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The1917 Victorian state election was held in theAustralian state ofVictoria on Thursday 15 November 1917 for the state'sLegislative Assembly. 51 of the 65 Legislative Assembly seats were contested.[1]
By 1917,World War I was placing an enormous strain on the Victorian economy. While theLiberal party had won the1914 election with a large majority, many in the party were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the government's actions on difficulties in the rural areas. TheVictorian Farmers' Union emerged as a party, was gathering support and ran candidates for the first time.
TheLabor Party had undergone a split in 1916 over theConscription debate and some of its pro-conscription members led byPrime MinisterBilly Hughes left the party and joined with the Liberals to form theNationalist Party. At the state level, however, some of these members ran asNational Labor candidates.
The breaking point for the Nationalist government wasPremierAlexander Peacock's decision to increase rail fares to rural areas. The party split into a pro-PeacockMinisterialist faction (mostly composed of city-based members), and an opposition faction led byJohn Bowser, composed mostly of country members. The two factions ran candidates against each other in most Nationalist seats. This did not effectively split the vote, as Victoria had introduced compulsorypreferential voting for this election, and most of the preferences resulting from multiple Nationalist candidates were kept within the party. After the election, on 29 November, the rural faction of the Nationalist government led by Bowser won control of the party, ousting Peacock.
Fourteen seats were uncontested at this election, and were retained by the incumbent parties:
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationalist | 172,837 | 49.95 | +49.95 | 30 |  30 | ||
| Labor | 111,637 | 32.29 | –7.29 | 24 | 2 | ||
| Ministerialist | 24,199 | 7.03 | –49.86 | 9 |  34 | ||
| Victorian Farmers | 21,183 | 6.13 | +6.13 | 4 | 4 | ||
| National Labor | 7,747 | 2.24 | +2.24 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Independent Labor | 3,100 | 0.90 | +0.90 | 0 |  | ||
| Temperance | 2,097 | 0.61 | +0.61 | 0 | | ||
| Progressive Farmers | 1,972 | 0.57 | +0.57 | 0 | | ||
| Independent Nationalist | 908 | 0.26 | +0.26 | 0 | | ||
| Progressive Labor | 74 | 0.02 | +0.02 | 0 | | ||
| Formal votes | 343,657 | 96.85 | |||||
| Informal votes | 11,245 | 3.15 | +0.88 | ||||
| Total | 354,902 | 100.00 | 65 | ||||
| Registered voters / turnout | 658,488 | 54.21 | +0.29 | ||||
As the Bowser faction had won the most seats within the Nationalist party factions,Alexander Peacock resigned as Premier andJohn Bowser took his place. The previous government's increase on rail fares was reversed, but the issue of how the railways were to be financed remained unresolved. The opposition parties defeated a railway estimates bill in March 1918, and Bowser resigned as Premier in response, having little taste for the office. Bowser then eventually left the Nationalist party for theVictorian Farmers' Union. Peacock supporterHarry Lawson became Premier, after which the factions reunited and formed majority government with 40 of the 65 seats.
