Calendar year
December 16 : TheGreat Fire of New York destroys 17 blocks of businesses in Manhattan, including the New York Stock Exchange.October 2 : TheTexas Revolution starts in Mexico at the American settlement of Gonzalez.1835 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1835 .
1835 (MDCCCXXXV ) was acommon year starting on Thursday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1835th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 35th year of the19th century , and the 6th year of the1830s decade. As of the start of 1835, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
July 14 – The universalCatholic Apostolic Church is organized, initially in the U.K.July 25 –James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constantelectric light at a public meeting inDundee, Scotland .[ 4] [ 5] July 28 – An assassination attempt against KingLouis Philippe I of France is attempted byGiuseppe Marco Fieschi , who uses a home-madevolley gun and kills 10 people. The King escapes with a minor wound.July – TheBertelsmann company is founded byCarl Bertelsmann as a religious printer and publisher in Prussia.August 25 – In the U.S.,The New York Sun Great Moon Hoax August 28 – St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor ofCastleknock College , is founded by theVincentian community inDublin , Ireland.August 30 – European settlers, landing on the north banks of theYarra River in Victoria, Australia, found the settlement ofMelbourne .August –H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first knownphotographic negatives , atLacock Abbey in England.[ 6] September 7 –Charles Darwin arrives at theGalápagos Islands , aboardHMS Beagle .September 19 –William Lloyd Garrison publishesAngelina Grimké 's anti-slavery letter inThe Liberator September 20 – TheRagamuffin War begins inRio Grande do Sul ,Brazil .October 2 – TheTexas Revolution –Battle of Gonzales : Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people ofGonzales, Texas , but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.October 3 – TheStaedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler inNuremberg , Germany.October 28 November 12 – Construction is completed on theWilberforce Monument inKingston Upon Hull .[ 7] November 16 –Halley's Comet reachesperihelion , its closest approach to the Sun.November 27 – Two London men,James Pratt and John Smith , arehanged in front ofNewgate Prison in London, after a conviction ofbuggery . They are the last to suffer capital punishment forhomosexual acts in England.[ 8] December 5 – Start ofMoriori genocide , the killing and enslavement of the indigenous people of theChatham Islands by 500Māori people from New Zealand.[ 9] December 7 December 9 – TheArmy of the Republic of Texas capturesSan Antonio .December 16 – TheGreat Fire of New York begins and lasts until the next day, destroying 530 buildings, including theNew York Stock Exchange .[ 10] December 20 – TheTexas Declaration of Independence is signed by American residents rebelling againstMexico atGoliad, Texas .December 21 – TheRaleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered inRaleigh, North Carolina .[ 11] December 28 — TheSecond Seminole War , led by Seminole ChiefOsceola breaks out in the U.S. state of Florida.December 29 – TheTreaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government and representatives of theCherokee Nation .The BritishEast India Company negotiates a lease of theDarjeeling area west of theMahananda River , from theKingdom of Sikkim .[ 12] TheBritish Geological Survey is founded, as the world's first nationalgeological survey . Civil war erupts inUruguay , between supporters of theBlanco andColorado parties. TheCachar Levy , forerunner of theAssam Rifles The firstBulgarian -language school opens in theOttoman Empire . The French word for their language changes tofrançais , fromfrançois . Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the1838 Trail of Tears .Charles-Louis Havas createsHavas Agence France-Presse English becomes theofficial language of India. Juan Manuel de Rosas becomesCaudillo ofArgentina .Edward Strutt Abdy publishes hisJournal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834 .David Strauss begins publication ofDas Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet ("The life of Jesus, critically examined") inTübingen .The firstEgyptian Museum in Cairo opened. Leopold II of Belgium Pope Pius X January 14 –Emmy Rappe , Swedish nurse pioneer (d.1896 )February 13 –Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of theAhmadiyya Muslim Community (d.1908 )February 15 February 18 –César Cui , Lithuanian composer (d.1918 )February 22 –Jeannette Walworth , American novelist, journalist (d.1918 )March 12 March 14 –Giovanni Schiaparelli , Italian astronomer (d.1910 )March 15 –Eduard Strauss , Austrian composer (d.1916 )[ 14] March 21 –Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter , Swedish Sami educator (d.1873 )March 24 –Josef Stefan , Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d.1893 )April 1 –James Fisk , American entrepreneur (d.1872 )April 4 –John Hughlings Jackson , English neurologist (d.1911 )April 9 – KingLeopold II of Belgium (d.1909 )May 3 –Alfred Austin , English poet (d.1913 )May 18 –Charles N. Sims , American Methodist preacher, third chancellor ofSyracuse University (d.1908 )May 21 –František Chvostek , Moravian physician (d.1884 )June 2 –Pope Pius X (d.1914 )June 6 –Ștefan Fălcoianu , Romanian general and politician (d.1905 )June 9 –Ramón Barros Luco , 15thPresident of Chile (d.1919 )June 10 –Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany , (d.1908 )June 12 –George Atzerodt , conspirator withJohn Wilkes Booth , assigned to assassinateVice President Andrew Johnson (d.1865 )June 15 –Adah Isaacs Menken , American actress (d.1868 )June 23 –Fanny Eaton , Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker (d.1924 )June 24 –Johannes Wislicenus , German chemist (d.1902 )June 26 –Thomas W. Knox , American author, journalist (d.1896 )Adolf von Baeyer Empress Dowager Cixi Mark Twain Matilda Carse July 6 –Sir George White , British field marshal (d.1912 )July 7 –Ernest Giles , Australian explorer (d.1897 )July 10 –Henryk Wieniawski , Polish composer (d.1880 )July 19 –Justo Rufino Barrios , 9th President of Guatemala (d.1885 )July 27 –Giosuè Carducci , Italian writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1907 )July 30 –Edmund Francis Dunne , American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator (d.1904 )July 31 –Henri Brisson , 2-time prime minister of France (d.1912 )August 2 –Elisha Gray , American inventor, businessman (d.1901 )August 6 –Hjalmar Kiærskou , Danish botanist (d.1900 )August 19 –Tom Wills , Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football (d.1880 )August 27 –Thomas Burberry , English businessman, inventor (d.1926 )September 1 –Raphael Kalinowski , PolishDiscalced Carmelite friar, saint (d.1907 )October 7 –Felix Draeseke , German composer (d.1913 )October 9 –Camille Saint-Saëns , French composer (d.1921 )October 16 –William Rufus Shafter , American general (d.1906 )October 23 –Adlai Stevenson I , American lawyer and politician, 23rdVice President of the United States (d.1914 )October 31 –Adolf von Baeyer , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1917 )November 6 –Cesare Lombroso , Italian criminologist (d.1909 )November 17 –Andrew L. Harris , American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio (d.1915 )November 19 –Matilda Carse , Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (d.1917 )November 21 –Rose Eytinge , American actress (d.1911 )November 25 November 29 –Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d.1908 )[ 16] November 30 –Mark Twain , American author, humorist (d.1910 )[ 17] December 4 –Samuel Butler , English writer (d.1902 )December 6 –Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig , German chemist (d.1910 )December 17 –Alexander Emanuel Agassiz , American scientist (d. 1910)December 18 –Lyman Abbott , American clergyman, author (d.1922 )December 28 –Sir Archibald Geikie , Scottish geologist (d.1924 )Wilhelm von Humboldt SaintMagdalene of Canossa January 1 –Mátyás Godina , Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer, and teacher (b.1768 )February 8 –Guillaume Dupuytren , French anatomist, military surgeon (b.1777 )February 15 March 2 –Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1768 )March 18 –Christian Günther von Bernstorff , Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat (b.1769 )March 28 –Auguste de Beauharnais ,Prince consort of QueenMaria II of Portugal (b.1810 )March 30 –Richard Sharp , English hat-maker, banker, merchant, poet, critic, Member of Parliament, and conversationalistApril 1 –Józef Zeydlitz , Polish military leader (b.1755 )April 8 –Wilhelm von Humboldt , German linguist, philosopher (b.1767 )[ 18] April 10 –Magdalene of Canossa , Italian Catholic religious professed, saint (b.1774 )April 21 –Samuel Slater , American industrialist (b.1768 )May 8 –Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales , first lady of Peru, controversial socialite (b.1803 )May 13 –John Nash , English architect (b.1752 )June 18 –William Cobbett , English journalist, author (b.1763 )June 24 –Andreas Vokos Miaoulis , Greek admiral (b.1768 )June 25 –Ebenezer Pemberton , American educator (b.1746 )July 6 –John Marshall , influential AmericanChief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b.1755 )July 15 –Izabela Czartoryska , Polish magnate princess (b.1746 )July 28 –Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise , French marshal (b.1768 )August 18 –Friedrich Stromeyer , Germanchemist (born 1776)[ 19] September 23 November 14 –James Freeman , first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian (b.1759 )November 20 –Joseph von Baader , German railway pioneer (b.1763 )November 29 – PrincessCatharina of Württemberg , wife ofJérôme Bonaparte (b.1783 )December 17 –Pierre Louis Roederer , French politician, economist, and historian (b.1754 )December 22 –David Hosack , American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel (b.1769 )^ "Public debt history" . www.publicdebt.treas.gov. Archived fromthe original on March 6, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2010 .^ "Ferdinand (I) | Biography, Reign, & Facts | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . 2025-06-25. Retrieved2025-07-17 .^ Bateson, Charles (1959).The Convict Ships, 1787–1868 . Glasgow: Brown, Son & Ferguson.OCLC 3778075 . ^ Challoner, Jack; et al. (2009).1001 Inventions That Changed The World . Hauppauge NY: Barrons Educational Series. p. 305.ISBN 978-1844036110 ^ "James Bowman Lindsay - Local History Centre, Leisure and Culture Dundee" .Leisure and Culture Dundee . Retrieved2 September 2024 .^ Robertson, Patrick (1974).The Shell Book of Firsts . London: Ebury Press. pp. 127– 8.ISBN 0-7181-1279-2 ^ "Wilberforce Monument, Non Civil Parish - 1283041" .Historic England Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved1 October 2021 .^ Cook, Matt; Mills, Robert; Trumback, Randolph; Cocks, Harry (2007).A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages .Greenwood World Publishing . p. 109.ISBN 978-1846450020 ^ Solomon, Maui (2019-12-15)."Moriori: Still setting the record straight" .E-Tangata .Archived from the original on 2021-02-17. Retrieved2021-02-28 . ^ "Fires, Great", inThe Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance , Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p76 ^ "Railroads – prior to the Civil War" .North Carolina Business History . 2006. Archived fromthe original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved2011-12-02 .^ Dasgupta, Atis (1999). "Ethnic Problems and Movements for Autonomy in Darjeeling".Social Scientist .27 (11– 12):47– 68.doi :10.2307/3518047 .JSTOR 3518047 . ^ Schiavone, Michael J. (2009).Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. II G–Z .Pietà : Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. pp. 1414– 1415.ISBN 9789993291329 ^ Randel, Don Michael (30 October 2002).The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians ISBN 978-0-674-25572-2 ^ "Andrew Carnegie: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland" .www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk . Retrieved8 January 2020 .^ "Cixi | Biography & Facts" .Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved8 January 2020 .^ "Mark Twain | Biography & Facts" .Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved30 November 2020 .^ Doerig, Detmar (2008)."Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)" Hamowy, Ronald (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism . Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage ;Cato Institute . pp. 229– 230.doi :10.4135/9781412965811.n141 .ISBN 978-1412965804 ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF) . The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.ISBN 0-902-198-84-X the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved2018-10-03 .
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