1914 United States Senate elections

← 1912 & 1913 November 3, 1914 1916 →
← 1908 1920 →
32 of the 96 seats in theUnited States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern[a] Jacob H. Gallinger[b] Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1911 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 53 42 Seats after 56 39 Seat change 3 3 Seats up 17 16 Races won 20 13   Third party   Party Progressive Seats before 1 Seats after 1 Seat change Seats up 0 Races won 0
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain     Democratic hold      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election John W. Kern Democratic ElectedMajority conference chairman John W. Kern Democratic

The1914 United States Senate elections were held on November 3, 1914. These were the first regularly scheduled elections held following the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which required that all seats up for election be popularly elected, rather than chosen by their state legislatures. Thus, it was the first time that elections were generally scheduled onElection Day to coincide with theU.S. House elections. The 32 seats ofClass 3 were contested in regular elections in 1914. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. These elections occurred in the middle of Democratic PresidentWoodrow Wilson's first term.

After a series of special elections, Democrats entered the election with a 53–42 majority, which they expanded to 56–39 after the elections.

This is one of five elections since 1914 in which the president's party gained Senate seats but lost House seats, something that would be repeated by Democrats in 1962 and 2022 and by Republicans in 1970 and 2018. This was the last time until2022 that no incumbent senator lost reelection in a general election, although two lost in party primaries. This was also the first of three times in American history that the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats, along with 1934 and 2022.^[1]

Four Republicans and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. One Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term.

Two Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary election.

One Democrat died on August 8, 1913, and his seat remained vacant until a May 11, 1914 special election.

One Democrat died during the 64th Congress and was replaced by a Democratic appointee.

In these special elections, the winners were seated once elected and qualified; ordered by election date.

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1915; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

Nineteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

1914 United States Senate special election in Alabama

← 1907 May 11, 1914 1914 →

Nominee Frank White Party Democratic Popular vote 84,720 Percentage 99.93%

U.S. senator before election Joseph F. Johnston Democratic Elected U.S. senator Frank White Democratic

Incumbent Democratic U.S. SenatorJoseph F. Johnston died August 8, 1913. Two appointees,Henry D. Clayton andFranklin P. Glass, were named to replace Johnston, but both faced challenges and were ultimately not seated.^[36] A special election was held to fill out the remaining months of Johnston's term. AttorneyFrank White won the Democratic primary on April 6, 1914, and was elected unopposed in the special general election on May 11, 1914.

1914 United States Senate election in Alabama

← 1914 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Oscar Underwood Alex C. Birch Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 63,389 12,320 Percentage 78.13% 15.18%

County results Underwood:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90% Birch:     40–50%     60–70% Longshore:     50–60%

U.S. senator before election Frank White Democratic Elected U.S. senator Oscar Underwood Democratic

White declined to run in the regular election for a full term. U.S. RepresentativeOscar Underwood, theHouse Majority Leader, won theDemocratic primary over RepresentativeRichmond P. Hobson. He then defeated Alex C. Birch, theRepublican nominee, in the general election.

1914 United States Senate election in Arizona

← 1912 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Marcus A. Smith Don Lorenzo Hubbell Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 25,800 9,183 Percentage 53.23% 18.95%   Nominee Eugene W. Chafin Bert Davis Party Prohibition Socialist Popular vote 7,293 3,582 Percentage 15.05% 7.39%   Nominee J. Bernard Nelson Party Progressive Popular vote 2,608 Percentage 5.38%

County results Smith:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%

U.S. senator before election Marcus A. Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator Marcus A. Smith Democratic

Incumbent DemocratMarcus A. Smith was elected in1912 with 50% of the vote and sought re-election. Although he easily defeated his primary challenger, he faced a large field of candidates in the general election.State Senator and traderDon Lorenzo Hubbell was the Republican nominee. Third-party candidates includedEugene W. Chafin of the Prohibition Party, who ran for president under the party's nomination, as well as Socialist Bert Davis and Progressive J. Bernard Nelson.

Smith received over half of the vote, defeating each candidate by a wide margin. He was elected to his second term.

1914 United States Senate election in Arkansas

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1916 (special) →

Nominee James P. Clarke Harry H. Myers Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 33,449 11,222 Percentage 74.88% 25.12%

Results by county Clarke:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90% Myers:     50–60%

U.S. senator before election James P. Clarke Democratic Elected U.S. senator James P. Clarke Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in California

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee James Duval Phelan Francis J. Heney Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 279,896 255,232 Percentage 31.59% 28.81%   Nominee Joseph R. Knowland Ernest Untermann Party Republican Socialist Popular vote 254,159 56,805 Percentage 28.69% 6.41%

County results Phelan:     <40%     40-50%     50-60% Heney:     <40% Knowland:     <40%     40-50%

U.S. senator before election George Clement Perkins Republican Elected U.S. senator James Duval Phelan Democratic

Incumbent RepublicanGeorge Clement Perkins was first elected in an1895 special election and was re-elected for three more terms. He did not seek re-election.

U.S. RepresentativeJoseph R. Knowland ofOakland was the Republican nominee for this seat in 1914. He was challenged by the Democratic nominee, formermayor ofSan FranciscoJames Duval Phelan, and Progressive nomineeFrancis J. Heney, the former attorney general of theArizona Territory.

Phelan defeated Heney and Knowland by slim margins and with less than a third of the vote.

1914 United States Senate election in Colorado

← 1913 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Charles S. Thomas Hubert Work Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 102,037 98,728 Percentage 40.30% 38.99%   Nominee Benjamin Griffith James C. Griffiths Party Progressive Socialist Popular vote 27,072 13,943 Percentage 10.69% 5.51%

County results Thomas:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Work:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%

U.S. senator before election Charles S. Thomas Democratic Elected U.S. senator Charles S. Thomas Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in Connecticut

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Frank B. Brandegee Simeon E. Baldwin Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 89,983 76,081 Percentage 49.77% 42.08%

County results Municipality results Brandegee:     40-50%     50-60%     60-70%     70-80%     80-90% Baldwin:     40–50%     50–60%     60-70%

U.S. senator before election Frank B. Brandegee Republican Elected U.S. senator Frank B. Brandegee Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Florida

← 1909 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Duncan U. Fletcher J. N. C. Stockton Party Democratic Democratic Popular vote 32,042 21,733 Percentage 59.59% 40.42%

County results Fletcher:     50-60%     60-70%     70-80% Stockton:     50-60%     70-80%

U.S. senator before election Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic Elected U.S. senator Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic

Incumbent DemocratDuncan Fletcher was elected in a special election after being appointed whenWilliam Hall Milton retired after a year in office. He sought re-election to a full term, facing competition only in the primary.

There were two elections due to the February 14, 1914, death of DemocratAugustus Octavius Bacon. It was the first time that both of Georgia's Senate seats have been up for election at the same time.

1914 United States Senate special election in Georgia

← 1913 November 3, 1914 1918 →

Nominee Thomas W. Hardwick Rufe G. Hutchens Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 62,589 28,169 Percentage 68.96% 31.04%

County results Hardwick:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90% Hutchens:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90% No Vote:

U.S. senator before election William S. West Democratic Elected U.S. senator Thomas W. Hardwick Democratic

DemocratWilliam West was appointed to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate.

DemocratThomas W. Hardwick was elected November 3, 1914, to finish the term that would end in 1919 and served untillosing renomination in 1918.

1914 United States Senate election in Georgia

← 1911 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee M. Hoke Smith C. W. McClure Party Democratic Progressive Popular vote 61,789 28,441 Percentage 68.48% 31.52%

County results Smith:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90% McClure:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90% No Vote:

U.S. senator before election M. Hoke Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator M. Hoke Smith Democratic

DemocratM. Hoke Smith, who hadfirst won in a 1911 special election, was re-elected and would serve until his1920 renomination loss.

1914 United States Senate election in Idaho

← 1913 (special) November 3, 1914 1918 (special) →

Nominee James H. Brady James H. Hawley Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 47,486 41,266 Percentage 43.89% 38.14%   Nominee Paul Clagstone Calistus Cooper Party Progressive Socialist Popular vote 10,321 7,888 Percentage 9.54% 7.29%

County results Brady:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Hawley:     40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election James H. Brady Republican Elected U.S. senator James H. Brady Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Illinois

← 1913 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Lawrence Y. Sherman Roger C. Sullivan Raymond Robins Party Republican Democratic Progressive Popular vote 390,661 373,403 203,027 Percentage 38.46% 36.76% 19.99%

Results by county Sherman:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Sullivan:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Robins:     30–40%     40–50% Tie:     40-50%

U.S. senator before election Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican Elected U.S. senator Lawrence Y. Sherman Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Indiana

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1916 (special) →

Nominee Benjamin F. Shively Hugh Thomas Miller Albert J. Beveridge Party Democratic Republican Progressive Popular vote 272,249 226,766 108,581 Percentage 42.14% 35.10% 16.81%

County results Shively:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Miller:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Beveridge:     30-40%

U.S. senator before election Benjamin F. Shively Democratic Elected U.S. senator Benjamin F. Shively Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in Iowa

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Albert B. Cummins Maurice Connolly Otis Spurgeon Party Republican Democratic Independent Popular vote 205,832 167,251 24,490 Percentage 48.19% 39.16% 5.73%

Results by county Cummins:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80% Connolly:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60%     70–80%

U.S. senator before election Albert B. Cummins Republican Elected U.S. senator Albert B. Cummins Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Kansas

← 1908 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Charles Curtis George A. Neeley Victor Murdock Party Republican Democratic Progressive Popular vote 180,823 176,929 116,755 Percentage 35.53% 34.77% 22.94%

Results by county Curtis:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Neeley:     30–40%     40–50% Murdock:     40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election Joseph Little Bristow Republican Elected U.S. senator Charles Curtis Republican

There were 2 elections to the same seat due to the May 23, 1914, death of one-term RepublicanWilliam O. Bradley.

1914 United States Senate special election in Kentucky

← 1908 November 3, 1914 1914 →

Nominee Johnson N. Camden Jr. William Marshall Bullitt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 177,797 133,139 Percentage 53.99% 40.43%

County results Camden:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90% Bullitt:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%

U.S. senator before election Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. senator Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic

DemocratJohnson N. Camden was appointed June 16, 1914, to continue Bradley's term, pending a special election. He was challenged byU.S. Solicitor GeneralWilliam Marshall Bullitt.

Camden was elected in November to finish the term ending 1915.

1914 United States Senate election in Kentucky

← 1914 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee John C. W. Beckham Augustus E. Willson Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 176,605 144,758 Percentage 51.89% 42.53%

County results Beckham:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90% Willson:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%

U.S. senator before election Johnson N. Camden Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. senator John C. W. Beckham Democratic

Democratic appointeeJohnson N. Camden was not a candidate for the next term, instead returning to agricultural activities on a farm.

In this race, two formergovernors of Kentucky fought for the seat. The Democratic nominee wasJohn C. W. Beckham, who was sworn in after the assassination ofWilliam Goebel in 1900. The Republican nominee wasAugustus E. Willson, who flipped the seat in1907 after Beckham's term ended.

Beckham won the election, and would continue to serve until hisre-election loss.

1914 United States Senate election in Louisiana

← 1910 (special) November 3, 1914 1918 (special) →

Nominee Robert F. Broussard Party Democratic

U.S. senator before election John Thornton Democratic Elected U.S. senator Robert F. Broussard Democratic

SenatorRobert F. Broussard had already been elected on May 21, 1912, indirectly by the state legislature.

1914 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1908 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee John Walter Smith Edward Carrington Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 110,204 94,864 Percentage 50.99% 43.89%

County results Carrington:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Smith:     40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election John Walter Smith Democratic Elected U.S. senator John Walter Smith Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in Missouri

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1918 (special) →

Nominee William J. Stone Thomas Akins Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 311,616 257,054 Percentage 50.41% 41.58%

County results Stone:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90% Akins:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%

U.S. senator before election William J. Stone Democratic Elected U.S. senator William J. Stone Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in Nevada

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1918 (special) →

Nominee Francis G. Newlands Samuel Platt Ashley Miller Party Democratic Republican Socialist Popular vote 8,078 8,038 5,451 Percentage 37.46% 37.27% 25.28%

County results Newlands:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Platt:     30–40%     40–50%     50–60% Miller:     30–40%     40–50%

U.S. senator before election Francis G. Newlands Democratic Elected U.S. senator Francis G. Newlands Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1918 (special) →

Nominee Jacob H. Gallinger Raymond B. Stevens Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 42,113 36,382 Percentage 51.66% 44.63%

County results Gallinger:     40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election Jacob H. Gallinger Republican Elected U.S. senator Jacob H. Gallinger Republican

1914 United States Senate election in New York

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee James W. Wadsworth James W. Gerard Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 639,112 571,419 Percentage 47.04% 42.06

County Results Wadsworth:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Gerard:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%

U.S. senator before election Elihu Root Republican Elected U.S. senator James W. Wadsworth Republican

1914 United States Senate election in North Carolina

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Lee S. Overman A. A. Whitener Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 121,342 87,101 Percentage 58.10% 41.70%

County Results Overman:     50-60%     60-70%     70-80%     80-90%     >90% Whitener:     50-60%     60-70%     70-80%

U.S. senator before election Lee S. Overman Democratic Elected U.S. senator Lee S. Overman Democratic

1914 United States Senate election in North Dakota

← 1911 (special) November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Asle Gronna William E. Purcell W. H. Brown Party Republican Democratic Socialist Popular vote 48,732 29,640 6,231 Percentage 55.82% 33.95 7.14

County results Gronna:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80% Purcell:     50–60% No Vote:

U.S. senator before election Asle Gronna Republican Elected U.S. senator Asle Gronna Republican

1914 United States Senate election in Ohio

← 1909 November 3, 1914 1920 →

Nominee Warren G. Harding Timothy S. Hogan Arthur L. Garford Party Republican Democratic Progressive Popular vote 526,115 423,742 67,509 Percentage 49.16% 39.60% 6.31%

County results Harding:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70% Hogan:     40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election Theodore E. Burton Republican Elected U.S. senator Warren G. Harding Republican