| 18th Lok Sabha | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
 | |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Indian Parliament | ||||
| Term | 10 June 2024 – 2029 | ||||
| Election | 2024 Indian general election | ||||
| Government | Fifth National Democratic Alliance Government | ||||
| Opposition | Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||
| Sovereign | |||||
| President | Droupadi Murmu | ||||
| Vice President | C.P. Radhakrishnan | ||||
| House of the People | |||||
 By party By alliance | |||||
| Members | 543 | ||||
| Speaker of the House | Om Birla | ||||
| Leader of the House | Narendra Modi | ||||
| Deputy Leader of the House | Rajnath Singh | ||||
| Leader of the Opposition | Rahul Gandhi | ||||
| Deputy Leader of the Opposition | Gaurav Gogoi | ||||
| Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | Kiren Rijiju | ||||
| Party control | National Democratic Alliance | ||||
The18th Lok Sabha was formed aftergeneral elections were held in India over seven phases from 19 April to 1 June 2024, to elect all members from543 constituencies of theLok Sabha. The votes were counted, and the results were declared on 4 June 2024. TheBharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a plurality of seats with 240, followed by theIndian National Congress (INC) with 99 seats[1] With the required absolute majority being 272 seats, having 293 seats, the BJP-ledNational Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalitionformed the government.[2][3][4] Prime Minister of IndiaNarendra Modi (BJP) is theLeader of the House andRahul Gandhi (INC) is theLeader of the Opposition.
On 26 June 2024,Om Birla, waselected as theSpeaker of the Lok Sabha, defeating the opposition candidateKodikunnil Suresh, in a voice vote, making it fourth election of Lok Sabha speaker in the history of India.[6] The last time elections were held for the post of speaker was in 1976 during the tenure of the5th Lok Sabha, withBaliram Bhagat ofINC(R) defeatingJagannathrao Joshi ofBJS. Birla became the 5th Speaker of the Lok Sabha to retain his post for 2 consecutive terms, afterG. M. C. Balayogi,Balram Jakhar,G. S. Dhillon andM. A. Ayyangar.[7]
| Sl.no | Chairperson name | Party | Seat | Term start | Term end | Appointed by | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Jagdambika Pal | BJP | Domariyaganj | 1 July 2024 (2024-07-01) | Incumbent | Om Birla | |
| 2. | P. C. Mohan | BJP | Bangalore Central | ||||
| 3. | Sandhya Ray | BJP | Bhind | ||||
| 4. | Dilip Saikia | BJP | Darrang–Udalguri | ||||
| 5. | Selja Kumari | INC | Sirsa | ||||
| 6. | A. Raja | DMK | Nilgiris | ||||
| 7. | Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar | AITC | Barasat | ||||
| 8. | Krishna Prasad Tenneti | TDP | Bapatla | ||||
| 9. | Awadhesh Prasad | SP | Faizabad | ||||
| Party | Elected members | Members with criminal charges | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BJP | 240 | 94 | 39% | |
| INC | 99 | 49 | 49% | |
| SP | 37 | 21 | 56% | |
| AITC | 29 | 13 | 45% | |
| DMK | 22 | 13 | 59% | |
| TDP | 16 | 8 | 50% | |
| JD(U) | 12 | 2 | 17% | |
| SS | 7 | 5 | 71% | |
| CPI(M) | 4 | 0 | 0% | |
| RJD | 4 | 4 | 100% | |
| AAP | 3 | 1 | 33% | |
| CPI | 2 | 0 | 0% | |
| CPI(ML)L | 2 | 2 | 100% | |
| Independent | 7 | 7 | 100% | |
The 18th Lok Sabha has members from 41 different parties. Out of the 543 seats of the Lok Sabha, 346 members (~64%) are from the6 recognised national parties, 179 seats (~33%) are from therecognised state parties, 11 seats (~2%) are from theunrecognised parties and 7 seats (~1%) are from independent politicians. 262 (~48%) have previously served as MPs and 216 (~40%) were re-elected from the17th Lok Sabha.[11]
The average age of the elected MPs is 56 years, down from 59 years in the17th Lok Sabha. Four elected MPs are of the age of 25, which is the minimum age to contest:Shambhavi Choudhary (ofLok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) party fromSamastipur seat),Sanjana Jatav (ofIndian National Congress party fromBharatpur seat),Pushpendra Saroj (ofSamajwadi Party fromKaushambi seat) andPriya Saroj (of Samajwadi Party fromMachhlishahr seat). The oldest elected MP wasT. R. Baalu (of theDravida Munnetra Kazhagam party fromSriperumbudur seat) at the age of 82, having won the national elections for the seventh time.[12] The number of women was reduced by four to 74 (~14%),[11] considerably short of the 33% which will be required after theWomen's Reservation Bill, 2023 is enforced. This Bill will be enacted after thedelimitation of constituencies happens after the 2024 elections andnext census.[13] About 16% of the total women MPs are below the age of 40.[14] Out of all the women candidates contesting the elections, only 9.3% won.[15] The present Lok Sabha has a husband-wife couple ofAkhilesh Yadav and his wifeDimple (both of SP Party, fromKannauj seat andMainpuri seat respectively). The last time a couple had been elected was in the16th Lok Sabha.[16] In terms of religion, 24 MPs are Muslims (4.4%),[17] three are Buddhists (0.6%),[18] and the remaining 95% comprise Hindu, Sikh, Christian, and non-religious MPs.[19]
TheAssociation for Democratic Reforms has noted that nearly 46% of the elected members (251) have criminal cases registered against them. Of these, 170 (~31%) have been registered with serious crimes that includerape,murder,attempt to murder,kidnapping, and variouscrimes against women. Comparing this with the 17th Lok Sabha, a total of 233 MPs (~43%) had criminal charges, with 159 (~29%) had serious crimes registered against them.[9] 27 winning candidates have disclosed that they have been convicted in criminal cases. Four of these cases are related to murder under Section 302 of theIndian Penal Code (IPC) and 27 declared cases are related to attempt to murder.[20]
As per the self-declared forms submitted before the polls, all of the elected MPs are literate. During the election, 121 candidates had recorded themselves to be illiterates, but none of them won.[21] 78% of members have at least undergraduate education, and 5% have doctorates. Professionally, the majority of them indicated they were social workers or agriculturists, while 7% were lawyers and 4% were medical practitioners.[22]
With regards to economic standing, 93% of MPs hold family assets of more than₹1 crore (US$120,000) worth, which is an increase from 88% in 2019.[19] The average assets of all the MPs of the house computes to₹46.34 crore (US$5.5 million).[10]TDP memberChandra Sekhar Pemmasani, a doctor and businessman, has declared the highest assets of₹5,700 crore (US$670 million).[23]
Lok Sabha usually has three sessions in a year Budget Session (February to May), Monsoon session (July to September) and Winter session (November to December). Following sessions were held of 18th Lok Sabha.
| Session | Duration | Key Events | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 June 2024 - 2 July 2024 |
| [24][25] |
| 2 | 22 July 2024 - 9 August 2024 |
| [27] |
| 3 | 25 November 2024 - 20 December 2024 |
| [28] |
| 4 | 31 January 2025 - 4 April 2025 | [29] | |
| 5 | 21 July 2025 - 21 August 2025 |
| [30] |
| 6 | 1 December 2025 - 19 December 2025 |
| [31] |
| Presiding officers and parliamentary functionaries |
|  |
|---|---|---|
| Members | ||
| Members by the Lok Sabhas | ||
| Elections | ||
| Alliances | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parliamentary candidates | |||||||||
| Prime ministerial candidates |
| ||||||||
| Parties and leaders |
| ||||||||
| Campaign | |||||||||
| By state/UT |
| ||||||||
