1830–31 United States Senate elections

← 1828 & 1829 Dates vary by state 1832 & 1833 →
16 of the 48 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian Last election 26 seats 19 seats Seats before 25 23 Seats won 8 6 Seats after 26 20 Seat change 1 3 Seats up 7 9   Third party   Party Nullifier Seats before New party Seats won 1 Seats after 1 Seat change 1 Seats up 0
Results:      Jacksonian Hold     Jacksonian Gain      Anti-Jacksonian Hold     Anti-Jacksonian Gain      Nullifier Gain     Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election Jacksonian Elected Majority Party Jacksonian

The1830–31 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1830 and 1831, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.

TheJacksonians gained one seat from theAnti-Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-livedNullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat.

Senate party division,22nd Congress (1831–1833)

• Majority party: Jacksonian (24–23)
• Minority party: Anti-Jackson (21–23)
• Other parties:Nullifier (2–1)
• Total seats: 48

After the January 7, 1830 special election in Delaware.

Bold states link to specific election articles.

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1830 or before March 4, 1831; ordered by election date.

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1831 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1831 after March 4; ordered by election date.

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Illinois had two elections in this cycle: one for each seat.

For the Class 3 seat, one-term incumbent JacksonianElias Kane was re-elected in 1831 for the term beginning March 4, 1831.

For the Class 2 seat, Jacksonian incumbentJohn McLean, who had beenelected in 1828 or 1829, died October 14, 1830. JacksonianDavid J. Baker was appointed November 12, 1830 to continue the term until a special election. On December 11, 1830, JacksonianJohn McCracken Robinson was elected to finish the term and was seated January 4, 1831.

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Kentucky had two elections in this cycle.

When JacksonianJohn Rowan's term ended March 3, 1831, the legislature had not yet voted a replacement. When the legislature resumed for its session in November 1831, Anti-JacksonianHenry Clay was elected, but still in time to participate when the 22nd Congress convened in December 1831.

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Louisiana had two elections in this cycle.

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1831 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1826 February 24, 1831 1835 →
80 members of theMaryland General Assembly
Candidate Ezekiel F. Chambers No votes Party National Republican Legislative vote 53 20 Percentage 72.60% 27.40%

Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over non-voters by a margin of 45.21%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.^[7]

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The Senate election in New York was held on February 1, 1831, by theNew York State Legislature.Nathan Sanford had been elected in 1826 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1831. At the state election in November 1830, the Jacksonians managed to defeat the combinedAnti-Masons andAnti-Jacksonians.Enos T. Throop was narrowly re-elected Governor, a large Jacksonian majority was elected to the Assembly, and five of the nine State Senators elected were Jacksonian Democrats. The54th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 26, 1831, atAlbany, New York. The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the election, and n The Jacksonian State legislators held a caucus before the electionominatedNew York Supreme Court Justice William L. Marcy. The vote was 77 for Marcy, 15 forErastus Root, 6 for the incumbentNathan Sanford and 6 scattering votes. William L. Marcy was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

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The two houses of theOhio General Assembly met during the winter of 1830–1831 in joint assembly to elect a Senator (Class 3). After seven ballots, on various dates,Thomas Ewing was elected on a majority of the ballots. The balloting was as follows:^[8]

Ballot	Thomas Ewing (Anti-Jacksonian)	Micajah T. Williams (Jacksonian)	Edward King (Anti-Jacksonian)
1	33	49	21
2	37	50	21
3	42	49	16
4	46	52	9
5	51	51	5
6	54	53	2
7	Y 54	51	2

Pennsylvania had two election in this cycle.

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Following the December 6, 1831 resignation of Senator Isaac Barnard due to ill health, thePennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 13, 1831, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Eleven ballots were recorded. The results of the eleventh and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:

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• 1830 United States elections
  • 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections
• 21st United States Congress
• 22nd United States Congress

• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

• 1830 United States Senate elections
• 1831 United States Senate elections

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