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All 386 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 194 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle ofPresidentTheodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after theassassination of William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of theUnited States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the58th United States Congress.
Due to the increased size of the House and thereapportionment that resulted from the1900 U.S. census, theRepublican Party and theDemocratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. ThePopulist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[citation needed]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in1814 and1822.
29 new seats were added inreapportionment following the1900 census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
| 176 | 3 | 207 |
| Democratic | IR | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
| Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| California | Districts | 8 | 3 | 5 | |||
| Colorado | District +at-large[f] | 3[g] | 0 | 3 | |||
| Connecticut | District +at-large[f] | 5 | 0 | 5 | |||
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Florida | Districts | 3 | 3 | 0 | |||
| Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||
| Idaho | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | |||
| Illinois | Districts | 25 | 8 | 17 | |||
| Indiana | Districts | 13 | 4 | 9 | |||
| Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | 10 | |||
| Kansas | District +at-large | 8 | 0 | 8 | |||
| Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 10 | 1 | |||
| Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| Maine[i] | Districts | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
| Maryland | Districts | 6 | 2 | 4 | |||
| Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 4 | 10 | |||
| Michigan | Districts | 12 | 1 | 11 | |||
| Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 1 | 8 | |||
| Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 8 | 0 | |||
| Missouri | Districts | 16 | 15 | 1 | |||
| Montana | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | |||
| Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] | 1 | 5 | |||
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 3 | 7 | |||
| New York | Districts | 37 | 17 | 20 | |||
| North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 10 | 0 | |||
| North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Ohio | Districts | 21 | 4 | 17 | |||
| Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | 3 | 29[d] | |||
| Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
| South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | 2 | |||
| Texas | Districts | 16 | 16 | 0 | |||
| Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
| Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | 1 | |||
| Washington | At-large | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||
| West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 0 | 5 | |||
| Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1 | 10 | |||
| Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Total | 386 | 176 45.6% | 210[d] 54.4% | ||||
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The previous election had 5Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 7 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1876(retired) 1882(retired) 1898 | Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. Republican gain. |
Others
|
| Pennsylvania 17 | Rufus K. Polk | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Kentucky 3 | John S. Rhea | Democratic | 1896 | Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to becomeU.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested byGeorge C. R. Wagoner. |
|
| New York 10 | Amos J. Cummings | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below. |
|
| New Jersey 4 | Joshua S. Salmon | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Texas 3 | Reese C. De Graffenreid | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| New York 26 | George W. Ray | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
| Texas 4 | John L. Sheppard | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold. |
|
| Connecticut 3 | Charles A. Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 8 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[5] | |
| Colorado 1 | John F. Shafroth | Fusion | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. |
|
| Colorado 2 | John C. Bell | Populist | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Colorado at-large | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[4] | |
| Connecticut 1 | E. Stevens Henry | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 2 | Nehemiah D. Sperry | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 3 | Frank B. Brandegee | Republican | 1902(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut 4 | Ebenezer J. Hill | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Connecticut at-large | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
Others
| ||
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 3 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
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SeeNon-voting delegates, below.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
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| Incumbent | This Race | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Member | Party | First Elected | Results | Candidates |
| Kansas 1 | Charles Curtis | Republican | 1892 | ||
| Kansas 2 | Justin De Witt Bowersock | Republican | 1898 | ||
| Kansas 3 | Philip Campbell | Republican | 1902 | ||
| Kansas 4 | James Monroe Miller | Republican | 1898 | ||
| Kansas 5 | William Calderhead | Republican | 1898 | ||
| Kansas 6 | William Reeder | Republican | 1898 | ||
| Kansas 7 | Chester Long | Republican | 1898 | ||
| Kansas At Large | Charles Frederick Scott | Republican | 1900 |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 5 | Sydney E. Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Massachusetts 6 | Vacant | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to becomeU.S. Secretary of the Navy. Republican hold. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Citizens Democratic gain. |
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| Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 11 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[7] | |
| Minnesota 1 | James A. Tawney | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 2 | James McCleary | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 3 | Joel Heatwole | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Minnesota 4 | Frederick Stevens | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Minnesota 5 | Loren Fletcher | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
Others
|
| Minnesota 6 | Page Morris | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Minnesota 7 | Frank Eddy | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Minnesota 8 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Minnesota 9 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 5 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
| Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the6th district. | Democratic | 1898(special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams Redistricted from the5th district. | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[16] | |
| Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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| Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899(special) | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
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SeeNon-voting delegates, below.
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[23] | |
| North Dakota at-large 2 seats on ageneral ticket | Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[24] | |
| Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began. |
|
| Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 | Incumbent retired torun for U.S. senator. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired torun for Governor of South Carolina. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired torun for U.S. senator. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 7 | A. Frank Lever | Democratic | 1901(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[25] | |
| South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on ageneral ticket) | Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[36] | |
| Vermont 1 | David J. Foster | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont 2 | Kittredge Haskins | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[37] | |
| Virginia 1 | William A. Jones | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 2 | Harry L. Maynard | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 3 | John Lamb | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 4 | Francis R. Lassiter | Democratic | 1900(special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Virginia 5 | Claude A. Swanson | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1901(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Virginia 7 | James Hay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 8 | John Franklin Rixey | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 9 | William F. Rhea | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| Virginia 10 | Henry D. Flood | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Washington at-large (3 seats elected on ageneral ticket) | Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
| Francis W. Cushman | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| West Virginia 4 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the4th district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1902.[44][45] This was Wisconsin's first election with eleven congressional seats, up from ten in the previous term.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 2 | Herman Dahle | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 3 | Joseph W. Babcock | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 4 | Theobald Otjen | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 5 | Samuel S. Barney | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 6 | James H. Davidson | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent redistricted to 8th district. Democratic gain. |
|
| Wisconsin 7 | John J. Esch | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin 8 | Edward S. Minor | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 9th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 9 | Webster E. Brown | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent redistricted to 10th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 10 | John J. Jenkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 11th district. Republican hold. |
|
| Wisconsin 11 | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[46] | |
| Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arizona Territory at-large | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
| Hawaii Territory at-large | Robert Wilcox | Home Rule | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
| New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
| Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894(lost) 1898 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|