Calendar year
May 1 : TheGreat Exhibition of 1851 opens in London.September 18 :The New York Times 1851 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1851 .
1851 (MDCCCLI ) was acommon year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1851st year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 51st year of the19th century , and the 2nd year of the1850s decade. As of the start of 1851, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 11 –Hong Xiuquan officially begins theTaiping Rebellion in China, one of the bloodiest revolts that would lead to 20 million deaths.January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-dayColumbia College , receives its charter from theMissouri General Assembly .January 23 – The flip of a coin, subsequently named thePortland Penny , determines whether a new city in theOregon Territory will be named afterBoston ,Massachusetts , orPortland, Maine , withPortland winning.January 28 –Northwestern University is founded inIllinois .February 1 –Brandtaucher submersible craft, sinks during acceptance trials in the Germanport of Kiel , but the designer,Wilhelm Bauer , and the two crew escape successfully.February 6 –Black Thursday occurs in Australia asbushfires sweep across the state ofVictoria , burning about a quarter of its area.February 12 –Edward Hargraves claims to have foundgold in Australia.[ 1] February 15 – InBoston, Massachusetts , members of the anti-slaveryBoston Vigilance Committee rescue fugitive slaveShadrach Minkins from a courtroom, following his arrest by U.S. marshals.March 1 –Victor Hugo uses the phraseUnited States of Europe March 11 –Giuseppe Verdi 's operaRigoletto La Fenice inVenice .March 27 – The first European men reportedly seeYosemite Valley .March 30 – AUnited Kingdom Census is taken. The population has reached 21 million. 6.3 million live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales, and cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population. It also shows that alegacy of the Great Irish Famine is that the population of Ireland has fallen to 6,575,000 – a drop of 1,600,000 in ten years, many having emigrated.[ 2] [ 3] April 8 –Western Union is founded, as theNew York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company .[ 4] April 9 –San Luis , the oldest permanent settlement in the state ofColorado , is founded by settlers fromTaos, New Mexico .April 20 –Ramón Castilla loses power inPeru .April 23 –Anne Darwin , daughter ofCharles Darwin dies, sending him into a great depression.April 25 –Placer County, California , is formed from parts ofSutter andYuba Counties withAuburn as the county seat.April 28 –Santa Clara College is chartered inSanta Clara, California .May 1 –The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nationsthe Crystal Palace ,Hyde Park, London is opened byQueen Victoria .May 15 May 15 :Rama IV is crowned as the King of Siam.July 1 Port Phillip District separates fromNew South Wales to become the Colony ofVictoria (Australia) .Serial poisonerHélène Jégado is arrested inRennes , France. Her trial opens on December 6; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed byguillotine . Battle of Ras Tanoura, a collision occurs between the Bahrain blockading force off Kateef and the Arab fugitives at Kenn Island, who surprised and attacked the Bahrain fleet. Mubarak bin Abdulla bin Ahmed, along with his brother Rashid and Busher bin Rahma Al Jalahma were all killed in the battle. July 10 – TheUniversity of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College, inSanta Clara, California .July 28 – Totalsolar eclipse visible inCanada ,Greenland ,Iceland and NorthernEurope , the first solar eclipse to be photographed.July 29 –Annibale de Gasparis , inNaples , Italy discovers asteroid15 Eunomia August 1 –Virginia closes its Reform Constitutional Convention, deciding that all white men have the right to vote.August 3 – Thefilibustering Lopez Expedition sails fromNew Orleans ,Louisiana heading to seizeSpanish-ruled Cuba .August 12 –Isaac Singer is granted a United States patent for his improved sewing machine.[ 6] August 22 – The yachtAmerica America's Cup race, off the coast of England.August 22 : The yachtAmerica September 1 –Narciso López is executed inHavana following the failure of his expedition in Cuba.September 15 –Saint Joseph's University is founded inPhiladelphia .September 18 –The New York Times September 30 –HSwMSEugenie leaves fromKarlskrona ,Sweden to begin its voyage as the firstSwedish Royal Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world.October 15 October 17 – The firstParsi-Muslim riot begins inBombay , India.October 24 –Ariel andUmbriel ,moons ofUranus , are discovered byWilliam Lassell .October – TheReuters news service is founded inLondon November 1 –Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway officially opened in Russia.November 13 November 14 –Herman Melville 's novelMoby-Dick ; or The WhaleHarper & Brothers , New York, after being first published onOctober 18 in London, byRichard Bentley , in three volumes asThe Whale .November 21 – Mutineerstake control of the Chileanpenal colony ofPunta Arenas in theStrait of Magellan .[ 7] November 26 –27 –Morocco : French naval forcesbombard the Moroccan city ofSalé , in retaliation for looting of a French cargo ship.December 2 – In what amounts to acoup d'etat , PresidentLouis-Napoleon Bonaparte of France dissolves theFrench National Assembly , and declares a new constitution to extend his term.A year later he declares himself as EmperorNapoleon III , ending theSecond Republic .December 9 – The firstYMCA in North America is established inMontreal .December 22 – The first railway operates inIndia , hauling canal construction material inRoorkee .December 24 – TheLibrary of Congress in Washington, D.C., burns.December 26 –27 – A BritishRoyal Navy warship bombardsLagos Island;Oba Kosoko is wounded, and flees toEpe .December 29 – The firstYMCA in the United States opens in Boston, Massachusetts.December 31 –1851 Chilean Revolution : At theBattle of Loncomilla , Chilean rebels are defeated, ending the revolution.Ella Giles Ruddy Rose Coghlan , 1870sJanuary 9 –Rudolf von Brudermann , Austro-Hungarian general (d.1941 )January 11 –Soeria Atmadja , Sundanese noble and politician, Regent of Sumedang (1881 - 1919) (d.1921 )[ 8] January 16 –William Hall-Jones , English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.1936 )January 17 –A. B. Frost , American illustrator (d.1928 )January 19 January 21 –Pietro Frugoni , Italian general (d.1940 )February 2 –Ella Giles Ruddy , American author and essayist (d.1917 )February 13 –Joseph B. Murdock , United States Navy admiral, New Hampshire politician (d.1931 )February 15 –Antero Rubín , Spanish general, politician (d.1935 )February 23 –Frederick Warde , English actor (d.1935 )March 14 –John Sebastian Little , American politician, congressman (d.1916 )March 18 March 19 March 24 –Friedrich von Scholtz , German general (d.1927 )March 27 –Vincent d'Indy , French composer, teacher (d.1931 )March 28 –Bernardino Machado , Portuguese President (d.1944 )March 31 –Francis Bell , 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.1936 )April 1 –Bruno von Mudra , German general (d.1931 )April 4 –James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy , Irish lawyer, politician (d.1931 )April 13 April 15 –Auguste Dubail , French general (d.1934 )April 20 –Young Tom Morris , Scottish golfer (d.1875 )April 21 May 6 –Aristide Bruant , French cabaret singer, comedian (d.1925 )May 7 –Adolf von Harnack , German Lutheran theologian, church historian (d.1930 )May 11 –Madre Teresa Nuzzo , Maltese nun, foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart (d.1923 )May 14 –Anna Laurens Dawes , American author, suffragist (d.1938 )May 15 –Lillian Resler Keister Harford , American church organizer, editor (d.1935 )Emile Berliner Dora Montefiore July 5 –Hannibal di Francia , Italian priest, saint (d.1927 )July 8 –Arthur Evans , British archaeologist (d.1941 )July 15 –Eduardo Gutiérrez , Argentinian author (d.1889 )July 20 –Arnold Pick , Czech-German neurologist, psychiatrist (d.1924 )July 21 –Sam Bass , American outlaw (d.1878 )August 3 –Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov , Russian general (d.1919 )August 14 –Doc Holliday , American gambler, gunfighter (d.1887 )August 31 –Stefania Wolicka , Polish historian (d.1937 )September 1 –Carl Kellner , Austrian mystic (d.1905 )September 7 –David King Udall , American politician (d.1938 )September 13 –Walter Reed , American army physician, bacteriologist (d.1902 )[ 9] September 16 –Evgeny Aleksandrovich Radkevich , Russian general (d.1930 )September 21 –Arthur Schuster , German-British physicist (d.1934 )September 29 –Hardwicke Rawnsley , English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (d.1920 )October 2 –Ferdinand Foch , French commander of Allied forces in World War I (d.1929 )October 5 –Thomas Pollock Anshutz , American painter, educator (d.1912 )October 20 –George Gandy , American entrepreneur (d.1946 )November 5 –Charles Dupuy , 3-time prime minister of France (d.1923 )November 10 –José Maria de Yermo y Parres , MexicanRoman Catholic priest and saint (d.1904 )November 13 –Klemens Bachleda , PolishTatra guide and mountain rescuer (d.1910 )November 16 –William Elbridge Sewell , American naval officer,Governor of Guam (d.1904 )November 27 –Friedrich Sixt von Armin , German general (d.1936 )December 10 –Melvil Dewey , American librarian, inventor ofDewey Decimal Classification (d.1931 )December 20 –Dora Montefiore , English suffragist, socialist (d.1933 )December 24 –Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau , French general (d.1944 )December 30 –Asa Griggs Candler , American businessman, politician (d.1929 )Mary Shelley Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi January 10 –Karl Freiherr von Müffling , Prussian field marshal (b.1775 )January 19 –Esteban Echeverría , Argentine poet, writer (b.1805 )January 21 –Albert Lortzing , German composer (b.1801 )January 23 –Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny , Scottish politician (b.1809 )January 27 –John James Audubon , French-American naturalist, illustrator (b.1785 )January 31 –David Spangler Kaufman , Congressman from Texas (b.1813 )February 1 –Mary Shelley , English author (b.1797 )February 3 –Benjamin Williams Crowninshield , Congressman from Massachusetts, secretary of U.S. Navy (b.1772 )February 18 –Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi , German mathematician (b.1804 )February 23 –Joanna Baillie , Scottish poet, dramatist (b.1762 )February 28 –Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie ,Marshal of France (b.1775 )March 4 –Henry Smith , Texas governor (b.1788 )March 9 –Hans Christian Ørsted , Danish scientist (b.1777 )April 2 –Nangklao (Rama III),King of Siam (Thailand ) (b.1788 )April 15 –Andrés Quintana Roo , Mexican politician and lawyer, husband ofLeona Vicario (b.1787 )[ 10] April 25 –Mor Sæther , Norwegian herbalist (b.1793 )May 13 –Princess Augusta of Bavaria , Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b.1788 )May 14 –Manuel Gómez Pedraza , 6thPresident of Mexico , 1832-1833 (b.1789 )[ 11] May 22 –Mordecai Manuel Noah , American writer, journalist (b.1785 )June 9 –John Brown Russwurm ,Americo-Liberian journalist and governor of the AfricanRepublic of Maryland (b.1799 )[ 12] June 10 –Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville , British politician (b.1771 )Louis Daguerre Karl Drais July 10 –Louis Daguerre , French artist, chemist (b.1787 )July 17 –Roger Sheaffe , British general (b.1763 )August 8 –James Broadwood , English piano manufacturer (b.1772 )August 24 –James McDowell , American politician (b.1795 )September 10 –Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet , American educator (b.1787 )September 11 –Sylvester Graham , American nutritionist, inventor (b.1794 )September 14 –James Fenimore Cooper , American writer (b.1789 )October 4 –Manuel Godoy , Spanish statesman (b.1767 )October 19 –Madame Royale Marie Thérèse of France (b.1778 )October 25 –Giorgio Pullicino , Maltese painter, and architect (b.1779 )October 31 –Petar II Petrović-Njegoš , Montenegrin statesman, religious leader and poet (b.1813 )November 26 –Jean-de-Dieu Soult , French marshal, politician (b.1769 )December 9 –William Thornhill , British Army officer (b.1768 )December 19 ^ scheme=AGLSTERMS. AglsAgent; corporateName=State Library of New South Wales; address=1 Shakespeare Place, Sydney (December 7, 2015)."Rumours of gold" .www.sl.nsw.gov.au . RetrievedJuly 17, 2025 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )^ Ross, David (2002).Ireland: History of a Nation 216, 313 .ISBN 1842051644 ^ Ó Gráda, Cormac (2006).Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives . University College Dublin Press. p. 3.ISBN 1-904558-57-7 ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Patents (1936).Pooling of Patents: Hearings Before the Committee on Patents ^ Castle and Cooke, Ltd; Castle & Cooke (1951).The First 100 Years: A Report on the Operations of Castle & Cooke for the Years 1851-1951 ^ "The Invention That Spawned a Fashion Revolution" .Time . Archived fromthe original on July 30, 2020. RetrievedJune 26, 2020 .^ Nagel Behnke, Harold (1994),"Capitán de fragata Benjamín Muñoz Gamero (1817–1851)" (PDF) ,Revista de Marina 6 :1– 8, archived fromthe original (PDF) on May 24, 2014, retrievedSeptember 25, 2022 ^ Kurnia, Atep."RIWAYAT JALAN DI KOTA BANDUNG (19): Jalan Pangeran Sumedang" .bandungbergerak.id . Bandung Bergerak. RetrievedJune 16, 2025 . ^ Miller, Dean (January 1, 2014).Immunologists and Virologists ISBN 978-1-62712-562-8 ^ "Biografia de Andrés Quintana Roo" (in Spanish). L'historia. March 10, 2015.^ "MANUEL GÓMEZ PEDRAZA" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2019. RetrievedMay 30, 2019 .^ James, Winston (2010).The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm . New York, NY: New York University Press. pp. 25, 90, 105.ISBN 978-0-8147-4289-1
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