Overview of the events of 1916 in poetry
We know their dream; enough
To know they dreamed and are dead;
A terrible beauty is born.
—Closing lines of "Easter, 1916 " byW. B. Yeats
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance,Irish orFrance ).
February 5 –Cabaret Voltaire is opened byGerman performance poetHugo Ball and his future wifeEmmy Hennings in the back room of Ephraim Jan'sHolländische Meierei inZürich , Switzerland; although surviving only until the summer it is pivotal in the creation of theDada movement in art, poetry and literature.Tristan Tzara ,Marcel Janco ,Richard Huelsenbeck ,Sophie Taeuber-Arp andJean Arp are among those who gather here to discuss art and put on performances expressing their disgust withWorld War I and the interests they believe have inspired it. March March 10 – SirHubert Parry writes the choral setting ofWilliam Blake 's poem "And did those feet in ancient time " (c.1804-08) which becomes known as "Jerusalem" (first performed 28 March at theQueen's Hall , London). March 30 –Don Marquis introduces the charactersArchy and Mehitabel in his "The Sun Dial" column inThe Evening Sun (New York City)cockroach unable to operate the typewritershift key . April 24–30 –Easter Rising inIreland : Members of theIrish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic and theIrish Volunteers andIrish Citizen Army occupy theGeneral Post Office and other buildings inDublin before surrendering to theBritish Army . Of the seven leaders of the Rising (subsequently executed),Thomas MacDonagh ,Patrick Pearse andJoseph Plunkett are all poets andJames Connolly a balladeer. The event is the theme ofW. B. Yeats ' poem "Easter, 1916 ", first published this September. July 1First day on the Somme : PoetsW. N. Hodgson ,Will Streets ,Gilbert Waterhouse , Henry Field, Alfred Ratcliffe, Alexander Robertson and Bernard White are among the 19,000 British soldiers killed on this day alone.[ 3] Battle of the Somme continues until October 18, during which time American poetAlan Seeger (serving with the French), English poetEdward Tennant , and short-story writer H. H. Munro ("Saki ") are killed,Robert Graves is seriously wounded (believed killed),David Jones receives physical and psychological injuries,Ford Madox Hueffer suffers concussion and shellshock,A. A. Milne andJ. R. R. Tolkien are invalided out,Siegfried Sassoon wins theMilitary Cross , andCameron Highlander Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna composes theScottish Gaelic love songAn Eala Bhàn oral literature tradition.W. B. Yeats makes his fifth and final proposal of marriage to the newly widowedMaud Gonne in France. c. July–December – PoetsTerence MacSwiney andDarrell Figgis are amongIrish republicans detained inReading Gaol (England) following theEaster Rising .[ 4] July 14 – Hugo Ball recites theDada manifesto in Zürich. August 17 –English poetF. W. Harvey becomes aprisoner of war . September 10 –Wilfrid Gibson becomes the last of theDymock poets to leave the area ofDymock in England.[ 5] October 6 –Romanian poet and criticPerpessicius loses his right arm while fighting in a skirmish atMuratan .[ 6] WhenWallace Stevens ' job as a lawyer for a New York City insurance company is abolished as a result of mergers, he joins the home office ofHartford Accident and Indemnity Company and moves toHartford, Connecticut , where he will remain the rest of his life.[ 7] Works published in English [ edit ] Bliss Carman ,April Airs: A Book of New England Lyrics , Boston: Small, Maynard and Co.; Canadian poet published in theUnited States [ 8] Thomas O'Hagan ,Songs of Heroic Days , Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart[ 8] Marjorie Pickthall ,The Lamp of Poor Souls and Other Poems .[ 9] Duncan Campbell Scott ,Lundy's Lane and Other Poems , including "The Height of Land"[ 10] Frederick George Scott ,In the Battle Silences: Poems Written at the Front (Toronto: Musson)Robert W. Service ,Rhymes of a Red Cross Man .I, that on my familiar hill
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last verse; produced two days before the poet's death at theFirst day on the Somme Laurence Binyon ,The Anvil, and Other Poems [ 11] Edmund Blunden ,Pastorals [ 11] Robert Bridges (ed.),The Spirit of Man: an anthology in English & French from the philosophers & poets, made by the Poet Laureate in 1915 Émile Cammaerts ,New Belgian Poems: Les trois rois et autres poèmes , expatriate FrancophoneBelgian poet translated into EnglishMary Gabrielle Collins,Branches unto the Sea Elizabeth Daryush ,Verses [ 11] W. H. Davies :Child Lovers, and Other Poems [ 11] Collected Poems [ 11] Eleanor Farjeon ,Nursery Rhymes of London Town [ 11] Robert Graves ,Over the Brazier [ 11] Thomas Hardy ,Selected Poems [ 11] F. W. Harvey ,A Gloucestershire Lad At Home and Abroad Aldous Huxley ,The Burning Wheel [ 11] D. H. Lawrence ,Amores [ 11] Joseph Lee ,Ballads of Battle ,Scottish poetWinifred Mary Letts ,Hallow-e'en and Poems of the War (including "The Spires of Oxford")Charlotte Mew ,The Farmer's Bride [ 11] Jessie Pope ,Simple Rhymes for Stirring Times Cecil Roberts ,Collected War Poems Lady Margaret Sackville ,The Pageant of War Dorothy L. Sayers ,Op. 1 Edith Sitwell andOsbert Sitwell ,Twentieth Century Harlequinade, and Other Poems [ 11] The firstWheels anthology Wheels 1916 edited bythe Sitwells . Cicily Fox Smith,Fighting Men Charles Hamilton Sorley ,Marlborough and Other Poems (posthumous)Muriel Stuart ,Christ at Carnival and Other Poems Rabindranath Tagore ,Fruit Gathering , lyrics translated by the author into English from the originalBengali (Indian poetry in English )[ 12] Edward Tennant ,Worple Flit and other poems (posthumous)Edward Thomas ,Six Poems , his first published poetry (under thepen name 'Edward Eastaway')Aelfrida Tillyard ,The Garden and the Fire Katharine Tynan ,The Holy War Gilbert Waterhouse ,Rail-Head and other poems (posthumous)Evelyn Waugh ,The World to Come: A Poem in Three Cantos (written at age 12; privately printed)Anna Wickham ,The Man With A Hammer Alfred Williams ,War Sonnets and Songs W. B. Yeats ,Irish poet published in the United Kingdom:Some Imagist Poets second anthologyI shall be telling this with a sigh
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last verse (lines 16-20) Pauline B. Barrington , "Education" published inThe Masses Conrad Aiken :Turns and Movies [ 13] The Jig of Forslin [ 13] James Branch Cabell ,From the Hidden Way [ 13] Florence Earle Coates (1850–1927),Poems J. W. Cunliffe, editor,Poems of the Great War H.D. (Hilda Doolittle),Sea Garden [ 13] John Gould Fletcher ,Goblins and Pagodas [ 13] Robert Frost ,Mountain Interval [ 13] The Road Not Taken " and "Out, Out— "Edgar A. Guest ,A Heap o' Livin' [ 13] Robinson Jeffers ,Californians [ 13] Sarah Orne Jewett ,Verses , published posthumously (died1909 )[ 13] Hog Butcher for the World,
seen your painted women under the gas lamps luring the farm boys. And they tell me you are crooked and I answer: Yes it is
true I have seen the gunman kill and go free to kill again. --
Lines 1-7 Alfred Kreymborg ,Mushrooms [ 13] Amy Lowell ,Men, Women and Ghosts [ 13] Edgar Lee Masters :Songs and Satires [ 13] The Great Valley [ 13] Emanuel Morgan andAnne Knish , bothpen names ,Spectra: A Book of Poetic Experiments [ 13] James Oppenheim ,War and Laughter [ 13] Josephine Preston Peabody ,Harvest Moon [ 13] Ezra Pound ,Lustra Edward Arlington Robinson ,The Man Against the Sky [ 13] Carl Sandburg ,Chicago Poems [ 14] Chicago "Alan Seeger ,Poems [ 13] C. J. Dennis ,The Moods of Ginger Mick ,Australia W. Walter Gill ,Juan-y-Pherick’s Journey and Other Poems Isle of Man N. C. Rai ,An Indian Tale , a tale of rural life; Calcutta;India ,Indian poetry in English [ 15] Rabindranath Tagore ,Fruit Gathering lyrics translated by the author into English from the originalBengali ;India ,Indian poetry in English [ 12] W. B. Yeats ,Irish poet published in theUnited Kingdom :Joseph Furphy andKate Baker –The Poems of Joseph Furphy , AustraliaWorks published in other languages [ edit ] Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:
B. Tirumal ,Angala jarmani-yuddha vivaranam ,Sanskrit -language epic poem on World War I (India )[ 12] Kavikondala Venkata Rao ,Vividha Kusumavali ,Telugu -language (India ), a collection ofkhandikas [ 12] Lalchand Amardinomal Jagatiani ,Sunharo Sacal ,Sindhi -language essays of criticism and biography on the life and work ofSachal Sarmast , a Sindhi poet (India )[ 12] Lekhnath Ponday ,Rtuvicar ,Nepali -language[ 12] Rabindranath Thakur ,Balaka ,Bengali -language (India )[ 12] Rayaprolu Subba Rao , editor,Andhravali , aTelugu -language anthology (India )[ 12] Olav Aukrust ,Himmelvarden ,Norwegian poet writing inNynorsk Hugo Ball , "Karawane",German poet in Switzerland writing in nonsense wordsJosé María Eguren ,La canción de las figuras ,Peru [ 18] Albert Ehrenstein ,Der Mensch schreit andNicht da nicht dort ,Germany Yvan Goll ,Requiem pour les morts de l’Europe ,German poet in Switzerland writing in FrenchNikolay Gumilyov ,The Quiver ,Russia Vicente Huidobro ,Adán ,Chile Joseph Lenoir-Rolland ,Poèmes épars , lyrics; French language;Canada [ 19] Antonio Machado ,Campos de Castilla (revised edition),Spain Vladimir Mayakovsky ,The Backbone Flute (Fleyta pozvonochnik ) andWar and the World (Voina i mir ),Russian 1914–1916: Eine Anthologie ,Germany Martinus Nijhoff ,De wandelaar ,Netherlands Sergei Yesenin ,Radunitsa (Радуница, "Ritual for the Dead"), his first book of poetry,Russian Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
January 10 January 12 –Mary Wilson (died2018 ),English prime ministerial spose and poet February 1 –Venibhai Purohit (died1980 ),Indian ,Gujarati -language[ 12] February 4 –Gavin Ewart (died1995 ),English February 10 –Thomas Blackburn (died1977 ),English March 7 –Balmukund Dave (died1993 ),Indian ,Gujarati -language poet[ 12] March 11 –Jack Clemo (died1994 ),English poet of Cornwall May 9 –Helen Haenke (died1978 ),Australian poet and playwright[ 21] June 14 –John Ciardi (died1986 ),American poet, translator and etymologist June 15 –Hari Daryani , "Dilgir" (died2004 ),Indian ,Sindhi -language poet[ 12] July 6 –Harold Norse (died2009 ),American poet and memoirist; writes seminal memoir of the Beat poets in Paris August 1 August 29 –Rhydwen Williams (died1997 ),Welsh poet, novelist and minister of religion September 8 –Philip O'Connor (died1998 ),English writer andsurrealist poet September 13 –John Malcolm Brinnin (died1998 ),American poet and literary critic September 24 –W. J. Gruffydd (Elerydd) (died2011 ),Welsh September 25 –Paul Roche (died2007 ),English poet, translator and academic associated with theBloomsbury Group [ 22] October 10 –Samar Sen , সমর সেন (died1987 ),Bengali poet and journalist October 16 –David Gascoyne (died2001 ),English author and poet November 23 –P. K. Page (died2010 ),Canadian December 14 –Harold Stewart (died1995 ),Australian December 21 –Maurice Chappaz (died2009 ),Swiss ,French -language poet, travel writer, translator and author Also:Ghulam Nabi Aziz (died1965 ),Indian ,Kashmiri -language poet, nephew ofAbdul Ahad Azad [ 12] Jnanindra Barma (died1990 ),Indian ,Oriya -language poet[ 12] Ghulam Nabi Dilsoz (died1941 ),Indian ,Kashmiri -language poet[ 12] Margaret Irvin ,Australian [ 23] Sheikh Davud Kavi ,Indian ,Telugu -language poet, scholar and translator[ 12] Sankeevani Marathi ,Indian ,Marathi -language[ 12] Dina Nath Kaul Nadim (died1987 ),Indian ,Kashmiri -language poet[ 12] Felix Paul Noronha ,Indian ,Marathi -language poet in theKonkani dialect[ 12] Lal Chand Prarthi (died1982 ),Indian ,Dogri -language Pahadi poet and editor[ 12] Tom Rawling (died1996 ),English poet and anglerPinakin Thakore ,Indian ,Gujarati -language poet[ 12] Pritam Singh Safir (died1999 ),Indian ,Punjabi -language poet[ 12] Raghunath Vishnu Pandit (died1990 ),Indian ,Konkani language poet also writing inMarathi , modernist poet, novelist, short-story writer and essayist[ 12] Takis Varvitsiotis (died2011 ),Greek poet Note "Killed in World War I" subsection, below. Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
February 7 –William Little (born1839 ),English -bornAustralian February 12 –John Townsend Trowbridge (born1827 ),American poet and author March 11 –Duncan MacGregor Crerar (born1836 ),Scottish April 26 –Mário de Sá-Carneiro (born1890 ),Portuguese -born poet and novelist, suicide July 1? –Arabella Eugenia Smith (born1844 ),American August 27 –Petar Kočić (born1877 ), BosnianSerb October 7 –James Whitcomb Riley (born1849 ),American October 21 –Olindo Guerrini (born1845 ),Italian October 25 –John Todhunter (born1839 ),Irish poet and playwright November 27 –Emile Verhaeren (born1855 ),Belgian French language Symbolist poet December 9 –Natsume Sōseki 夏目 漱石 (commonly referred to as "Sōseki"),pen name of Natsume Kinnosuke 夏目金之助 (born1867 ),Japanese Meiji Era novelist, haiku poet, composer of Chinese-style poetry, writer of fairy tales and a scholar of English literature; from 1984–2004, his portrait will feature on the 1000 yen note Also: Killed in World War I [ edit ] January 24 – H. Rex Freston (born1891 ),English poet January 27 –C. Morton Horne (born1885 ),Irish -born musical comedy performer, writer and war poet May 31 –Gorch Fock (born1880 ),German poet and novelist July 1 –First day on the Somme : July 4 –Alan Seeger (born1888 ),American poet who joined theFrench Foreign Legion in 1914 and died in battle, cheering on his fellow soldiers after being hit; uncle of American folk singerPete Seeger September 9 –Tom Kettle (born1880 ),Irish writer and politician September 22 –Edward Tennant (born1897 ),English war poet November 14 – H. H. Munro ("Saki "; born1870 ),English poet, short story writer, novelist and playwright December 3 – Geoffrey Bache Smith (born1894 ),English poet ^a b Auster, Paul, ed. (1982).The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets ISBN 0-394-52197-8 ^ Enid the writer . Retrieved2014-01-23 .^ "Poets Killed on the First Day of the Somme" .Poetry of the First World War . Archived fromthe original on 2011-05-22. Retrieved2013-05-21 .^ Kennedy, Maev (2016-04-21)."Jailer complained about noisy Easter Rising prisoners, letter reveals" .The Guardian . Retrieved2024-03-10 .^ Cooper, Jeff."Timeline of the Dymock Poets 1911–1916" . Friends of the Dymock Poets. Retrieved2023-04-26 . ^ Ene, Ileana (2001). "Tabel cronologic". InPerpessicius (ed.).Studii eminesciene . Bucharest: Museum of Romanian Literature. p. 14.ISBN 973-8031-34-6 ^ Richardson, Joan (1986).Wallace Stevens: The Early Years, 1879-1923 . New York: Beech Tree Books. p. 445. ^a b Garvin, John William, ed. (1916).Canadian Poets . Retrieved2009-06-05 . ^ "Marjorie Pickthall 1883-1922: Works ," Canadian Women Poets, BrockU.ca, Web, Apr. 6, 2011 ^ Keith, W. J.,"Poetry in English: 1867-1918" , article inThe Canadian Encyclopedia , retrieved February 8, 2009 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cox, Michael, ed. (2004).The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature ISBN 0-19-860634-6 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Das, Sisir Kumar and various,History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2 Sahitya Akademi ,ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault Jr.,Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983 , 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi) ^ Richard Ellmann andRobert O'Clair , editors,The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry , W. W. Norton & Company, 1973,ISBN 0-393-09357-3 ^ Vinayak Krishna Gokak,The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965) , p 314ISBN 81-260-1196-3 ^ Bree, Germaine,Twentieth-Century French Literature , translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983 ^ Web page titled"POET Francis Jammes (1868 - 1938)" , at The Poetry Foundation website, retrieved August 30, 2009. 2009-09-03. ^ Fitts, Dudley, editor,Anthology of Contemporary Latin-American Poetry/Antología de la Poesía Americana Contemporánea Norfolk, Conn., New Directions, (also London: The Falcoln Press, but this book was "Printed in U.S.A.), 1947, p 603 ^ Story, Noah,The Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature , "Poetry in French" article, pp 651-654, Oxford University Press, 1967 ^ "Lord Tweedsmuir" , obituary,Daily Telegraph , London, July 9, 2008, retrieved December 9, 2008^ "Haenke, Helen Joyce (1916-1978)" .Australian Dictionary of Biography . Retrieved2007-05-21 .^ Fox, Margalit,"Paul Roche, Poet in Bloomsbury Group, Is Dead at 91" , obituary,The New York Times , November 25, 2007, retrieved December 22, 2008 ^ "Irvin, Margaret" . AustLit Database. Retrieved2007-05-21 .
