May 20 toJuly 9: Zarafa, the first giraffe to be seen in Europe since the 16th century, travels from Marseille to Paris.February 20: TheBattle of Ituzaingó is fought on the border between Brazil and the United Provinces, leaving hundreds of combatants dead.October 20: British, French and Russian ships defeat the Ottoman Navy in theBattle of Navarino.(Naval Battle of Navarino byAmbroise Louis Garneray)
January 27 – AuthorJohann Wolfgang von Goethe first elaborates on his vision ofWeltliteratur (world literature), in a letter to Johann Peter Eckermann, declaring his belief that "poetry is the universal possession of mankind", and that "the epoch of world literature is at hand, and each must work to hasten its coming."[3]
February 28 – TheBaltimore and Ohio Railroad is incorporated, becoming the first railroad in the United States offering commercial transportation of both people and freight.
The new state constitution for the Mexican state ofCoahuila y Tejas is ratified, including a phasing-out of slavery in its Article 13, which declares that "From and after the promulgation of the constitution in the capital of each district, no one shall be born a slave in the state, and after six months the introduction of slaves under any pretext shall not be permitted."[5] The prohibition of importing slaves from the United States is lifted when Texas declares independence in 1836, and the Republic of Texas Constitution will provide specifically that Africans and "the descendants of Africans" will not be considered "citizens of the republic".
The predecessor ofQasr El Eyni Hospital and Cairo University School of Medicine is established inEgypt under the direction ofAntoine Clot as the first medical school in the region.[6][7]
March 16 –Freedom's Journal, the first African-American owned and published newspaper in the United States, is founded in New York City byJohn Russwurm.
May 1 –Georg Ohm publishesDie galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (tr.,The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically) in whichOhm's law appears for the first time.
June 4 – French inventorJoseph Niépce sends a package toLouis Daguerre revealing the existence of his invention, "heliography", where an image can be reproduced onto a pewter plate and then reprinted.[12] In 1829, the two will begin a partnership, and Daguerre will perfect Niépce's photographic process to reproduce images more quickly.
September 20 – A petition for a land grant for 215 acres on the north bank ofRio Grande, just across from Paso del Norte (modern-dayCiudad Juárez), is approved; the first residence is built on what is modern-dayEl Paso, Texas.
December 20 – Mexico passes its first "expulsion law", providing for citizens of Spain to be expelled within the next six months, and to remain barred from re-entry until the Kingdom of Spain recognizes Mexico's1810 declaration of independence. Ultimately, because of all the exemptions within the expulsion act, only 1,779 of the 6,610 Spaniards are required to leave.[19]
^abAllin, Michael (1999).Zarafa: A Giraffe's True Story, from Deep in Africa to the Heart of Paris. Delta Books.ISBN0-385-33411-7.
^"A Photo-engraving of 1826", inThe Process Photogram and Illustrator (January 1905), p82
^John Frost,History of Ancient and Modern Greece (Lincoln and Edmands, 1831) p355
^Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot,Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali (Cambridge University Press, 1984) p208
^Gilles Jacoud,Political Economy and Industrialism: Banks in Saint-Simonian Economic Thought (Routledge, 2010)
^Harrison, John (2009).Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: The Quest for the New Moral World. London: Routledge. p. 35.ISBN9780203092354.
^Billington, James H. (1999).Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Faith. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 245.ISBN9780765804716.
^Williams, Raymond (2014). "Socialism".Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Oxford University Press. p. 224.
^Timothy E. Anna,Forging Mexico, 1821-1835 (University of Nebraska Press, 2001) p203
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