	5.5	1.5
Cummings	5	5	4	3	3	4	4	4	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	2	2	2	3	2	0
Clark	2	2	2	3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2.5	2.5	2	2	2	3	2	2	2	2	2	0
Adams	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bonniwell	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
W.J. Bryan	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Clay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cobb	1.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colby	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
Daniels	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hines	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
A. Jones	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lardner	0.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lewis	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
T. Marshall	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pershing	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Robinson	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stewart	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Underwood	0	1	9	9	4	6	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Vice Presidential nomination

[edit]

Cox asked the delegates to support former Assistant Navy SecretaryFranklin D. Roosevelt, because, as some thought, he had a "magic name." FDR was nominated by voice vote and received the nomination by acclamation.^[7] After it became clear that Roosevelt was the choice of party leaders, former AmbassadorDavid R. Francis of Missouri, Major GeneralLawrence Tyson of Tennessee, GovernorSam V. Stewart of Montana, former GovernorJames H. Hawley of Idaho, formerFTC ChairmanJoseph E. Davies of Wisconsin,William T. Vaughan of Oregon, and oil tycoonEdward L. Doheny of California all withdrew their candidacies.^[8]

References

[edit]

^Pietrusza, David (2007).1920: The Year of the Six Presidents. New York: Carroll and Graf.ISBN 978-0-7867-1622-7.
^Baldwin, Yvonne Honeycutt (2006).Cora Wilson Stewart and Kentucky's Moonlight Schools: Fighting for Literacy in America. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. p. 127.
^Nelms, Willie (1997).Cora Wilson Stewart: Crusader Against Illiteracy. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. p. 102.ISBN 9780786403349. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2017.
^Eblen, Tom (July 14, 2017)."Meet the Kentuckians who led the fight for women's rights a century ago".Lexington Herald-Leader. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2017.
^"First Woman to Get Vote for President - Laura Clay".Chicago Tribune. July 26, 1920. RetrievedSeptember 26, 2017.
^"M'Adoo Leads; 289 Votes on Second Ballot; Convention Adjourns to 9:30 a.m. Today; Platform Adopted and Bryan Defeated".partners.nytimes.com. RetrievedApril 23, 2016.
^Staff writer(s) (July 6, 1920)."Roosevelt Given Second Place; Convention Ends".San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, CA. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2015 – viaNewspapers.com.
^"Democratic Ticket is Cox and Roosevelt; New Yorker Unopposed as Running Mate; Bryan is Sad, But Other Leaders Rejoice".New York Times. July 7, 1920. RetrievedOctober 8, 2015.

External links

[edit]

Democratic Party Platform of 1920 atThe American Presidency Project

Preceded by
1916
St. Louis, Missouri

Democratic National Conventions

Succeeded by
1924
New York, New York

v t e (1919←) 1920 United States elections (→1921)
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(← 1916)1920 United States presidential election (→ 1924)

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Democratic Party
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Nominees	President:James M. Cox Vice President:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Other candidates	William Gibbs McAdoo A. Mitchell Palmer Al Smith John W. Davis Edward I. Edwards Woodrow Wilson (incumbent) Robert L. Owen

Third party andindependent candidates
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See also

References

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