1844–45 United States Senate elections

← 1842 & 1843 Various dates 1846 & 1847 →
18 of the 54 seats in theUnited States Senate (with special elections) 28 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party Third party   Party Democratic Whig Law and Order Last election 23 seats 27 seats New party Seats before 23 27 1 Seats won 8 8 0 Seats after 27 24 0 Seat change 3 3 1 Seats up 5 11 1
Results:      Democratic gain     Democratic hold      Whig gain     Whig hold      Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election Whig Elected Majority Party Democratic

The1844–45 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding withJames K. Polk'selection. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1844 and 1845, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.^[1]

In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 1. TheDemocratic Party re-captured control of the Senate, gaining a net total of eleven seats from theWhigs.

Senate party division,29th Congress (1845–1847)

• Majority party: Democratic (26–31)
• Minority party: Whig (24)
• Other parties: (0–1)
• Vacant: (4–2)
• Total seats: 54–58

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1844 or in 1845 before March 4; ordered by election date.

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1845; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1845 after March 4; ordered by election date.

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Reverdy Johnson won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.^[5]

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There were three elections: Two special elections were held on January 18, 1845, and one regular election was held on February 4, 1845.

The68th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to May 14, 1845.

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge had been re-elected in 1840 to the Class 1 seat (term 1839–1845), but resigned June 17, 1844, to becomeGovernor of Wisconsin Territory. On November 30,Governor of New YorkWilliam C. Bouck appointed his DemocraticLieutenant GovernorDaniel S. Dickinson to fill the vacancy temporarily, and Dickinson was seated December 9, 1844.

January 18, 1845, United States Senator special election, Class 1

House	Democratic		Whig		American Republican
State Senate (32 members)	YDaniel S. Dickinson	27	Millard Fillmore	3	Jonathan Thompson	1
State Assembly (128 members)	YDaniel S. Dickinson

Silas Wright Jr. had been re-elected in 1843 to the Class 3 seat (term 1843–1849), but resigned November 26, 1844, when electedGovernor of New York. On November 30, Governor Bouck appointed Democratic State SenatorHenry A. Foster to fill the vacancy temporarily, and Foster took his seat on December 9, 1844.

January 18, 1845, United States Senator special election, Class 3

House	Democratic		Whig		American Republican
State Senate (32 members)	YJohn Adams Dix	27	Willis Hall	3	Harman B. Cropsey	1
State Assembly (128 members)	YJohn Adams Dix

Dix took his seat on January 27, 1845, and remained in office until March 3, 1849, when his term expired.

February 4, 1845, United States Senator election, Class 1

House	Democratic		Whig
State Senate (32 members)	YDaniel S. Dickinson	25	John C. Clark	4
State Assembly (128 members)	YDaniel S. Dickinson

Dickinson re-took his seat under the new credentials on January 27, 1845, and re-elected, remained in office until March 3, 1851, when his term expired.

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The regular election was held January 14, 1845. IncumbentDaniel Sturgeon was re-elected by thePennsylvania General Assembly to theUnited States Senate.^[6] The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of theHouse of Representatives and theSenate, convened on January 14, 1845, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1845. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

A special election was held March 13, 1845.Simon Cameron was elected by thePennsylvania General Assembly to theUnited States Senate.^[8] Democratic future-U.S. presidentJames Buchanan was elected in an1834 special election and was re-elected in1836 and1843.

Senator Buchanan resigned on March 5, 1845, after being appointedU.S. Secretary of State by PresidentJames K. Polk.^[9]

Following the resignation of senator Buchanan, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 13, 1845, to elect a new senator to fill the vacancy and serve the remainder of the term set to expire on March 4, 1849. Five ballots were recorded. The results of the fifth and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:

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• 1844 United States elections
  • 1844 United States presidential election
  • 1844–45 United States House of Representatives elections
• 29th United States Congress
• 30th United States Congress

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• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
• Members of the 28th United States Congress, via GPOaccess.gov
• Members of the 29th United States Congress, via GPOaccess.gov
• Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from theWilkes University Election Statistics Project
• Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899).Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900. State of Ohio.
• The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 134f for State Senators 1845; pg. 230f for Members of Assembly 1845)
• Political History of the State of New York, from Jan. 1, 1841, to Jan. 1, 1847; Vol. III byJabez Delano Hammond (State election, 1844: pg. 505f; appointments, 1844: pg. 508f; Speaker election, 1845: pg. 518; U.S. Senate nominations, 1845: pg. 526ff) [gives wrong date for caucus, and election]
• Abridgment of the Debates in Congress, from 1789 to 1856: Dec. 4, 1843 to June 18, 1846 (page 197)
• Journal of the Senate (68th Session) (1845; pg. 77f and 142f)

• 1844 United States Senate elections
• 1845 United States Senate elections

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