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| 188th Rescue Squadron | |
|---|---|
 188th Fighter SquadronF-16C Fighting Falcon[a] | |
| Active | 1943–1945; 1947–1953; 1953–present |
| Country | United States of America |
| Branch |  Air National Guard |
| Type | Squadron |
| Role | Aircrew Training |
| Part of | New Mexico Air National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico |
| Nicknames | "Enchilada Air Force" "The Tacos"[1] |
| Engagements | European Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award withCombat "V' Device French Croix de Guerre with Palm Belgian Fourragère |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Lt. Col. Lonnie Mazuranich[2] |
| Insignia | |
| 188th Fighter Squadron emblem |  |
| Tail markings | Yellow Tail Stripe, "Roadrunner". In small letters on the base of the tail are the words "The Tacos" |
| 188th Fighter-Bomber Squadron emblem |  |
| 507th Fighter Squadron Emblem[3] |  |
| World War II fuselage code[3] | Y8 |
The188th Rescue Squadron (188 RQS), nicknamedthe Tacos, is unit of theNew Mexico Air National Guard. It is assigned to the150th Special Operations Wing located atKirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, from where they operate threeLockheed HC-130J Combat King IIs.
The squadron was first organized atKey Field, Mississippi in February 1943 as the621st Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the404th Bombardment Group. The squadron was initially equipped with a mix ofDouglas A-24 Banshees andBell P-39 Airacobras. In July 1943, the squadron moved toCongaree Army Air Field, South Carolina, where it was redesignated the507th Fighter-Bomber Squadron The following month. In early 1944, the squadron converted toRepublic P-47 Thunderbolts. Completing its training for combat in March, it deployed to the United Kingdom.[4][5]
The squadron arrived at its first overseas station,RAF Winkton, England in early April. It became operational on 1 May and began bombing andstrafing targets in France to help prepare forOperation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. At the end of the month, it dropped the "Bomber" from its name and became the507th Fighter Squadron, but retained theair support mission. The squadron provided top cover for the landings onD-Day. A month later, on 6 July, the squadron moved toChippelle Airfield in France, from which it provided air support forOperation Cobra, the Allied breakout atSaint-Lô, later that month. Despite suffering heavy losses fromflak, the squadron helped cover fourarmored divisions dunging the breakout.[5] This support earned the squadron theFrench Croix de Guerre with Palm.[4]
The squadron supported theAllied advance across the Netherlands, operating from bases in France and fromSint-Truiden Airfield, Belgium. Its actions in this area, resulted in the squadron beingcited in the order of the day of the Belgian Army and the award of theBelgian Fourragère for its contributions to the liberation of the Belgian people.[4] On 10 September, the squadron participated in threearmed reconnaissance missions. On these missions, despite adverse weather and heavy antiaircraft fire, the squadron attackedlines of communications, factories and rail targets as ground forces advanced. These missions earned the squadron theDistinguished Unit Citation.[5]
During December 1944 and January 1945, attacked German positions during theBattle of the Bulge. Later it supportedOperation Lumberjack and the establishment of a bridgehead on the west bank of theRhine in March 1945. The squadron also flewair interdiction missions, strafing and bombing troop concentrations, railroads, highways, bridges, ammunition and fuel dumps, armored vehicles, docks, and tunnels. It covered bombing missions byBoeing B-17 Flying Fortresses,Consolidated B-24 Liberators, andMartin B-26 Marauders.[5] On 4 May, the squadron flew armed reconnaissance missions that would prove to be its last combat missions of the war.[6]
The squadron briefly served withoccupation forces in Germany before returning to the United States in August 1945. It reassembled atDrew Field, Florida on 11 September, but was inactivated on 9 November 1945.[4]
507th Fighter Squadron was redesignated the188th Fighter Squadron on 24 May 1946, and allotted to theNational Guard. It was organized atKirtland Field, New Mexico and was extended federal recognition on 7 July 1947. The squadron was equipped withNorth American F-51D Mustangs and a fewDouglas A-26 Invaders,[7] The 188th's post-war mission was theair defense of New Mexico.
On 10 February 1951, the 188th wasfederalized and brought to active duty for theKorean War.[8] A total of 54 officers and 400 airmen moved toLong Beach Municipal Airport, California, as part of the1st Fighter-Interceptor Wing.[7] It was redesignated the188th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, with a mission of air defense ofSouthern California. Most unit members were transferred to active-duty Air Force units and deployed to Japan and South Korea. First Lieutenants Robert Lucas and Joseph Murray were killed while flying close air support missions in Korea. Captain Francis Williams and First Lieutenant Robert Sands were each credited with threeMiG-15 kills.[7] The squadron was kept up to strength with regulars, reservists and other guardsmen.
The squadron began to re-equip withNorth American F-86E Sabres in October 1951, but reverted to Mustangs two months later.Air Defense Command, however, was having difficulty adapting thewing base organization to the dispersed squadrons required for the air defense mission. In February 1952, it inactivated its fighter wings, including the 1st Wing, and replaced them with regional organizations.[9] The squadron was assigned to the4705th Defense Wing, which acted as a temporary headquarters for former 1st Wing operational squadrons. In March, the squadron was assigned to the27th Air Division. The unit was released from active duty in November 1952, transferring its personnel and Mustangs to the regular354th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.[8][10]
After the Korean War ended, the 188th was redesignated the188th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and equipped withLockheed F-80C Shooting Star jet aircraft. In July 1955, it once again became the188th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and augmentedAir Defense Command, being gained byWestern Air Defense Force.
On 1 July 1957, the 188th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the150th Fighter Group was established. The 188th becoming the group's flying squadron. Other squadrons assigned into the group were the group headquarters, 150th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 150th Air Base Squadron, and the 150th USAF Dispensary. Also, the 188th assumed 24-hour air defensealert status at Kirtland. In April 1958, the first Air National Guard unit to receive theNorth American F-100A Super Sabre was the 188th, which received these planes in April 1958. This conversion raised group strength to 956 officers and airmen.
In April 1961, an aircraft malfunction caused anAIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile to launch and shoot down aBoeing B-52B Stratofortress bomber nearGrants, New Mexico. The B-52B, from the95th Bombardment Wing took off fromBiggs Air Force Base, Texas on a training mission. During an intercept by two New Mexico ANG F-100As, an AIM-9B launched and impacted one of the engine pods on the bomber's left wing, taking the B-52's left wing off in the subsequent explosion. Three B-52 crewmembers died; the F-100 pilot was absolved of any blame.[11] In the fall of 1962, theCuban Missile Crisis put the 188th on an alert status that lasted for 90 days.
In 1964, the F-100As were retired and the 188th received newer F-100C and twin-seat F-100F Super Sabre trainers, and became the188th Tactical Fighter Squadron, gained byTactical Air Command. In January 1968, the group was activated as a result of thePueblo Crisis, and in June of that year the squadron and approximately 250 maintenance and support personnel were deployed toTuy Hoa Air Base,South Vietnam. Remaining group members were assigned to various bases inSouth Korea. The unit flew over 6000 combat sorties in the F-100C Super Sabre and amassed over 630 medals and decorations before release from federal active duty in June 1969. Captain Michael Adams was killed in action and Major Bobby Neeld and First Lieutenant Mitchell Lane remain listed as missing in action. The unit received theAir Force Outstanding Unit Award withCombat "V' Device.[7] After its Vietnam War deployment, the 188th was relieved from active duty and returned to New Mexico State Control on 4 June 1969.
In 1973, after the United States withdrew its forces from South Vietnam, the 188th became the first Air National Guard squadron to receiveLTV A-7D Corsair II subsonic tactical close air support aircraft from Tactical Air Command units that were preparing to receive the newFairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. Receiving its aircraft from the354th Tactical Fighter Wing atMyrtle Beach Air Force Base and the355th Tactical Fighter Wing atDavis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. The aircraft had excellent accuracy with the aid of an automatic electronic navigation and weapons delivery system. Although designed primarily as a ground attack aircraft, it also had limited air-to-air combat capability.
In 1977, the unit participated in the "Coronet Ante" exercise, which was part of theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization "Coldfire" exercise in Europe. The 150th TFG deployed nine A-7Ds toGilze Rijen Air Base, The Netherlands, from 2 September through 27 September 1977. Close air support missions were flown over The Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and the North Sea. In 1980, the 188th received the new twin-seat A-7K trainer.
In 1980, the 150th Tactical Fighter Group was the first guard unit to be assigned to theRapid Deployment Joint Task Force; the first to participate in Bright Star joint service exercises in Southwest Asia; the first to receive theLow Altitude Night Attack modification to the A-7D; the first to participate in a deployed bare base operational readiness inspection, and the first to have a crew chief as a member of theAir Force Thunderbirds. Additionally, the unit set an A-7D and first endurance record of 11 1/2 hours non-stop fromPease Air Force Base, New Hampshire toCairo West Air Base, Egypt.
The unit was partially activated in support ofOperation Desert Storm, although no A-7D aircraft were sent to Southwest Asia. On 11 December 1990, 44 members of the 150th Security Police Flight and other unit members were deployed to Saudi Arabia. All members returned home by May 1991.[7]
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Early in the 1990s with the end of the Cold War and the continued decline in military budgets, the Air Force restructured to meet changes in strategic requirements, decreasing personnel, and a smaller infrastructure. The 150th Group adopted the new USAF Objective Wing Organization in early 1992, with the word "tactical" being eliminated from its designation and the squadron became the188th Fighter Squadron.
The 188th flew A-7D's for twenty years before converting to theGeneral Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon. On 11 May 1992 the 188th received its first Block 40 F-16C and their last A-7D left on 28 September 1992, being retired to Davis-Monthan AFBAerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center storage. With this event the A-7D was almost phased out completely as the 188th was one of the last Air National Guard units to fly the venerable aircraft.
However, instead of converting to older F-16A/B models, the squadron received relatively new block 40 aircraft. This type had theLow Altitude Night Targeting Infra Red Navigational system (LANTIRN) on board for advanced navigation and targeting by day and night. Again, the 188th was the first within the Air National Guard to have this capacity. On 1 October 150th expanded to become a Wing, and the 188th Fighter Squadron became part of the new 150th Operations Group.
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An out of the ordinary organizational setup was also at hand in the 188th. Within the squadron was another flight – being the 150th Defense Systems Evaluation Flight – which flew F-16C block 30 aircraft. It typically had about five on hand. Even during the time frame when the 188th was flying block 40s the flight had F-16 block 30s. The flight provided fighter aircraft support to the US Army Air Defense Center andWhite Sands Missile Range.
Typically testing for the army and various navies around the world. With the USAF, the flight was selected to do all the flight tests for theF/A-22 Raptor before they leave the Marietta factory in Georgia. Tests usually involved avionics, radar systems and more. The squadron would deploy two F-16s to the Marietta factory adjacent toDobbins Air Reserve Base, Atlanta, Georgia for a six-week period for each test. But for the most part any other tests were done over theWhite Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The flight was discontinued in 2007 with many jets departing during the year prior.
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In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with air expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force concept was developed that would mix active duty, reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, theAir Force Reserve Command and theAir National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.
In April 1998, the squadron was the major force provider for the 188th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, deploying 6 F-16s and support personnel toAhmad al-Jaber Air Base, Kuwait in support ofOperation Southern Watch. Operation Southern Watch was an operation which was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone below the 32nd parallel in Iraq. This mission was initiated mainly to cover for attacks of Iraqi forces on the Iraqi Shi’ite Muslims. The expeditionary squadron was inactivated in July 1998.
Another 188th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron was activated in March 2001,[i] deploying toIncirlik Air Base, Turkey in support ofOperation Northern Watch. Operation Northern Watch was aUS European Command Combined Task Force which was responsible for enforcing the United Nations mandated no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. This mission was a successor toOperation Provide Comfort which also entailed support for the Iraqi Kurds. The deployed personnel and aircraft returned in June 2001 and the 188th EFS was again inactivated.
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After the attacks of 11 September 2001, the squadron supported several deployments in support ofOperation Noble Eagle toAtlantic City Air National Guard Base, New Jersey andMarch Air Reserve Base, California. Within hours of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, squadron pilots flew combat air patrol sorties over key resources in the western United States, and continued to do so for many months. Expeditionary squadrons have also been activated, deploying worldwide in the F-16 toSingapore, Australia, Chile, and South Korea. In May 2004, the 188th deployed its F-16s toBalad Air Base, Iraq, becoming the first U. S. fighter squadron to be stationed at the base. In October 2007, the unit returned to Balad as part of a rainbow deployment Air Expeditionary Force 9/10 (Cycle 6) which included the 119th, 120th, 134th, 163rd, 186th and 188th squadrons. The deployment cycle started in September and the 188th sent six aircraft with two spares that returned stateside immediately.
Although rated a number one facility in the2005 Base Realignment and Closure plan, the USAF decided to close down 188th and convert Kirtland from afighter to aspecial operations base as part of the reduction of the USAF fighter fleet by 250 aircraft. It was hoped that some of the money saved would allow the USAF to purchase new aircraft, such as the F-35A Lightning II.In 2009, the 21 F-16C/D aircraft of the New Mexico ANG were reassigned to other Air National Guard units in theDistrict of Columbia Air National Guard and theVermont Air National Guard as part of the "Fiscal Year 2010 Combat Air Force Restructure". The last two F-16s left Kirtland in September 2010.[12] The 150th was to become an associate wing of Kirtland's58th Special Operations Wing, with the 188th Fighter Squadron being redesignated as the 188th Rescue Squadron in February 2012.[13]
On 25 October 2024, the 188th RQS regained its own aircraft with the assignment of threeLockheed HC-130J Combat King II to the unit.[14]
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This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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