Calendar year
1864 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1864 .
1864 (MDCCCLXIV ) was aleap year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar , the 1864th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 64th year of the19th century , and the 5th year of the1860s decade. As of the start of 1864, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
February 17 : SubmarineH. L. Hunley April 8 –Gallaudet University is founded inWashington, D.C. , as the first university for the deaf and hard of hearing.April 12 –American Civil War :Battle of Fort Pillow – Confederate forces kill most of theAfrican American soldiers who surrender atFort Pillow, Tennessee .April 15 –Choe Je-u , founder of theDonghak Movement, is executed by beheading for sedition, atDaegu , Korea.April 18 – Danish-Prussian War (Second Schleswig War ) –Battle of Dybbøl : The Prussian army, fielding 10,000 men, defeats the Danish defending army of 9,200 at Dybbøl Mill, after an artillery bombardment fromApril 7 –18 .April 22 April 30 – American Civil War: Confederate forces led by GeneralE. Kirby Smith attack federal troops retreating across theSaline atJenkins' Ferry , Arkansas.[ 4] Clipper shipCity of Adelaide Battle of Heligoland in 1864 by Josef Carl Barthold PuettnerMay 13 :Battle of Resaca American Civil War :June 15 –Arlington National Cemetery is established in the United States, when 200 acres (0.81 km2 ) of the grounds of Robert E. Lee's home (Arlington House ) are officially set aside as a militarycemetery , by U.S. Secretary of WarEdwin M. Stanton .June 18 June 19 – American Civil War:Battle of Cherbourg –Confederate States Navy CSSAlabama is sunk in asingle-ship action withUSSKearsarge , in theEnglish Channel off the coast ofCherbourg peninsula , France.June 21 –New Zealand Wars : TheTauranga Campaign ends.June 27 – American Civil War:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain – Confederate troops defeat Union forces nearKennesaw, Georgia .June 29 Second Schleswig War: TheBattle of Als is won by the Prussians under GeneralHerwarth von Bittenfeld , who occupy the island ofAls after crossing the Alssund, between the village of Sottrupskov and theSandbjerg Estate , by night. Of 9,000 Danish troops stationed there, a third are killed, wounded or captured.[ 6] St-Hilaire train disaster , a passenger train operated byGrand Trunk Railway and travelling fromQuebec City toMontreal is derailed at a swung open bridge after a signal passed at danger. The train also collapses onto a ship, sinking both ship and train. 99 people are killed and 100 injured making this the deadliest train accident in Canada's history.[ 7] June – TheUnited States Sanitary Commission 'sSanitary Fair inPhiladelphia takes place.[ 8] American Civil War in 1864 August 5 :Battle of Mobile Bay August 1 – TheElgin Watch Company is founded inElgin, Illinois .August 5 – American Civil War:Battle of Mobile Bay – AtMobile Bay nearMobile, Alabama , AdmiralDavid Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses, and seals one of the last major Southern ports.August 10 – An undeclaredUruguayan War begins, whenUruguay refuses an ultimatum from theEmpire of Brazil .August 13 – The firstfish and chips shop perhaps opens in London.August 18 – American Civil War:Battle of Globe Tavern – Forces under Union GeneralUlysses S. Grant try to cut a vitalConfederate supply-line intoPetersburg, Virginia , by attacking theWilmington and Weldon Railroad , forcing the Confederates to use wagons.August 22 – TheFirst Geneva Convention , for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, is signed inGeneva by 12 European states, under the auspices of theInternational Committee for Relief to the Wounded (predecessor of theInternational Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ).August 22 : Signing of theFirst Geneva Convention November 4 –American Civil War :Battle of Johnsonville – At Johnsonville, Tennessee, troops under the command of Confederate GeneralNathan Bedford Forrest bombard a Union supply base with artillery, and destroy millions of dollars' worth of material.November 7 – The capital ofIdaho Territory is moved fromLewiston toBoise ;North Idaho declares the move illegal, and proposessecession .November 8 –1864 United States presidential election :Abraham Lincoln is reelected, in an overwhelming victory overGeorge B. McClellan .November 12 – Hostilities in theParaguayan War open, with the Paraguayan shipTacuarí capturing the BrazilianMarquês de Olinda , in theParaguay River .American Civil War :November 29 –American Indian Wars :Sand Creek massacre –Colorado volunteers, led by ColonelJohn Chivington , massacre at least 400Cheyenne andArapaho noncombatants at Sand Creek, Colorado (where they had been given permission to camp); many of the dead are subsequently mutilated.Nov.15 :Sherman's March to the Sea Wilhelm Wien Marguerite Durand Ana Echazarreta January 1 January 8 –Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (d.1892 )January 13 –Wilhelm Wien , German physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1928 )January 21 –Israel Zangwill , British novelist, playwright (d.1926 )January 24 –Marguerite Durand , French actress, journalist and feminist leader (d.1936 )January 28 –Herbert Akroyd Stuart , English mechanical engineer, inventor (d.1927 )February 4 –James Fenton , Australian politician (d.1950 )February 7 –Arthur Collins , early American recording artist (d.1933 )February 11 –Louis Bouveault , French chemist (d.1909 )February 17 –Banjo Paterson , Australian poet (d.1941 )February 20 –Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson , British general (d.1925 )March 4 –David W. Taylor , American naval architect (d.1940 )March 12 –W. H. R. Rivers , English psychiatrist (d.1922 )March 13 –Alexej von Jawlensky , Russian expressionist painter (d.1941 )March 14 –Casey Jones , American railway engineer (d.1900 )March 14 –Alfred Redl , Austrian military intelligence officer and double agent (suicide1913 )March 15 –Johan Halvorsen , Norwegian composer (d.1935 )March 17 –Joseph Baptista ,Indian Home Rule Movement founder (d.1930 )March 19 –Charles Marion Russell , American artist (d.1926 )March 23 Max Weber Richard Strauss , 1918Walther Nernst Alois Alzheimer April 10 April 11 –Johanna Elberskirchen , German feminist (d.1943 )April 12 –Rosslyn Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss , British admiral (d.1933 )April 14 –Artur Văitoianu , Romanian general and politician, 27thPrime Minister of Romania (d.1956 )April 21 –Max Weber , German sociologist (d.1920 )May 5 –Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet , British field marshal, politician (d.1922 )May 10 –Léon Gaumont , French film pioneer (d.1946 )May 15 –Vilhelm Hammershøi , Danish painter (d.1916 )May 20 –Vasily Gurko , Russian general (d.1937 )May 25 –Princess Anne of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg , British-born German aristocrat, aviation enthusiast (d.1927 , officially declared dead February1928 )June 2 –Wilhelm Souchon , German admiral (d.1946 )June 3 –Ransom E. Olds , American automotive pioneer (d.1950 )June 10 –Ninian Comper , British architect (d.1960 )June 11 –Richard Strauss , German composer (d.1949 )June 13 –Dwight B. Waldo , American educator, historian (d.1939 )June 14 –Alois Alzheimer , German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (d.1915 )June 22 –Hermann Minkowski , German mathematician (d.1909 )June 25 –Walther Nernst , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1941 )June 30 –Frederick Bligh Bond , English architect (d.1945 )Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec July 12 July 13 –John Jacob Astor IV , American businessman, inventor (d.1912 )July 15 –Marie Tempest , English stage, film actress (d.1942 )July 20 –Erik Axel Karlfeldt , Swedish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1931 )July 21 –Frances Cleveland ,First Lady of the United States (d.1947 )July 23 –Apolinario Mabini , Filipino political theoretician, Prime Minister (d.1903 )August 9 –Roman Dmowski , Polish politician (d.1939 )August 20 –Ion I. C. Brătianu , 5-time prime minister of Romania (d.1927 )August 23 –Eleftherios Venizelos , 7-time prime minister of Greece (d.1936 )September 14 –Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood , English politician, diplomat, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1958 )Emma Sheridan Fry October 1 –Emma Sheridan Fry , American actress and playwright (d.1936 )October 3 –Sentō Takenaka , Japanese admiral (d.1919 )[ 17] October 5 –Louis Lumière , French inventor (d.1948 )October 8 –Kikunae Ikeda , Japanese chemist (d.1936 )[citation needed October 9 –Reginald Dyer , British army officer, perpetrator ofJallianwala Bagh massacre (d.1927 )October 15 –Lorenzo Lauri , Italian cardinal (d.1941 )October 25 –Alexander Gretchaninov , Russian composer (d.1956 )October 31 –Cosmo Gordon Lang ,Archbishop of Canterbury (d.1945 )November 5 –Jessie Ralph , American actress (d.1944 )November 1 –Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (d.1918 )November 11 –Alfred Hermann Fried , Austrian writer, pacifist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1921 )November 24 –Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , French painter (d.1901 )November 26 –Edward Higgins , third General ofThe Salvation Army (d.1947 )November 27 –Alfred Meyer-Waldeck , German admiral (d.1928 )December 6 December 8 –Camille Claudel , French sculptor (d.1943 )December 9 –Breaker Morant , Australian soldier (d.1902 )December 12 –Paul Elmer More , American critic, essayist (d.1937 )December 14 –Frank Campeau , American actor (d.1943 )December 23 –Princess Zorka of Montenegro (d.1890 )December 25 –Thomas Cahill , American soccer coach (d.1951 )December 27 –Peyton C. March , U.S. Army general (d.1955 )John Sedgwick J. E. B. Stuart January 13 –Stephen Foster , American song composer (b.1826 )January 24 –Vedanayagam Sastriar ,Tamil Lutheran hymnwriter andcourt poet in the palace ofSerfoji II , the lastMaratha King of Thanjavur (b.1774 )January 27 –Leo von Klenze , German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer (b.1784 )February 7 –Vuk Stefanović Karadžić , Serbian linguist, major reformer of the Serbian language (b.1787 )February 22 –James Sewall Reed , U.S. Army officer (in battle) (b.1832 )February 25 –Anna Harrison ,First Lady of the United States (b.1775 )March 10 – KingMaximilian II of Bavaria (b.1811 )March 28 –Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (b.1789 )April 4 –Joseph Pitty Couthouy , American naval officer (b.1808 )April 14 –Charles Lot Church , Nova Scotia politician (b.1777 )April 30 –John B. Cocke , Confederate officer (in battle) (b.c. 1833 )[ 18] May 2 –Giacomo Meyerbeer , German composer (b.1791 )May 5 –Elizabeth Andrew Warren , Cornish botanist, marinealgolologist (b.1786 )May 9 May 12 –J. E. B. Stuart , Confederate general (in battle) (b.1833 )May 19 –Nathaniel Hawthorne , American author (b.1804 )May 20 –John Clare ,Northamptonshire peasant poet (b.1793 )June 1 –Hong Xiuquan , Chinese rebel (b.1814 )June 4 –Matías Ramón Mella , Dominican general (b.1816 )June 13 –Henryk Dembiński , Polish engineer (b.1791 )June 14 –Patrick Kelly , U.S. Army officer (in battle) (b. c.1822 )June 15 –William E. Jones , Confederate general (in battle) (b.1824 )Juan José Flores Princess Caraboo August 3 –Jakob Walter , Germanstonemason , common draftee (b.1788 )August 4 –David Hansemann , Prussian politician (b.1790 )August 19 –Trương Định , Vietnamese leader (suicide) (b.1820 )August 31 –Ferdinand Lassalle , Prussian-German philosopher, socialist and politician (b.1825 )September 3 –Emil Oskar Nobel , younger brother ofAlfred Nobel (killed in an explosion) (b.1843 )October 1 –Juan José Flores ,President of Ecuador (b.1800 )October 12 –Roger Taney ,Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b.1777 )November 6 –Tuanku Imam Bonjol , Indonesian religious and military leader (b.1772 )November 20 –Albert Newsam , American artist (born 1809)November 30 December 1 –William L. Dayton – United States Minister to France (b.1807 )December 8 –George Boole , English mathematician, philosopher (b.1815 )December 21 –Archduke Louis of Austria (b.1784 )December 23 –James Bronterre O'Brien , British Chartist (b.1804 )December 24 – Mary Baker (née Willcocks), akaPrincess Caraboo (b.1791 )December 31 –George M. Dallas , U.S. Senator,11th Vice President of the United States (b.1792 )^ Bjørn, Claus; Due-Nielsen, Carsten (2006).Dansk Udenrigspolitiks Historie. Vol. III, Fra Helstat til Nationalstat, 1814–1914 (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendal. pp. 238– 39. ^ Chaffin, Tom (2008).The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy ISBN 978-0-8090-9512-4 ^ Hurwitz, David (2010).Petite Messe solennelle (Works of Gioachino Rossini, Vol. 3) (PDF) . classicstoday.com.^ Bearss, Edwin C. (1967). "Chapter V: The Confederates Fail to Destroy Stele's Army at Jenkins' Ferry".Steele's Retreat From Camden and the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry . Arrangement with the Grant County Chamber of Commerce. Little Rock, Arkansas: Arkansas Civil War Centennial Commission. pp. 114– 169.OCLC 1843035 .^ Thelwell, Emma (January 24, 2008)."Société Générale: A history" The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. ^ "The capture of the Island of Als" . February 25, 2009. Archived fromthe original on February 25, 2009.^ "From 99 dead when train plunged through swing bridge to Lac-Mégantic: Canada's most deadly rail accidents" .^ "Great Central Fair Buildings, Philadelphia" .World Digital Library . RetrievedJuly 28, 2013 .^ Crețulescu, Vladimir (2015)."The Aromanian-Romanian national movement (1859-1905): an analytical model" .Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia .22 (1):99– 121.doi :10.14746/bp.2015.22.8 ^ Kahl, Thede (2003)."Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?" (PDF) .Jahrbücher für Geschichte und Kultur Südosteuropas .5 :205– 219.^a b Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 284– 285.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "History of Nevada" .jic.nv.gov . RetrievedJuly 18, 2025 .^ Maxwell, J. Clerk (1865)."A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF) .Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London .155 :459– 512.doi :10.1098/rstl.1865.0008 .S2CID 186207827 . RetrievedAugust 30, 2011 . ^ "History of Mizuho".The Oriental Economist . 1966. p. 574. ^ Kjellander, Rune (1979)."Clara Lachmann" .Dictionary of Swedish National Biography ^ "仙頭武央 ～日本海海戦 対馬艦長～" .bujinkensyokai . RetrievedSeptember 4, 2022 .^ Allardice, Bruce S. (2008).Confederate Colonels: A Biographical Register . Shades of Blue and Gray Series. Columbia, Missouri:University of Missouri Press . p. 104.ISBN 978-0-8262-1809-4 OL 16839816M . 
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