Calendar year
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June 20 : Start of theThird Italian War of Independence July 3 :Battle of Königgrätz 1866 (MDCCCLXVI ) was acommon year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1866th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 66th year of the19th century , and the 7th year of the1860s decade. As of the start of 1866, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
May 16 : U.S.nickel coin approved.May 10 – London bankOverend, Gurney and Company collapses, precipitatingPanic of 1866 .May 16 – TheUnited States Congress approves the minting of a nickel 5-cent coin (nickel ), eliminating its predecessor, thehalf dime .May 24 –Battle of Tuyutí : 32,000 soldiers of the Triple Alliance defeat 24,000 Paraguayan soldiers few miles north of theParaná, Argentina , in theParaguayan War , with 16,000 casualties.May 26 – First production of thecomic opera Cox and Box F. C. Burnand andArthur Sullivan at Moray Lodge,Kensington May 30 –Bedrich Smetana 's comic operaThe Bartered Bride Prague .[ 3] July 27 :Atlantic Cable completedAlfred Nobel invents dynamite in 1866Frank Tudor Emilia Broomé Matthew Charlton Wakatsuki Reijirō January 10 –Hermanus Johannes Lovink , Dutch agriculturalist and politician (d.1938 )[ 7] January 13 January 15 January 16 –Percy Pilcher , English inventor and pioneer aviator (d.1899 )January 19 –Harry Davenport , American actor (d.1949 )January 29 February 1 –Agda Meyerson , Swedish nurse and healthcare profession activist (d.1924 )February 2 –Enrique Simonet , Spanish painter (d.1927 )February 9 –George Ade , American writer, newspaper columnist and playwright (d.1944 )February 18 –Janko Vukotić , Montenegrin general (d.1927 )February 26 –Herbert Henry Dow , Canadian chemical industrialist (d.1930 )March 5 –Arthur Leopold Busch , English-born American submarine pioneer (d.1956 )March 7 –Hans Fruhstorfer , German lepidopterist (d.1922 )March 13 –Friedrich Boedicker , German admiral (d.1944 )March 15 –Matthew Charlton , Australian politician (d.1948 )March 19 –Emilio De Bono , Italian general and fascist activist (d.1944 )March 21 Butch Cassidy Anne Sullivan April 1 –Ferruccio Busoni , Italian pianist and composer (d.1924 )April 3 –J. B. M. Hertzog , Boer General and 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (d.1942 )April 8 –Alfred Allen , American actor (d.1947 )April 13 –Butch Cassidy , American outlaw (k.1908 )April 14 –Anne Sullivan , American tutor ofHelen Keller (d.1936 )April 17 –Ernest Starling , English physiologist (d.1927 )April 18 –Yamaya Tanin , Japanese admiral (d.1940 )April 21 –Josefa Toledo de Aguerri , Nicaraguan pioneer educator (d.1962 )April 22 –Hans von Seeckt , German general (d.1936 )April 24 –Ishii Kikujirō , Japanese diplomat (d.1945 )May 10 –Richard H. Jackson , American four-star admiral (d.1971 )May 17 –Erik Satie , French composer (d.1925 )May 22 –Charles F. Haanel , AmericanNew Thought author and businessman (d.1949 )June 4 –Miina Sillanpää , Finnish politician (d.1952 )June 26 H. G. Wells La Goulue Thomas Hunt Morgan Wassily Kandinsky July 6 –Charles Mangin , French general (d.1925 )July 9 –Macklyn Arbuckle , American actor (d.1931 )July 13 –La Goulue , French dancer (d.1929 )July 25 –Frederick Blackman , English plant physiologist (d. 1947)July 27 –António José de Almeida , 6th President of Portugal and 64th Prime Minister of Portugal (d.1929 )July 28 –Beatrix Potter , English children's author (Peter Rabbit Jemima Puddle-Duck 1943 )August 2 –Adrien de Gerlache , Belgian naval officer and explorer (d.1934 )August 4 –Gheorghe Mărdărescu , Romanian general and politician (d.1938 )August 6 –Chief Thunderbird , Native American actor (d.1946 )August 8 –Matthew Henson , African-American explorer (d.1955 )August 12 –Jacinto Benavente , Spanish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1954 )August 14 –Dmitry Merezhkovsky , Russian novelist, poet and religious thinker (d.1941 )September 1 Sun Yat-sen Ramsay MacDonald October 6 October 12 –Ramsay MacDonald , ScottishPrime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1937 )October 29 November 3 –Paul Lincke , German composer (d.1946 )November 11 –Martha Annie Whiteley , English chemist and mathematician (d.1956 )November 12 –Sun Yat-sen , Chinese revolutionary (d.1925 )November 16 –Cornelia Sorabji , Indian-born lawyer (d.1954 )November 28 November 30 December 2 –Constantin Cristescu , Romanian general (d.1923 )December 11 –Ada Baker , Australian soprano, singing teacher and vaudeville star (d.1949 )December 12 –Alfred Werner , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1919 )December 16 (December 4 O.S.) –Wassily Kandinsky , Russian-born painter (d.1944 )December 17 –Kazys Grinius , 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (d.1950 )December 29 –Marie Cahill , American singer and actress (d.1933 )January (date unknown) –Thomas Baldwin Marsh , American religious leader (b.1799 ) January 16 –Phineas Quimby , American physician (b.1802 )January 19 –Harriet Ludlow Clarke , British artistJanuary 23 –Thomas Love Peacock , English satirist (b.1785 )January 31 –Friedrich Rückert , German poet, translator and professor of Oriental languages (b.1788 )February 25 –Sarah Ann Gill , Barbadian national heroine (b.1795 )March 4 –Alexander Campbell , Irish/U.S. founder of theDisciples of Christ (b.1788 )March 6 –William Whewell , English scientist, philosopher and historian of science (b.1794 )March 9 –Jakob Joseph Matthys , Swiss Catholic priest (b.1802 )March 20 –Rikard Nordraak , Norwegian composer (b.1842 )March 21 –Nadezhda Durova , first female Russian military officer (b.1783 )March 24 –Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily , Queen of France (b.1782 )[ 10] March 28 –Solomon Foot , American politician (b.1802 )March 29 –John Keble , British churchman (b.1792 )April 1 –Elizabeth Jesser Reid , English social reformer, founder ofBedford College (b.1789 )April 4 –William Dick , founder ofEdinburgh Veterinary College (b.1793 )April 5 –Thomas Hodgkin , British physician (b.1798 )April 7 –Johann Sedlatzek , German flautist (b.1789 )April 12 –Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood , English Member of Parliament and developer (b.1801 )May 13 –Nikolai Brashman , Russian mathematician of Czech origin (b.1796 )May 29 –Winfield Scott , American general and presidential candidate (b.1786 )June 7 –Chief Sealth , Native American for whomSeattle is named (b. c.1786 )June 17 –Lewis Cass , American military officer, politician, and statesman (b.1782 )Bernhard Riemann July 20 –Bernhard Riemann , German mathematician (b.1826 )July 25 –Floride Calhoun , Second Lady of the United States (b. 1792)July 29 –Madame Clicquot Ponsardin , French champagne producer (b.1777 )August 1 – John Ross, long-serving principal chief of theCherokee Nation , of natural causes, in Washington D. C. (born 1790 in Cherokee Nation East).August 6 –Christian Eric Fahlcrantz , Swedish writer (b.1790 )August 20 –Maria De Mattias , Italian Catholic saint (b.1805 )August 29 –Tokugawa Iemochi , 14thshōgun Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b.1846 )September 4 –Theresa Pulszky , European author (b.1819 )September 30 –Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad , Swedo-Finnish treasurer ofTavastia province , manor host, and paternal grandfather of PresidentP. E. Svinhufvud (b. 1804)[ 11] October 13 –Celadon Leeds Daboll , American merchant and inventor (b.1818 )October 18 –Manuel Bulnes , Chilean general and politician,President of Chile (b.1799 )November 11 –Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte , Prince Imperial of Mexico (b.1807 )November 14 – KingMiguel I of Portugal (b.1802 )November 26 –Jean-Jacques Willmar , Luxembourg politician (b.1792 )December 1 –George Everest , Welsh geodesist (b.1790 )December 21 –William J. Fetterman , United States Army officer (b.1835 ?)[ 12] December 21 –Mercedes Marín del Solar , Chilean poet, reform educator (b.1804 ) December 25 –Hayrullah Efendi , Ottoman physician, historian, and official (b.1818 )[ 13] ^ "Youssef KARAM, I b. May 1823 d. 7 Apr 1889: Ehden Family Tree" .^ "Civil Rights Act of 1866", inEncyclopedia of African American History , Volume 1, Leslie Alexander, ed. (ABC-CLIO, 2010) p699. ^ Tyrrell, John . "The Bartered Bride (Prodaná nevěsta )". In Macy, Laura (ed.).Grove Music Online (subscription required) ^ Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices, South African Republic (Transvaal): Heads of State: 1857–1877 (Accessed on 14 April 2017)^ "May 21, 1864: Bulgaria's First Railway Goes under Construction between Ruse and Varna" .www.bta.bg . RetrievedJuly 18, 2025 .^ "Fast Facts" . The College of Wooster. Archived fromthe original on April 19, 2013. RetrievedApril 8, 2013 .^ Poel, JMG van der (November 12, 2013)."Lovink, Hermanus Johannes (1866–1938)" (in Dutch).Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands . Archived fromthe original on June 8, 2024. RetrievedJune 8, 2024 . ^ "James J. Corbett | American boxer" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedAugust 8, 2021 .^ Herman Rosenthal (1901)."ABELMAN, ILIA SOLOMONOVICH" . InSinger, Isidore ; et al. (eds.).The Jewish Encyclopedia ^ "Marie-Amélie de Bourbon | queen of France | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . RetrievedSeptember 6, 2022 .^ PEHR EVIND SVINHUFVUD (1861–1944), 1ST REGENT OF FINLAND (1918), 3RD PRESIDENT OF FINLAND (1931–1937) ^ McDermott, John D. (Spring 1991)."Price of Arrogance: The Short and Controversial Life of William Judd Fetterman" .Annals of Wyoming by Wyoming State Historical Society .63 (2):42– 53. ^ Akün, Ömer Faruk (1998)."Hayrullah Efendi" .TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 17 (Hayal – Hi̇lâfi̇yat) (in Turkish). Istanbul:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation , Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 67– 75.ISBN 978-975-389-444-9
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