1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1868 & 1869 June 6, 1870 – October 6, 1871[a] 1872 & 1873 →
All 243 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 122 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader James G. Blaine Fernando Wood Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Maine 3rd New York 9th Last election 171 seats 61 seats Seats won 136 94[b] Seat change 35 33 Popular vote 2,719,276 2,441,956 Percentage 49.59% 44.53% Swing 2.22pp 0.40pp   Third party Fourth party   Party Conservative Liberal Republican Last election 6 seats New Party Seats won 10 2 Seat change 4 2 Popular vote 160,295 55,551 Percentage 2.92% 1.01% Swing 0.27pp Pre-creation   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 0 seats Seats won 1[c] Seat change 1 Popular vote 98,591 Percentage 1.80% Swing 0.81pp
Results:      Democratic hold     Democratic gain      Republican hold     Republican gain      Conservative gain
Speaker before election James G. Blaine Republican Elected Speaker James G. Blaine Republican

The1870–71 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 6, 1870, and October 6, 1871. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before or after the first session of the42nd United States Congress convened on March 4, 1871. They occurred in the middle ofPresidentUlysses S. Grant's first term. Elections were held for all 243 seats, representing 37 states.

With Grant's administration rocked by a number of scandals (including a shady deal for gold speculation that led to a crash in the market and several business deals that saw highranking governmental officials gain kickbacks) andReconstruction winding down, hisRepublican Party lost seats to the oppositionDemocratic Party but retained an overall majority. Also, sincewhite-supremacist governments controlled by the Democratic Party were reestablishing themselves in some portions of theSouthern United States, the Democrats were able to make huge gains in this election.

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Mississippi[d][e]	District	5	0		5
Alabama	District	6	3	1	3	1
Arkansas	District	3	1		2
California[f]	District	3	0	2	3	2
Connecticut[f]	District	4	1		3
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0
Florida	At-large	1	1	1	0	1
Georgia	District	7	4		3
Illinois	District + 1 at-large	14	6	2	8	2
Indiana[d]	District	11	5	1	6	1
Iowa[d]	District	6	0		6
Kansas	At-large	1	0		1
Kentucky	District	9	9		0
Louisiana	District	5	0		5
Maine[d]	District	5	0		5
Maryland	District	5	5		0
Massachusetts	District	10	0		10
Michigan	District	6	1	1	5	1
Minnesota	District	2	0	1	2	1
Missouri	District	9	4	2	5[g]	2
Nebraska[d]	At-large	1	0		1
Nevada	At-large	1	1	1	0	1
New Hampshire[f]	District	3	3	3	0	3
New Jersey	District	5	2	1	3	1
New York	District	31	16	3	15	3
North Carolina[d]	District	7	5	4	2	4
Ohio[d]	District	19	5	1	14	1
Oregon[d]	At-large	1	1		0
Pennsylvania[d]	District	24	11	3	13[h]	3
Rhode Island	District	2	0		2
South Carolina[d]	District	4	0		4
Tennessee	District	8	6	6	2	6
Texas[f]	District	4	4	3	0	3
Vermont[d]	District	3	0		3
Virginia	District	8	5	5[i]	3
West Virginia[d]	District	3	2	2	1	2
Wisconsin	District	6	2	1	4	1
Total		243	104 42.8%	37	139[j] 57.2%	32

The previous election included 5Conservatives

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for auniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.^[1] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to this date as well. In 1870, there remained 12 States that held elections before Election Day, and 4 that held it after at this time:

• Early elections:
  • December 1, 1869:Mississippi (Mississippi was a special case, having held elections for both the41st Congress upon readmission and for the 42nd Congress on the same day)
  • June 6:Oregon
  • August 4:North Carolina
  • September 6:Vermont
  • September 12:Maine
  • October 11:Indiana,Iowa,Nebraska,Ohio,Pennsylvania
  • October 25:West Virginia
  • November 1:South Carolina
• Late elections:
  • March 14, 1871:New Hampshire
  • April 4, 1871:Connecticut
  • August 6, 1871:Montana Territory
  • September 6, 1871:California
  • October 6, 1871:Texas

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

California elections

← 1868 September 6, 1871 1872 →
3 seats
Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Last election 1 2 Seats won 3 0 Seat change 2 2 Popular vote 62,539 57,065 Percentage 52.3% 47.7%
Republican hold   Republican gain

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Florida election

← 1868 November 8, 1870 (Election Day) 1872 →
1 seat
Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Last election 1 0 Seats won 1[5] 0[5] Seat change Popular vote 12,439 11,812 Percentage 51.3% 48.7%

Niblack subsequently successfully challenged Walls's election and was seated from Florida's at-large district on January 29, 1873.^[6]

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Missouri elected its members on November 8, 1870.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1870.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

• 1870 United States elections
  • 1870–71 United States Senate elections
• 41st United States Congress
• 42nd United States Congress

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company.ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company.ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994).Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc.ISBN 978-0871879967.
• Parrish, William E. (1973).A History of Missouri, Volume 3: 1860 to 1875. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.ISBN 978-0-8262-0108-9.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2015.

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

• 1870 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1871 United States House of Representatives elections
• Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
• William A. Wheeler

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