Locations of teams for the 1884Union Association season Union Association *Chicago Browns moved to Pittsburgh mid-way through the season as the Pittsburgh Stogies.
Old Hoss Radbourn won a record 59 or 60 games (depending on the sources), a record that will almost certainly never be broken. In addition to wins, Radbourn led theNational League in games (75), games started (73), complete games (73), ERA (1.38), saves (2), strikeouts (441), and innings pitched (678.2).
The season record for pitching strikeouts (369, byTim Keefe 1883) is broken by seven players, withHugh Daily beating Keefe's record by 114. To this day (as of 2020), six of the top ten strikeout seasons were accomplished in 1884 (including five of the top seven).[2] 1884 was the first season in which pitchers were allowed to throw overhand.[improper synthesis?]
February 18 –Terry Larkin, recently released from prison after shooting his wife and a police officer in1883, is arrested again for threatening to shoot his father. Larkin will be released and play this season for theRichmond Virginians. Larkin was later institutionalized after challenging his former employer to a duel, and committed suicide by slitting his throat with a razor in1894.
February 20 – TheAltoona Mountain City club is admitted to the newUnion Association as its seventh club, leaving Lancaster as the only franchise in the Inter-State League.
March 4 – TheNational League reduces the number of balls needed for a walk to six. Team owners also agree to provide two separate benches for the teams in order to cut down on player fraternizing during games.
March 15 –Henry Chadwick writes in a newspaper column that a ground-keeper inSt. Louis has started placing tarpaulins over the bases when it rains in order to keep them dry. Other clubs will follow suit and cover the pitching area and batter areas as well.
March 28 – Umpire William McLean throws a bat into the stands, striking a spectator, in reaction to taunts from the crowd. McLean is arrested but not charged as the fan is not injured.
April 17 – TheUnion Association opens its inaugural season with 3 games.
May 1 –Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black player to play in the major leagues. Walker will play in 42 games for theToledo Blue Stockings, have 152 at-bats and get 40 hits in his only season in major league baseball. Facing racism constantly, even his own teammates refuse to play with him. An injury in mid-July effectively ends Walker's season and he is later released. No other African-American will play in the major leagues untilJackie Robinson in1947.
May 1 – TheCincinnati Red Stockings of theAmerican Association has a section of their stands collapse as fans are leaving the park following their opening day game. There are numerous injuries including a broken arm. Reds' ownership covered all medical expenses for those injured.
May 5 – After pitching inSt. Louis the previous day,Tony Mullane of theToledo Blue Stockings is barred by a court from pitching in the state ofMissouri until his case involving his contract jumping is settled.
May 6 – Larry McKeon of theIndianapolis Hoosiers pitches a 6-inning no-hitter. The game is called due to rain with the score tied 0–0. McKeon will go on to lose 41 games in 1884.
May 22 – The Indianapolis Hoosiers release catcher George Mundinger and pitcher Pete Fries.
May 24
Al Atkinson of thePhiladelphia Athletics retires the final 27 batters in pitching a no-hitter over thePittsburgh Alleghenys. Atkinson hit the lead off batter,Ed Swartwood, who stole second, moved to third on a ground out and scored on a wild pitch, then did not allow another base runner in the 10–1 victory.
TheChicago White Stockings hit 5 over-the-fence home runs in their home opener against theDetroit Wolverines. The White Stockings new ground rule allows a home run instead of a double for any ball hit in the air over the 180' left field fence or the 215' right field fence. After Chicago increases their home run output from 13 in1883 to 142 this season, theNational League will mandate a minimum fence distance of 210 feet beginning in1885.
June 13 – TheBaltimore Orioles place a barbed-wire fence around the field after the crowd swarmed the field and threatened the umpire in the previous day's game.
June 28 – While playing a Sunday game inToledo, the players are arrested in the 6th inning for violating the city ordinance banning Sunday baseball. Due to the unruly crowd, the police allow the players to complete the game. TheBrooklyn Atlantics defeatToledo 5–3 before players from both teams are taken into custody.
July 7 –Hugh Daily strikes out 19, tying the record set a month earlier while throwing a one-hitter in the process.
July 10 –Hugh Daily of theChicago Browns pitches his second consecutive one-hitter. Daily will pitch four one-hitters by season's end, setting a major league record.
July 28 –Charles Radbourn gains a victory in relief for theProvidence Grays in the game that provides the point of contention as to whether Radbourn won 59 games or 60 in 1884. The Grays were trailing 4–3 when starting pitcherCyclone Miller finished pitching in the bottom of the 5th inning. Providence scored 4 runs in the top of the 6th to take the lead, then Radbourn came in to pitch starting in the bottom of the 6th. Under the scoring rules of the day, Radbourn was credited with the win. Miller would have gotten the victory under today's scoring rules, hence the discrepancy in total wins for Radbourn.
August 5 –Thomas Lynch, a deaf-mute, makes his major league debut for theChicago White Stockings in the pitcher's box and is winning until he tires in the eighth inning.Cap Anson, who had hit two homers in the game, relieves him and promptly loses 8–5. Lynch will never appear in another major league game.
August 6 –Cap Anson hits three home runs in a 13–4 win, giving him five homers in his last two games.
September 11 – When no umpire shows up for theAmerican Association game between thePhiladelphia Athletics and theToledo Blue Stockings, rookie pitcherHank O'Day of Toledo fills in as a substitute. After his playing career, O'Day would later be recognized as the best umpire of the first quarter of the 20th century and would be the umpire to make the famous call involvingFred Merkle in1908.
September 15
ManagerJoe Simmons of theWilmington Quicksteps pulls his team off the field before a home game against theKansas City Cowboys when he realizes he will be unable to pay the required $60 gate fee to the visiting Cowboys as the attendance is zero. The visiting Cowboys are 7–55–2 (.112) while the Quicksteps are 2–16 (.111) and occupy the cellar in theUnion Association standings; following this, the Quicksteps drop out of the Association and disband.
September 29 –Moses Fleetwood Walker, the first African-American to play in the major leagues, is released by theToledo Blue Stockings. Walker never again played in the major leagues and the color barrier would not be broken for over sixty years.
In his first start since his no-hitter on September 28, Ed Cushman takes another no-hitter into the 9th inning only to give up a bloop single and finish with a 1-hitter.
Sam Kimber of theBrooklyn Atlantics pitches a 10-inning no-hitter that ends in a 0–0 tie after the game is called because of darkness.
October 5 –Charlie Sweeney andHenry Boyle of theSt. Louis Maroons combine on a 5 inning no-hitter when the game is called on account of rain. Despite the no-hitter, the Maroons lose 1–0 when 2 errors allow the only run of the game.
October 24 – TheProvidence Grays take the 2nd game of the best of 3 series against theNew York Metropolitans by a score of 3–1. The game at thePolo Grounds is called after 7 innings because of darkness.
October 25 – TheProvidence Grays complete the sweep of theNew York Metropolitans with a 12–2 win in a game called after 6 innings because of extreme cold and an attendance of only 300 at thePolo Grounds.Charley Radbourn, after winning 59 games during the regular season, wins all 3 games forProvidence while allowing no earned runs.
November 4 –Tony Mullane signs a contract with theCincinnati Red Stockings for the1885 season, in direct conflict with his prior oral agreement to play for theSt. Louis Browns. TheAmerican Association will suspend Mullane for the entire 1885 season because of this and previous contract troubles, but allow him to remain the property of Cincinnati.
November 20 – TheNational League votes to allow overhand pitching for the1885 season, although there are restrictions placed on the delivery in order to keep velocity down. In addition, teams are now required to supply a separate bench for each club at their park to limit inter-team fraternization.
December 11 – TheAmerican Association votes to continue their ban on overhand pitching.
December 18 – TheUnion Association has only four teams in attendance at their winter meetings. The UA will officially fold in early 1885.
Union Association
