Calendar year
September 9 : Potato crops ruined in Ireland, starting the Great Famine.March 1 : U.S. annexes territory of the Republic of Texas.1845 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1845 .
1845 (MDCCCXLV ) was acommon year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1845th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 45th year of the19th century , and the 6th year of the1840s decade. As of the start of 1845, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 1 – ThePhilippines began reckoning Asian dates by hopping theInternational Date Line through skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. That time zone shift was a reform made by Governor–GeneralNarciso Claveria on August 16, 1844, in order to align the local calendars in the country with the rest of Asia as trade interests withImperial China ,Dutch East Indies and neighboring countries increased, afterMexico became independent in 1821. The reform also applied toCaroline Islands ,Guam ,Marianas Islands ,Marshall Islands , andPalau as part of theCaptaincy General of the Philippines .[ 1] January 10 –Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poetRobert Browning ;[ 2] May 20 , they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing herSonnets from the Portuguese January 23 – TheUnited States Congress establishes a uniform date for federal elections, which will henceforth be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.January 29 –The Raven Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time, in theNew York Evening Mirror February 1 –Anson Jones , President of theRepublic of Texas , signs the charter officially creatingBaylor University (the oldest university in the U.S. state ofTexas that still operates under its original name).February 7 – In theBritish Museum , a drunken visitor smashes thePortland Vase , which takes months to repair.February 28 – TheUnited States Congress approves theannexation of Texas .March 1 – PresidentJohn Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex theRepublic of Texas , subject to approval by the voters in the Republic. The territory claimed includes all of the future U.S. state of Texas, as well as portions of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming.March 3 March 11 – TheNew Zealand Wars open with theFlagstaff War . ChiefsKawiti andHōne Heke lead 700Maoris in the burning of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka (modern-dayRussell, New Zealand ).March 13 – TheViolin Concerto Felix Mendelssohn premieres inLeipzig , withFerdinand David as soloist.March 17 –Stephen Perry patents therubber band , in the United Kingdom.[ 4] April 7 – An earthquake destroys part ofMexico City , along with the nearby towns ofTlalpan andXochimilco .April 10 – TheGreat Fire of Pittsburgh destroys much of the American city ofPittsburgh .April 20 –Ramón Castilla becomes president ofPeru .May 2 –Yarmouth suspension bridge inGreat Yarmouth , England, collapses leaving around 80 dead, mostly children.[ 5] May 19 –HMSErebus andHMSTerror , with 134 men, comprising SirJohn Franklin 'sexpedition to find theNorthwest Passage , sail fromGreenhithe on theThames . They will last be seen in the summer, enteringBaffin Bay .[ 6] May 25 – A theater fire inCanton , China, kills 1,670.May 30 –Fatel Razack Fath Al Razack Arabic :قتح الرزاق ) is the first ship to bring indentured labourers fromIndia toTrinidad and Tobago , landing in theGulf of Paria with 227 immigrants.[ 7] May –Frederick Douglass 's autobiographicalNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Boston Anti-Slavery Society.June 8 – Former U.S. PresidentAndrew Jackson , 78, dies atThe Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee) .The first issue ofScientific American October 9 – The eminent and controversialAnglican ,John Henry Newman , is received into theRoman Catholic Church .October 10 – InAnnapolis, Maryland , the Naval School (later renamed theUnited States Naval Academy ) opens with 50 midshipmen and seven professors.October 13 – A majority of voters in theRepublic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by theUnited States Congress , will makeTexas aU.S. state .October 19 –Richard Wagner 's operaTannhäuser Dresden Royal Court Theater.October 21 – TheNew York Herald November 20 –Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata –Battle of Vuelta de Obligado : TheArgentine Confederation is narrowly defeated by an Anglo–French fleet on the waters of theParaná River , but the victors suffer serious damage to their ships, and Argentina attracts political support in South America.December 2 –Manifest destiny : U.S. PresidentJames K. Polk announces to Congress that theMonroe Doctrine should be strictly enforced, and that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.December 11 –First Anglo-Sikh War : Sikh army crosses theSutlej in thePunjab .December 22 –23 –Battle of Ferozeshah (Anglo-Sikh War):East India Company forces are victorious over those of the Sikh Empire.December 27 December 29 –Texas is admitted as the 28thU.S. state .[ 13] December 30 –Queen's Colleges ofBelfast ,Cork , andGalway are incorporated in Ireland.George Reid Georg Cantor Alexander III of Russia Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Gustaf de Laval January 7 – KingLudwig III of Bavaria (d.1921 )January 29 –Pyotr Bezobrazov , Russian admiral (d.1906 )February 2 –Ivan Puluj , Ukrainian physicist, inventor (d.1918 )February 14 –Quintin Hogg , Britishphilanthropist (d.1903 )February 15 –Elihu Root , Americanstatesman ,diplomat , recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1937 )February 25 –Sir George Reid , 4thPrime Minister of Australia (d.1918 )March 3 –Georg Cantor , German mathematician (d.1918 )March 4 –Henry Clay Taylor , Americanadmiral (d.1904 )March 5 –Gerard Noel , British admiral (d.1918 )[ 16] March 10 – EmperorAlexander III of Russia (d.1894 )March 20 –Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey , 18thGovernor of New South Wales (d.1915 )March 27 –Wilhelm Röntgen , Germanphysicist ,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1923 )April 4 –František Plesnivý , Austro-Hungarian architect (d.1918 )April 5 –Jules Cambon , French diplomat (d.1935 )April 22 –Carlo Caneva , Italian general (d.1922 )April 24 –Carl Spitteler , Swiss writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1924 )May 4 –William Kingdon Clifford , English mathematician, philosopher (d.1879 )May 9 –Gustaf de Laval , Swedish engineer, inventor (d.1913 )May 12 –Gabriel Fauré , French composer (d.1924 )May 14 –Charles J. Train , American admiral (d.1906 )May 15 –Élie Metchnikoff , Russianmicrobiologist , recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1916 )May 17 –Jacint Verdaguer ,Catalan poet (d.1902 )May 25 –Eugène Grasset , Swiss-born artist (d.1917 )May 30 – KingAmadeo I of Spain (d.1890 )May 31 –R. E. B. Crompton , British electrical engineer, industrialist and inventor (d.1940 )June 7 –Leopold Auer , Hungarianviolinist , composer (d.1930 )June 18 –Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran , French physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1922 )June 22 –Richard Seddon , 15thPrime Minister of New Zealand (d.1906 )Jacinta Parejo July 4 –Thomas John Barnardo , Irish philanthropist (d.1905 )July 19 –Horatio Nelson Young , American naval hero (d.1913 )August 9 –André Bessette , Canadian religious leader and saint (d.1937 )August 10 –Abai Qunanbaiuly , Kazakh poet (d.1904 )August 16 August 19 –Edmond James de Rothschild , Frenchphilanthropist (d.1934 )August 20 –Albert Chmielowski , Polish painter,Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (d.1916 )August 21 –William Healey Dall , American naturalist, biologist and explorer (d.1927 )August 25 – KingLudwig II of Bavaria (d.1886 )September 1 –Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen , British field marshal (d.1932 )September 9 –Warner B. Bayley , United States Navy rear admiral (d.1928 )September 11 –Emile Baudot , French telegraph engineer and inventor (d.1903 )October 13 –Charles Stockton , American admiral (d.1924 )October 21 –William McKendree Carleton , American poet (d.1912 )November 3 –Inoue Yoshika , Japanese admiral (d.1929 )November 4 –Vasudev Balwant Phadke , Indian revolutionary (d.1883 )November 10 –Sir John Thompson , 4thPrime Minister of Canada (d.1894 )November 13 –Marta Abreu , Cuban philanthropist (d.1909 )November 25 –José Maria de Eça de Queirós , Portuguese writer (d.1900 )December 9 –Joel Chandler Harris , American writer (d.1908 )December 24 –George I of Greece (d.1913 )Andrew Jackson January 11 –Etheldred Benett , British geologist (b.1776 )January 24 –Emiliano Madriz , actingSupreme Director of Nicaragua (b.1800 )January 28 –Mary Ann Browne , British poet and writer of musical scores (b.1812 )February 13 –Henrik Steffens , Norwegian philosopher (b.1773 )February 22 –William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington , British politician (b.1763 )March –Nicolás Espinoza , Head of State of El Salvador (b.1795 ) March 13 –Charles-Guillaume Étienne , French playwright (b.1778 )March 18 –Johnny Appleseed , Americanpioneer (b.1774 )April 10 – Dr.Thomas Sewall , American anatomist (b.1786 )April 20 –Seku Amadu , founder of the Fula Massina Empire (b.1773 )May 12 May 15 –Braulio Carrillo Colina , Costa Rican Head of State (b.1800 )June 4 –Lasse-Maja , notorious Swedish criminal (b.1785 )June 8 –Andrew Jackson , 7th President of the United States (b.1767 )Charlotte Ann Fillebrown Jerauld July 12 July 17 –Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.1764 )July 22 –Heinrich Graf von Bellegarde , Austrian field marshal, statesman (b.1756 )August 3 –Charlotte Ann Fillebrown Jerauld , American poet and story writer (b.1820 )August 23 October 12 –Elizabeth Fry , British humanitarian (b.1780 )October 18 –Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini , French astronomer (b.1748 )October 26 –Lady Nairne , Scottish songwriter (b.1766 )November 3 –Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen , Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (b.1776 )November 17 –Sir Salusbury Pryce Humphreys , British admiral (b.1778 )November 18 – KingAleamotuʻa of Tonga (b.1738 )^ "CURRENT PH CALENDAR BEGINS" .Facebook . Project Vinta. January 1, 2021. RetrievedApril 19, 2023 .^ Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984).A Book of Days for the Literary Year ISBN 0-500-01332-2 ^ Congress overrides presidential veto for first time . history.house.gov^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ "The Great Yarmouth Suspension Bridge Disaster – May 2nd 1845" (PDF) .Broadland Memories . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved2010-10-14 .^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999. p. 549.ISBN 1-85986-000-1 ^ When the British decided they were going to bring Indians to Trinidad this year, most of the traditional British ship owners did not wish to be involved. The ship was originally namedCecrops , but upon delivery was renamed toFath Al Razack . The ship leftCalcutta onFebruary 16 . ^ Fox, Stephen (2003).Transatlantic: Samuel Cunard, Isambard Brunel, and the Great Atlantic Steamships ISBN 978-0-06-019595-3 ^ "Great Britain " .The Ships List . Archived fromthe original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved2010-10-01 .^ "Dreadful Shipwreck! Wreck of the Cataraqui Emigrant Ship, 800 tons" .Launceston Examiner . 1845-09-17. p. 5. Retrieved2011-08-21 .^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 267– 268.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "Phytophthora infestans " .A Short History of Ireland .BBC . Retrieved2012-08-05 .^ Association (TSHA), Texas State Historical."Timeline: Annexation and Statehood (1845–1859)" .Texas Almanac . Retrieved2025-07-17 . ^ "E. Clampus Vitus" . 2010. Archived fromthe original on July 22, 2011. RetrievedOctober 1, 2010 .^ "Luce Ben Aben School of Arab Embroidery I, Algiers, Algeria" .World Digital Library . Retrieved2013-09-26 .^ "Admiral of the Fleet Sir Gerard Henry Uctred Noel GCB, KCMG" . Admirals.org.uk. Retrieved23 December 2014 .^ "Died" .Richmond Times-Dispatch . Richmond, Virginia. 28 August 1845. p. 2. Retrieved2 July 2025 – via Newspapers.com.^ "Died" .The New Era . Portsmouth, Virginia. 27 August 1845. p. 3. Retrieved2 July 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
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