_Shaposhnikov.png) Shaposhnikov modeled from itslightcurve | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | T. Smirnova |
| Discovery site | Crimean Astrophysical Obs. |
| Discovery date | 18 April 1972 |
| Designations | |
| (1902) Shaposhnikov | |
| Pronunciation | /ʃəˈpɒʃnɪkɒv/ |
Named after | Vladimir Shaposhnikov (Soviet astronomer)[2] |
| 1972 HU · 1940 GK 1941 MC · 1950 TD4 1951 WY1 · 1951 YD 1958 TP1 · 1958 VB 1959 XA · 1972 JA | |
| main-belt · (outer)[1] Hilda[3] · background[4] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 77.07 yr (28,149 days) |
| Aphelion | 4.8450AU |
| Perihelion | 3.0853 AU |
| 3.9651 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2219 |
| 7.90yr (2,884 days) | |
| 186.17° | |
| 0° 7m 29.28s / day | |
| Inclination | 12.495° |
| 59.315° | |
| 268.16° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 83.443±1.723 km[5] 89.24±33.98 km[6] 91.60±1.54 km[7] 96.86±3.2 km[8] 97.01 km(derived)[3] | |
| 14 h(dated)[9] 20.987±0.005 h[10][a] 20.9959±0.0005 h[11] 21.2 h[12] 21.34 h[13] | |
| 0.0296±0.002[8] 0.034±0.001[7] 0.0385(derived)[3] 0.040±0.012[5] 0.04±0.05[6] | |
| Tholen =X[1][3] · P[14] B–V = 0.729[1] U–B = 0.254[1] | |
| 9.22[3][12] · 9.29±0.27[15] · 9.51[1][6][7][8] | |
1902 Shaposhnikov (prov. designation:1972 HU) is a darkHilda asteroid from the outermost region of theasteroid belt, approximately 92 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1972, by Russian astronomerTamara Smirnova at theCrimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula.[16] The asteroid was named after Soviet astronomer and WWII casualtyVladimir Shaposhnikov.[2] It was one of the last larger asteroids discovered in the main belt.
Shaposhnikov belongs to the dynamicHilda group.[3] Members of this group stay in a 3:2orbital resonance with the gas giantJupiter and are located in theoutermost part of the asteroid belt.Shaposhnikov is, however, not a member of the collisionalHilda family (001) but a non-family asteroid of thebackground population when applying theHierarchical Clustering Method to itsproper orbital elements.[4] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.1–4.8 AU once every 7 years and 11 months (2,884 days;semi-major axis of 3.97 AU). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.22 and aninclination of 12° with respect to theecliptic.[1] The body'sobservation arc begins with its first observation as1940 GK atTurku Observatory in April 1940, or 32 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnyj.[16]
Thisminor planet was named in honour of Vladimir Grigorevich Shaposhnikov (1905–1942), who worked at theSimeiz Observatory and was an expert inastrometry, before he was killed on theEastern Front during the Second World War.[2] The officialnaming citation was published by theMinor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3936).[17]
In theTholen classification,Shaposhnikov is anX-type asteroid, which encompasses the E, M and P-types.[1][3] Since its albedo is known to be very low(see below), itsspectral type has been refined to a primitiveP-type asteroid.[14] In addition, it has been characterized as aD-type asteroid in the Bus–DeMeo taxonomy.[14]: 42
Several rotationallightcurves ofShaposhnikov have been obtained from photometric observations since 1989.[9][10][12][13][a] Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidatedrotation period of 21.2 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.29 and 0.42magnitude (U=2/2+/3).[3][12] Most asteroid haveperiods below 20 hours.
A 2016-published study also modeledShaposhnikov's lightcurve using photometric data from various sources. It gave asidereal period of 20.9959 hours, as well as aspin axis inecliptic coordinates (λ, β) of (326.0°, 37.0°) and (144.0°, 79.0°).[11]
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical SatelliteIRAS, the JapaneseAkari satellite and theNEOWISE mission of NASA'sWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,Shaposhnikov measures between 83.443 and 96.86 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a lowalbedo between 0.0296 and 0.04.[5][6][7][8]
TheCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0385 and a diameter of 97.01 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 9.22.[3]
Based on current diameter estimates,Shaposhnikov is the most recent discovered outer main-belt asteroid that is near the 100-kilometer diameter range. The next larger asteroid,1390 Abastumani (101 km) was already discovered in the 1930s, four decades earlier.[18]
