Calendar year
1889 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1889 .
1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX ) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Sunday of theJulian calendar , the 1889th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 89th year of the19th century , and the 10th and last year of the1880s decade. As of the start of 1889, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 30 : Suicide ofRudolf &Mary atMayerling March 2 – The United States Congress proclaims the entireBering Sea to be under US control.March 9 –Battle of Metemma :Yohannes IV ,Emperor of Ethiopia , is killed;Sudanese forces, who have been almost defeated, rally and destroy theEthiopian army. Yohannes is probably the world's last ruler ever to die in battle; onMarch 25 Menelik II proclaims himself as his successor.March 11 – TheNorth Carolina Legislature issues a charter for the creation ofElon College .March 12 –Almon B. Strowger , an undertaker inTopeka, Kansas , files a patent in the United States for anautomatic telephone exchange using theStrowger switch .[ 3] March 15 –Samoan crisis : German and American warships keep each other at bay in a standoff inApia Harbor, ending when acyclone blows in and sinks them all.March 22 – EnglishAssociation football teamSheffield United F.C. is formed at the Adelphi Hotel,Sheffield . They play their first match on September 7.March 23 – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi,Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds theAhmadiyya Muslim community inPunjab Province (British India) .March 31 : TheEiffel Tower is inaugurated, becoming the tallest structure in the worldApril 22 : OklahomaLand Run May 2 –Menelik II , Emperor ofEthiopia , signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will becomeEritrea .May 6 – TheExposition Universelle opens in Paris, with theEiffel Tower as its entrance arch. TheGalerie des machines , at 111 m (364 ft), spans the longest interior space in the world at this time. The Exposition, which marks the centenary of the French Revolution, runs until October 31.May 11 –Wham Paymaster robbery : An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort in the Arizona Territory results in the theft of over $28,000, and the award of twoMedals of Honor .May 28 – Rubbertire companyMichelin is registered byÉdouard andAndré Michelin inClermont-Ferrand ,France .May 31 May – The first case of the1889–1890 pandemic of is reported in the city ofBukhara in theCentral Asian part of the Russian Empire.[ 9] August 3 –Mahdist War :Battle of Toski –Egyptian and British troops are victorious.August 4 –The Great Fire ofSpokane, Washington , destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.August 6 – TheSavoy Hotel in London opens.[ 12] August 10 – At theVienna Hofburg , the grand opening ceremony is held for theImperial Natural History Museum (German :K.k. Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum ), begun in 1871; from August 13 to the end of December, the museum counts 175,000 visitors.August 14 –September 15 –London Dock Strike : Dockersstrike for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour ("The dockers' tanner"), which they eventually receive, a landmark in the development ofNew Unionism in Britain.[ 13] August 26 – ThePrevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act , commonly known as theChildren's Charter , is passed in the United Kingdom; for the first time it imposes criminal penalties to deterchild abuse .[ 14] August 30 – TheRoyal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office officially opens in London.August – The Jewish settlement ofMoisés Ville is founded inArgentina . September 23 :Nintendo founded as aplaying card manufacturerOctober 2 – In Washington, D.C., the firstInternational Conference of American States begins.October 6 October 12 –Gustaf Åkerhielm , previously Swedish Foreign Minister, replacesGillis Bildt asPrime Minister of Sweden .October 21 – Field MarshalHelmuth von Moltke the Elder is recorded byAdelbert Theodor Wangemann , a German associate ofThomas Edison , on wax cylinders viaphonograph . The two surviving wax cylinders that are produced make von Moltke, who was born in 1800, the earliest-living human whose voice has been recorded, and the only person born in the18th century whose voice will be heard into the 21st.October 24 – SirHenry Parkes , Premier ofNew South Wales , delivers theTenterfield Oration , calling for theFederation of Australia .October 29 – TheBritish South Africa Company receives a Royal Charter.[ 8] Panama ,yellow fever Capilano Bridge Ernest Tyldesley February 2 –Jean de Lattre de Tassigny , French general, posthumousMarshal of France (d.1952 )February 3 –Risto Ryti ,Prime Minister andPresident of Finland (d.1956 )February 5 –Ernest Tyldesley , English cricketer (d.1962 )February 7 –Harry Nyquist , Swedish-American contributor toinformation theory (d.1976 )February 16 –Hawthorne C. Gray , American balloonist (d.1927 )February 19 –Ernest Marsden , British physicist (d.1970 )February 21 –Pieter Voltelyn Graham van der Byl , South African politician (d.1975 )February 22 February 23 –Victor Fleming , American motion picture director (d.1949 )February 25 –Homer S. Ferguson , American politician (d.1982 )Oren E. Long Charlie Chaplin Adolf Hitler Manuel Prado Ugarteche April 4 April 7 –Gabriela Mistral , Chilean writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1957 )[ 23] April 8 –Adrian Boult , English conductor (d.1983 )April 11 –Nick LaRocca , American jazz cornetist (d.1961 )April 14 –Arnold J. Toynbee , English historian (d.1975 )April 15 April 16 –Charlie Chaplin , English comic actor, film director (d.1977 )April 20 April 21 April 23 –Karel Doorman , Dutch admiral (killed in action1942 )April 26 –Ludwig Wittgenstein , Austrian-born philosopher (d.1951 )April 28 April 30 –Fritz Pfeffer , German-Dutch housemate ofAnne Frank (d.1944 )Ouyang Yuqian Igor Sikorsky Beno Gutenberg Jean Cocteau Ante Pavelić July 5 –Jean Cocteau , French writer (d.1963 )[ 27] July 6 –Takeo Itō , Japanese general (d.1965 )July 7 –Shiro Kawase , Japanese admiral (d.1946 )July 8 –Eugene Pallette , American actor (d.1954 )July 14 –Ante Pavelić , Croatianfascist dictator (d.1959 )July 15 –Marjorie Rambeau , American actress (d.1970 )July 17 –Erle Stanley Gardner , American author (d.1970 )[ 28] July 18 –Kōichi Kido , Japanese politician (d.1977 )July 22 –Tony Jannus , American aviator, aircraft designer (d.1916 )July 24 –Murray Kinnell , English actor (d.1954 )August 5 –Conrad Aiken , American writer (d.1973 )[ 29] August 6 –George Kenney , World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d.1977 )August 10 –Norman Scott , American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (killed in action1942 )August 11 –Ronald Fairbairn , Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d.1964 )August 15 –Marthe Richard , French prostitute, spy and politician (d.1982 )August 21 –Sir Richard O'Connor , British general (d.1981 )August 25 –Ioan Dumitrache , Romanian general (d.1977 )August 29 –Alfredo Obviar , FilipinoRoman Catholic bishop and Servant of God (d.1978 )Carl von Ossietzky Claude Rains Jawaharlal Nehru November 1 –Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker , Canadian-born peace activist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1982 )November 10 –Claude Rains , English-born American actor (d.1967 )November 12 –DeWitt Wallace , American magazine publisher (Reader's Digest 1981 )November 14 November 15 – KingManuel II of Portugal (d.1932 )November 16 –George S. Kaufman , American playwright (d.1961 )November 18 –Zoltán Tildy ,President of Hungary (d.1961 )November 19 –Clifton Webb , American actor, dancer and singer (d.1966 )November 20 –Edwin Hubble , American astronomer (d.1953 )November 23 –Alexander Patch , American general (d.1945 )November 25 –George McMillin , American admiral, lastNaval Governor of Guam (d.1983 )November 30 Robert Maestri Nezihe Muhiddin , Turkish women's rights activist, suffragette, journalist, writer and political leader (d.1958 )Belle Starr Youssef Bey Karam Father Damien January 13 –Solomon Bundy , American politician (b.1823 )January 22 –Carlo Pellegrini , Italian-born caricaturist (b. 1839)January 30 –Mayerling incident (suicide)February 3 –Belle Starr , American outlaw (murdered) (b.1848 )February 13 –João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotegipe , Brazilian magistrate and politician (b.1815 )March 5 –Mary Louise Booth , American editor-in-chief ofHarper's Bazaar 1831 )March 8 –John Ericsson , Swedish inventor, engineer (b.1803 )March 9 – EmperorYohannes IV of Ethiopia (b.1837 )March 13 –Felice Varesi , French-born Italian baritone (b.1813 )March 22 –Stanley Matthews , American judge and politician (b.1824 )March 24 –The Leatherman , possibly French-Canadian vagabond in the U.S. (b. c.1839 )March 28 –Ram Singh , Raja of Bundi. (b. 1811)April 6 –Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (b.1797 )April 7 –Youssef Bey Karam ,Lebanese nationalist leader (b.1823 )[ 33] April 9 –Michel Eugène Chevreul , French chemist (b.1786 )April 12 –Robert Dunsmuir , Scottish-born Canadian industrialist and politician (b.1825 )April 15 –Father Damien , BelgianRoman Catholic priest, missionary toHawaiians withleprosy , and saint (b.1840 )April 21 –Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada , Mexican jurist, 27thPresident of Mexico (b.1823 )[ 34] April 25 –Mary Dominis , American settler of Hawaii (b.1803 )May 9 –William S. Harney , U.S. Army general (b.1800 )May 10 –Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin , Russian satirist (b.1826 )May 14 –Volney E. Howard , American politician (b.1809 )May 28 –Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren , American translator and anti-suffragist (b.1825 )June 8 –Gerard Manley Hopkins , English poet (b.1844 )[ 35] June 10 –Abraham Hochmuth , Hungarian rabbi (b.1816 )June 15 –Mihai Eminescu , Romanian poet (b.1850 )June 25 –Lucy Webb Hayes ,First Lady of the United States (b.1831 )James Prescott Joule August Ahlqvist July 4 –Susan Catherine Koerner Wright , mother of theWright Brothers (b.1831 )July 7 –Giovanni Bottesini , Italian conductor, composer and virtuosodouble bass player (b.1821 )[ 36] July 10 –Julia Gardiner Tyler ,First Lady of the United States (b.1820 )August 2 –Eduardo Gutiérrez , Argentinian author (b.1851 )August 19 –Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam , French writer (b.1838 )[ 37] September 23 –Wilkie Collins , English novelist (b.1824 )[ 38] September 24 –Charles Leroux , American balloonist, parachutist (b.1856 )September 29 –Louis Faidherbe , French general and colonial administrator (b.1818 )October 10 –Adolf von Henselt , German pianist and composer (b.1814 )[ 39] October 11 –James Prescott Joule , English physicist (b.1818 )October 17 October 19 – KingLuís I of Portugal (b.1838 )October 25 –Émile Augier , French dramatist (b.1820 )[ 40] November 16 –Sergei Bobokhov , Russian revolutionary, commits suicide as a protest against the flogging of a woman comrade in Siberia (b.1858 )November 18 –William Allingham , Irish author (b.1824 )[ 41] November 20 –August Ahlqvist , Finnish professor, poet, scholar of theFinno-Ugric languages , author and literary critic (b.1826 )[ 42] November 24 –George H. Pendleton , American politician (b.1825 )December 6 –Jefferson Davis ,President of the Confederate States of America (b.1808 )[ 43] December 12 –Robert Browning , English poet (b.1812 )[ 44] December 28 –Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies ,Empress consort of Brazil (b.1822 )December 29 December 30 –Sir Henry Yule , Scottish orientalist (b.1820 )December 31 –Ion Creangă , Romanian writer (b.1837 or1839 )^ "Milestones" . RSPB. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2007 .^ 14 PD 64. ^ Hill, Roger B. (March 1953)."The Early Years of the Strowger System" .Bell Laboratories Record .31 (3):95– 103. Archived from the original on October 25, 2011. RetrievedNovember 3, 2011 . ^ "1889.html" . Fa-cupfinals.co.uk. Archived fromthe original on September 28, 2011. RetrievedJune 15, 2012 .^ "Preston North End 1888–1889 Home" . statto.com.Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. RetrievedJune 15, 2012 .^ "Adolf Hitler: Early Years, 1889–1921" . Archived fromthe original on June 4, 2025. RetrievedJuly 20, 2025 .^ Bergman, Yoel (November 28, 2022)."The Technological Need: Abel & Dewar's Primary Motive for Inventing Cordite in 1889" .British Journal for Military History .8 (3):202– 219.doi :10.25602/GOLD.bjmh.v8i3.1651 .ISSN 2057-0422 . RetrievedMay 15, 2025 . ^a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 315– 316.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ Ryan, Jeffrey R., ed. (2008)."Past Pandemics and Their Outcome" .Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness . CRC Press. p. 16.ISBN 978-1-42006088-1 ^ Currie, J. R. L. (1971).The Runaway Train: Armagh 1889 . Newton Abbot: David & Charles.ISBN 0-7153-5198-2 ^ Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ "The Great Dock Strike" .PortCities project .Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. RetrievedJanuary 29, 2008 .^ Batty, David (May 18, 2005)."Timeline: a history of child protection" .The Guardian . RetrievedSeptember 15, 2010 . ^ "The Historical Don" . RetrievedMay 15, 2015 .^ Oldham, Kit (March 3, 2022)."Elisha Ferry is inaugurated as Washington's first state governor on November 18, 1889" .www.historylink.org . RetrievedJune 23, 2025 . ^ Hilton, George W.; Due, John F. (2000).The Electric Interurban Railways in America . Stanford University Press. p. 9. ^ Erdem, Y. (1996).Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800–1909. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 144 ^ Donald Beaty et al., "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 11th Ed.", McGraw Hill, 1978 ^ "ACW's Insulator Info – Book Reference Info – History of Electrical Systems and Cables" .myinsulators.com .^ "Arthur Wharton" .100 Great Black Britons . RetrievedOctober 16, 2014 .^ Vasili, Phil (1998).The First Black Footballer, Arthur Wharton, 1865-1930 . London: Frank Cass.ISBN 0-7146-4903-1 ^ Marjorie Agosin; Marjorie Agosín (2003).Gabriela Mistral: The Audacious Traveler ISBN 978-0-89680-230-8 ^ "Abelardo L. Rodríguez" (in Spanish). RetrievedMay 31, 2019 .^ Zhu Wanzhang (朱万章) (July 31, 2017)."高奇峰《松猿图》：画海横舟 劈波至勇" [Gao Qifeng's "Pine and Monkey": Painting a Boat Crossing the Sea and Bravely Cutting through the Waves].rmzxb.com.cn (in Chinese).Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference . Archived fromthe original on March 16, 2021. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2024 . ^ Анна Андреевна Ахматова (1990).Полное Собрание Стихотворений ISBN 978-0-939010-13-4 ^ Gale Cengage (2002).Modern French Poets ISBN 978-0-7876-5252-4 ^ John Arthur Garraty; Mark Christopher Carnes (1999).American National Biography ISBN 978-0-19-512787-4 ^ Conrad Aiken; Malcolm Lowry (1992).The Letters of Conrad Aiken and Malcolm Lowry, 1929-1954 ISBN 978-1-55022-168-8 ^ Joy A. Palmer; David E. Cooper; David Cooper (September 11, 2002).Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment ISBN 978-1-134-75624-7 ^ World Biography ^ "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. RetrievedMay 29, 2019 .^ "Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website" . Archived fromthe original on March 29, 2019. RetrievedApril 10, 2019 .^ "Biografía de Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada" (in Spanish). Historia-Biografia.com. October 29, 2018. RetrievedMay 30, 2019 .^ John Gilroy (2007).Gerard Manley Hopkins: Selected Poems ^ Burnett R. Toskey (1983).Concertos for Violin and Viola: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia ISBN 978-0-9601054-8-9 ^ "Authors : Villiers de L'Isle-Adam: SFE: Science Fiction Encyclopedia" .sf-encyclopedia.com . RetrievedMarch 27, 2019 .^ William Baker (2002).Wilkie Collins's Library: A Reconstruction ISBN 978-0-313-31394-3 ^ David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985).Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6 ^ Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6 ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Allingham, William ".Encyclopædia Britannica ^ H. K. Riikonen."Ahlqvist, August (1826-1889)" (in Finnish). kansallisbiografia. RetrievedJuly 6, 2021 . ^ Donald E. Collins (2005).The Death and Resurrection of Jefferson Davis ISBN 978-0-7425-4304-1 ^ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004).The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature ISBN 0-19-860634-6 Further reading and year books [ edit ] 1889 Annual Cyclopedia online , Highly detailed global coverage
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