This article is about the year 1876. For the novel by Gore Vidal, see
1876 (novel) .
Calendar year
1876 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1876 .
1876 (MDCCCLXXVI ) was aleap year starting on Saturday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Thursday of theJulian calendar , the 1876th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 76th year of the19th century , and the 7th year of the1870s decade. As of the start of 1876, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
February 2 February 14 –Alexander Graham Bell applies for a U.S.patent for the telephone, as doesElisha Gray .February 19 –Third Carlist War : Government troops under General Primo de Rivera drive through the weak Carlist forces protecting Estella and take the city by storm.February 22 –Johns Hopkins University is founded inBaltimore , Maryland.February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-playPeer Gynt Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music byEdvard Grieg , in Christiania (modern-dayOslo ),Norway .February 26 – The Japanese force the Korean government to sign theJapan–Korea Treaty of 1876 (having brought a fleet toIncheon , the port of modern-daySeoul ), opening three ports to Japanese trade and forcing Korea'sJoseon dynasty to cease considering itself a tributary of China. On China's urging, Korea also signs treaties with the European powers, in an effort to counterbalance Japan.February 28 –Third Carlist War : TheCarlist forces do not succeed, and the promises are never fulfilled. TheCarlist pretender Carlos, Duke of Madrid , goes into exile in France, bringing the conflict to an end after four years.February –March –The Harvard Lampoon Cambridge, Massachusetts .May 1 May 10 May 11 /12 –Berlin Memorandum : Germany, Russia andAustria-Hungary propose an armistice betweenTurkey and itsinsurgents .May 16 May 17 –Nicolaus Otto files hispatent for thefour-stroke cycle internal combustion engine .[ 8] May 18 –Wyatt Earp starts work inDodge City, Kansas , serving underMarshal Larry Deger.May 29 – The United States Senate votes 37 to 29 that U.S. Secretary of WarWilliam W. Belknap cannot be barred from trial andimpeachment , despite being a private citizen; however, this is far short of the two-thirds majority required and thus he is acquitted.May 30 –Abdülaziz is deposed by his nephewMurad V asSultan of the Ottoman Empire on the grounds of mismanaging the economy; 6 days later, Abdülaziz is found dead at theÇırağan Palace in Istanbul and 93 days later Murad is deposed byAbdul Hamid II on the grounds of mental illness. For this reason, inTurkey 1876 is known as the 'Year of the Three Sultans'.May 30 – TheEms Ukaz , a secret decree, is issued by TsarAlexander II of Russia in the German city ofBad Ems , aimed at stopping the printing and distribution ofUkrainian-language publications in theRussian Empire .[ 9] May –April Uprising (Bulgaria):Batak massacre – Bulgarians in Batak are massacred by Ottoman troops. The number of victims ranges from 3,000 to 5,000, depending on the source.June 4 – TheTranscontinental Express arrives inSan Francisco via theFirst transcontinental railroad , 83 hours and 39 minutes after having leftNew York City .June 6 – The Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons, later known as theAmerican Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities , is founded when several directors led byÉdouard Séguin ,[ 10] [ 11] June 17 –American Indian Wars :Battle of the Rosebud – 1,500Sioux andCheyenne , led byCrazy Horse , beat back GeneralGeorge Crook 's forces at Rosebud Creek inMontana Territory .June 19 – Jászkunság, the last remnant ofKunság withinAustria-Hungary , is disestablished.June 25 /26 –American Indian Wars :Battle of the Little Bighorn : 300 men of theU.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment underLieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer are wiped out by 5,000Lakota ,Cheyenne andArapaho , led bySitting Bull andCrazy Horse .Punch June 17 . Russia preparing to let slip the "Dogs of War", its imminent engagement in the growing Balkanconflict between Slavic states andTurkey , while policemanJohn Bull (Britain) warns Russia to take care. The Slavic states of Serbia and Montenegro would declare war on Turkey two weeks later.Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist) byEdgar Degas , c. 1876 -Medium: Oil paint on paper mounted on board ; Dimensions: Frame: 800 × 515 × 85 mm support: 632 × 340 mm ; Collection:Tate . TheNorthern Chinese Famine of 1876–79 , which will claim 30 million lives and become the5th-worst famine in recorded history , begins after the droughts of the previous year. Heinz Tomato Ketchup is introduced in the United States.Adolphus Busch 's brewery,Anheuser-Busch inSt. Louis ,Missouri , first marketsBudweiser , apale lager , as a nationally soldbeer .Charles Wells opens hisbrewery , based inBedford , England.Star Oil Company, predecessor of the globalChevron energy product and sales brand, is founded inCalifornia .[ 19] Emile Berliner invents an improved form ofmicrophone which will be adopted forAlexander Graham Bell 's telephone.[ 20] Lyford House, byRichardson Bay ,Tiburon, California , is constructed. Construction ofSpandau Prison in Berlin is completed. Samurai are banned from carrying swords inJapan , and their stipends are replaced by a one-time grant of income-bearing bonds.TheConchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland is founded. Heinrich Schliemann begins excavation atMycenae .Stockport Lacrosse Club , thought to be the oldest existinglacrosse club in the world, is founded at Cale Green Cricket Club inDavenport, near Manchester in England, where they will still be playing in the 21st century.Konrad Adenauer Otto Diels Pope Pius XII January 5 –Konrad Adenauer ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1967 )[ 21] January 8 –Arturs Alberings , Prime Minister of Latvia (d.1934 )January 12 January 20 –Józef Hofmann , Polish pianist (d.1967 )January 22 –Bess Houdini , wife, stage partner ofHarry Houdini (d.1943 )January 23 –Otto Diels , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1954 )January 24 –Theodor Tobler , Swiss chocolatier, founder ofToblerone (d.1941 )January 29 –Havergal Brian , British composer (d.1972 )February 8 –Paula Modersohn-Becker , German painter (d.1907 )February 12 –Thubten Gyatso , 13thDalai Lama (d.1933 )February 16 February 19 –Constantin Brâncuși , Romanian sculptor (d.1957 )February 22 –Zitkala-Sa , Native American writer, activist, editor, educator and translator (d.1938 )[ 22] February 23 –Senjūrō Hayashi , Japanese general and politician,Prime Minister of Japan (d.1943 )March 1 –Henri de Baillet-Latour , Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d.1942 )March 2 March 4 –Theodore Hardeen , Hungarian magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d.1945 )March 5 –Tiburcio Carías Andino ,24th President of Honduras (d.1969 )[citation needed March 6 –A. A. Kannisto , Finnish politician (d.1930 )[ 24] March 7 –Edgar Evans , Welsh naval seaman and polar explorer (d.1912 )March 11 –Carl Ruggles , American composer (d.1971 )March 15 –Óscar R. Benavides , 67th and 76thPresident of Peru (d.1945 )March 21 –Walter Tewksbury , American athlete (d.1968 )March 22 –Henry O'Malley , American fish culturist, United States Commissioner of Fisheries (d.1936 )March 23 –Ziya Gökalp , Turkish writer and poet (d.1924 )March 26 –Wilhelm, Prince of Albania , sovereign Prince of Albania (d.1945 )March 31 –Borisav Stanković ,Serbian writer (d.1927 )Oskar Fischer Erich Raeder April 1 April 3 –Margaret Anglin , Canadian stage actress (d.1958 )April 4 April 9 –Ettore Bastico , Italian field marshal (d.1972 )April 11 –Paul Henry , Irish artist (d.1958 )April 12 –Oskar Fischer , Czech Scientist (d.1942 )April 14 – SirMurray Bisset , South African cricketer, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d.1931 )April 22 –Róbert Bárány , Hungarian physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1936 )April 23 –Mary Ellicott Arnold , American social activist, writer (d.1968 )April 24 –Erich Raeder , German admiral (d.1960 )April 26 –Mariam Thresia Chiramel , Indian Catholic professed religious and stigmatist (d.1926 )May 10 May 18 –Hermann Müller ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1931 )June 4 –Clara Blandick , American actress (d.1962 )June 13 –William Sealy Gosset , English chemist and statistician (d.1937 )June 19 – SirNigel Gresley , English steam locomotive engineer (Flying Scotsman Mallard 1941 )June 22 –Madeleine Vionnet , French fashion designer (d.1975 )Wilhelm Cuno Alphaeus Philemon Cole Mata Hari July 2 –Wilhelm Cuno ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1933 )July 3 –George Murray Levick , British Antarctic explorer and naval surgeon (d.1956 )[ 25] July 6 –Luis Emilio Recabarren , Chilean politician, founder of theCommunist Party of Chile . (d.1924 )July 8 –Alexandros Papanastasiou , 2-time prime minister of Greece (d.1936 )July 12 July 16 –Alfred Stock , German chemist (d.1946 )July 19 July 29 –Maria Ouspenskaya , Russian actress, acting teacher (d.1949 )August 5 –Sydney Spencer Sawrey-Cookson , British judge (d.1933 )August 7 –Mata Hari , Dutch exotic dancer, spy (d.1917 )August 15 –Stylianos Gonatas , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1966 )August 17 August 25 –Eglantyne Jebb , English co-founder of theSave the Children Fund 1928 )August 29 –Kim Ku , Korean politician (d.1949 )September 1 –Harriet Shaw Weaver , English political activist (d.1961 )September 5 –Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb , German field marshal (d.1956 )September 6 –John Macleod , Scottish-born physician and physiologist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1935 )September 7 –Francesco Buhagiar , 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d.1934 )September 13 –Sherwood Anderson , American writer (d.1941 )September 15 –Bruno Walter , German conductor (d.1962 )September 16 –Marvin Hart , American boxer (d.1931 )September 18 –James Scullin , 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d.1953 )September 22 –André Tardieu , 3-time prime minister of France (d.1945 )September 23 –Brudenell White , Australian general (d.1940 )September 26 –Edith Abbott , American social worker, educator and author (d.1957 )September 29 –Charlie Llewellyn , first non-white South African Test cricketer (d.1964 )Karl Leopold von Möller Adolf Windaus October 7 –Louis Tancred , South African cricketer (d.1934 )October 9 –Sol Plaatje , South African political activist (d.1932 )October 11 –Karl Leopold von Möller , German officer, journalist, author and politician (d.1943 )October 13 –Rube Waddell , American baseball player (d.1914 )October 21 – SirFraser Russell , South African-bornGovernor of Southern Rhodesia (d.1952 )October 26 –H. B. Warner , English stage, screen actor (d.1958 )October 29 –Anton Boisen , American founder of theclinical pastoral education movement (d.1965 )November 2 –Alfred S. Alschuler , American architect (d.1940 )November 3 –Rupert D'Oyly Carte , English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (d.1948 )November 7 November 13 –William N. Andrews , American politician and member of theUnited States House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921 (d.1937 )November 17 –August Sander , German photographer (d.1964 )November 23 –Manuel de Falla , Spanish composer (d.1946 )November 24 –Walter Burley Griffin , American architect (d.1937 )December 9 –Berton Churchill , Canadian actor (d.1940 )December 12 –Alvin Kraenzlein , American athlete (d.1928 )December 21 –Jack Lang , Australian politician (d.1975 )December 25 December 29 GeneralGeorge Armstrong Custer Antonio López de Santa Anna January 2 –Meta Heusser-Schweizer , Swiss poet (b.1797 )January 10 –Gordon Granger , American General (b.1822 )January 15 –Eliza McCardle Johnson ,First Lady of the United States (b.1810 )February 10 –Reverdy Johnson , American politician (b.1796 )February 18 –Charlotte Cushman , American actress (b.1816 )February 24 –Joseph Jenkins Roberts , 2-time President of Liberia (b.1809 )March 29 –Karl Ferdinand Ranke , German educator (b.1806 )April 9 –Charles Goodyear , American politician (b.1804 )May 3 –Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (b.1837 )May 7 –William Buell Sprague , American clergyman, author (b.1795 )May 8 –Truganini , Tasmanian language=Aboriginal woman (b. c.1812 )May 24 –Henry Kingsley , English novelist (b.1830 )May 25 –Franz von John , Austrian general and politician (b.1815 )[ 26] May 26 –František Palacký , Czech historian, politician (b.1798 )June 1 –Hristo Botev , Bulgarian revolutionary (b.1848 )June 4 –Abdülaziz , 32ndSultan of the Ottoman Empire (b.1830 )June 6 –Auguste Casimir-Perier , French diplomat (b.1811 )June 7 –Josephine of Leuchtenberg , Queen of Sweden and Norway (b.1807 )June 8 –George Sand , French writer (b.1804 )June 20 –John Neal , American writer, critic and women's rights activist (b.1793 )[ 27] June 21 –Antonio López de Santa Anna , 11-timePresident of Mexico (b.1794 )[ 28] June 25 –George Armstrong Custer , U.S. Army general (killed in action) (b.1839 )June 27 –Harriet Martineau , British social theorist, writer (b.1802 )Wild Bill Hickok July 1 July 15 –Juan Pablo Duarte , Dominican revolutionary and political activist.August 2 –Wild Bill Hickok , American gunfighter, entertainer (b.1837 )September 5 –Manuel Blanco Encalada , Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (b.1790 )September 7 –Nicolás Patiño Sosa , Venezuelan military man (b.1825 )September 10 –John Ireland Howe , American inventor (b.1793 )September 27 –Braxton Bragg , American Confederate Civil War general (b.1817 )October 1 –James Lick , American land baron (b.1796 )November 16 –Karl Ernst von Baer , Estonian-German scientist, explorer (b.1792 )November 18 –Narcisse Virgilio Díaz , French painter (b.1807 )December 29 –Titus Salt , English woollen manufacturer, philanthropist (b.1803 )December 31 –Catherine Labouré , French visionary, saint (b.1806 )^ "United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office" .^ Roth, Cheyna (December 28, 2023)."My Favorite Victorian Criminal Was a Bank Robber With a Secret Weapon" .Slate .ISSN 1091-2339 . RetrievedJanuary 6, 2024 . ^ Patent #174,466. ^ Dewey, Melvil (1876).A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library OCLC 78870163 . RetrievedJuly 31, 2012 . ^ Powers, Thomas."How the Battle of Little Bighorn Was Won" .Smithsonian Magazine . Archived fromthe original on April 8, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 6, 2018 . ^ "Eli Lilly & Company" (PDF) .Indiana Historical Society . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on July 29, 2016.^ Macintyre, Ben (July 31, 1994)."The Disappearing Duchess" .The New York Times . RetrievedMay 30, 2013 .^ van Dulken, Stephen (2001).Inventing the 19th Century . London:British Library . pp. 104– 5.ISBN 0-7123-0881-4 ^ "Ukraine under direct imperial Russian rule" .britannica.com . RetrievedApril 1, 2024 .^ "The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability" . March 23, 2019. RetrievedApril 9, 2019 .^ "Mission" .aaidd.org . RetrievedApril 9, 2019 .^ "Today in History - August 1" .Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA . RetrievedJuly 18, 2025 .^ Adam, Christopher; Egervari, Tibor; Laczko, Leslie; Young, Judy, eds. (2010).The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Hungarian and Canadian Perspectives doi :10.1353/book1561 .ISBN 978-0-7766-1846-3 ^ Hilmes, Oliver (2011).Cosima Wagner: The Lady of Bayreuth . New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 152– 153.ISBN 978-0-300-17090-0 ^ hnabbasi."History" .1890 Land Grant Universities Celebration . RetrievedSeptember 9, 2024 . ^ KGaA, Henkel AG & Co."175 Years Fritz Henkel" .fritz-henkel.com . RetrievedApril 10, 2024 . ^ "José María Iglesias" .Calderon Presidency de la Republica (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2019. RetrievedJune 8, 2019 .^ ja:日本経済新聞#沿革 (Japanese language). Retrieved 2017-10-03.^ M. S. Vassiliou (March 2, 2009).Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry ISBN 978-0-8108-6288-3 . RetrievedAugust 8, 2013 . ^ "Birth of the Microphone: How Sound Became Signal" .Wired .ISSN 1059-1028 . RetrievedSeptember 19, 2023 .^ "BBC - History - Konrad Adenauer" .www.bbc.co.uk . RetrievedMarch 29, 2022 .^ "Native American Pioneer Zitkala-Sa (1876-1938) | Institute for Public Relations" .^ "James Gilmore" . Society for American Baseball Research.^ "Kansanedustajat: Anshelm Kannisto" (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland:Parliament of Finland . Archived fromthe original on March 7, 2016. RetrievedJuly 25, 2023 .^ "George Murray Levick (1876-1956)" .Christie's . September 26, 2007. RetrievedMay 31, 2023 .^ "Franz Freiherr von John" .austro-hungarian-army.co.uk . Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. RetrievedNovember 17, 2024 .^ Sears, Donald A. (1978).John Neal . Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 121.ISBN 978-0-8057-7230-2 ^ "Biografía de Antonio López de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Mexico Desconocido. June 21, 2010. RetrievedMay 30, 2019 .Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia ...for 1876 (1885)online edition , comprehensive world coverage
