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All 292 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 147 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Democratic hold Democratic gain Republican hold Republican gain Conservative hold Conservative gain Liberal Republican gain Independent Gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before the first session of the43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with there-election of United States PresidentUlysses S. Grant. Thecongressional reapportionment based on the1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.
Grant'sRepublican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the oppositionDemocratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The proindustry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as theIndustrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with victory in theAmerican Civil War, as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.
Following the1870 census, the House wasreapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of thethree-fifths compromise by the14th Amendment.
This would prove the last time until1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]
| 89 | 203 |
| Democratic | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | District + 2 at-large | 8 |  2 | 2 |  1 | 6[d] | 3 |
| Arkansas | District + at-large | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4[d] | 2 |
| California | District | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |  |
| Connecticut[e] | District | 4 | | 1 | | 3 | |
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Florida | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Georgia | District | 9 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Illinois | District | 19 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 14 | 6 |
| Indiana[f] | District + 3 at-large | 13 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 4 |
| Iowa | District | 9 | 3 | 0 | | 9 | 3 |
| Kansas | At-large | 3 | 2 | 0 | | 3 | 2 |
| Kentucky | District | 10 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
| Louisiana | District + 1 at-large | 6 | 1 | 0 | | 6[d] | 1 |
| Maine[f] | District | 5 | | 0 | | 5 | |
| Maryland | District | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Massachusetts | District | 11 | 1 | 0 | | 11 | 1 |
| Michigan | District | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 4 |
| Minnesota | District | 3 | 1 | 0 | | 3 | 1 |
| Mississippi | District | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| Missouri | District | 13 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Nebraska[f] | At-large | 1 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | | 1 | | 0 | |
| New Hampshire[e] | District | 3 | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| New Jersey | District | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 |
| New York | District + 1 at-large | 33 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 9 |
| North Carolina[f] | District | 8 | 1 | 5 | | 3 | 1 |
| Ohio[f] | District | 20 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 14[d] | |
| Oregon[f] | At-large | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania[f] | District + 3 at-large | 27 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 9 |
| Rhode Island | District | 2 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| South Carolina | District + 1 at-large | 5 | 1 | 0 | | 5 | 1 |
| Tennessee | District + 1 at-large | 10 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
| Texas | District + 2 at-large | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vermont[f] | District | 3 | | 0 | | 3 | |
| Virginia | District | 9 | 1 | 5 | | 4 | 1 |
| West Virginia[f] | District | 3 | | 2[c] | | 1 | |
| Wisconsin | District | 8 | 2 | 2 | | 6 | 2 |
| Total | 292 | 49 | 89[c] 30.5% | 13 | 203[g] 69.5% | 62 30.5% | |
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In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for auniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[5] | |
| Connecticut 1 | Julius L. Strong | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent died September 7, 1872. New member elected November 5, 1872. Republican hold. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[6] | |
| Alabama 1 | Benjamin S. Turner | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Liberal Republican gain. |
|
| Alabama 2 | Charles W. Buckley | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Alabama 3 | William Anderson Handley | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| Alabama 4 | Charles Hays | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Alabama 5 | Peter M. Dox | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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| Alabama 6 | Joseph Humphrey Sloss | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Alabama at-large 2 seats on ageneral ticket | None(New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| None(New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[6] | |
| Arkansas 1 | James M. Hanks | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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| Arkansas 2 | Oliver P. Snyder | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Arkansas 3 | Thomas Boles[h] | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Arkansas at-large | None | Vacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction) Liberal Republican gain. |
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A new seat was added, following the1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California 1 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
| California 2 | Aaron A. Sargent | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| California 3 | John M. Coghlan | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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| California 4 | Sherman O. Houghton Redistricted from the1st district | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[14] | |
| Connecticut 1 | Joseph R. Hawley | Republican | 1872(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Connecticut 2 | Stephen Kellogg | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Connecticut 3 | Henry H. Starkweather | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Connecticut 4 | William Barnum | Democratic | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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 County results Lofland: 50–60% Wright: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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The election was held November 5, 1872.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[15] | |
| Delaware at-large | Benjamin T. Biggs | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida at-large 2 seats on ageneral ticket | Josiah T. Walls | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| None(New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
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In the newly formedat-large district,George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beatP. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first blackGovernor of Louisiana.[16] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | George E. Harris | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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| Mississippi 2 | Joseph L. Morphis | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
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| Mississippi 3 | Henry W. Barry | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Mississippi 4 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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| Mississippi 5 | Legrand W. Perce | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
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| George C. McKee Redistricted from the4th district. | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Mississippi 6 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[23] | |
| Nebraska at-large | John Taffe | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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The election was held November 5, 1872.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[24] | |
| Nevada at-large | Charles West Kendall | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Elections were held March 11, 1873, After the March 4th beginning of the term.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Hampshire 1 | Ellery Albee Hibbard | Democratic | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| New Hampshire 2 | Samuel Newell Bell | Democratic | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| New Hampshire 3 | Hosea W. Parker | Democratic | 1871 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Jersey 1 | John W. Hazelton | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| New Jersey 2 | Samuel C. Forker | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| New Jersey 3 | John T. Bird | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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| New Jersey 4 | John Hill | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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| New Jersey 5 | George A. Halsey | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| New Jersey 6 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| New Jersey 7 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[25] | |
| Ohio 1 | Ozro J. Dodds | Democratic | 1872(special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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| Ohio 2 | Job E. Stevenson | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Liberal Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 3 | Lewis D. Campbell | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 4 | John F. McKinney | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 5 | Charles N. Lamison | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 6 | John Armstrong Smith | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 7 | Samuel Shellabarger | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
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| John Thomas Wilson Redistricted from the11th district | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ||
| Ohio 8 | John Beatty | Republican | 1868(special) | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 9 | George W. Morgan Redistricted from the13th district | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 10 | Charles Foster Redistricted from the9th district | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Erasmus D. Peck | Republican | 1870(special) | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ||
| Ohio 11 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 12 | Philadelph Van Trump | Democratic | 1866 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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| Ohio 13 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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| Ohio 14 | James Monroe | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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| Ohio 15 | William P. Sprague | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 16 | John Bingham | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 17 | Jacob A. Ambler | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 18 | William H. Upson | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 19 | James A. Garfield | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 20 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee at-large | Horace Maynard Redistricted from the2nd district | Republican | 1865 | New district. Republican gain. |
|
| Tennessee 1 | Roderick R. Butler | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 2 | Abraham E. Garrett Redistricted from the3rd district | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent. Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee 3 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee 4 | John M. Bright | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 5 | Edward I. Golladay | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee 6 | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 7 | Robert P. Caldwell | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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| Tennessee 8 | William W. Vaughan | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee 9 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[36] | |
| Vermont 1 | Charles W. Willard | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Vermont 2 | Luke P. Poland | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent re-elected |
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| Vermont 3 | Worthington C. Smith | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[37] | |
| Virginia 1 | John Critcher | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss. |
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| Elliott M. Braxton Redistricted from the7th district | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | ||
| Virginia 2 | James H. Platt Jr. | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Virginia 3 | Charles H. Porter | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| Virginia 4 | William H. H. Stowell | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Virginia 5 | Richard T. W. Duke | Conservative | 1870(special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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| Virginia 6 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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| Virginia 7 | John T. Harris Redistricted from the6th district | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Virginia 8 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
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| Virginia 9 | William Terry Redistricted from the8th district | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | John J. Davis | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected as an Independent Democrat. Independent Democratic gain. |
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| West Virginia 2 | James McGrew | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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| West Virginia 3 | Frank Hereford | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[41][42]
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wisconsin 1 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| Wisconsin 2 | Gerry Whiting Hazelton | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 3 | J. Allen Barber | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 4 | Alexander Mitchell Redistricted from the1st district | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 5 | Charles A. Eldredge Redistricted from the4th district | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 6 | Philetus Sawyer Redistricted from the5th district | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 7 | Jeremiah M. Rusk Redistricted from the6th district | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 8 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Colorado Territory at-large | Jerome B. Chaffee | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Dakota Territory at-large | Moses K. Armstrong | Independent Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat. Democratic gain. |
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| Idaho Territory at-large | Samuel A. Merritt | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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| Montana Territory at-large | William H. Clagett | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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| Wyoming Territory at-large | William T. Jones | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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