Calendar year
1816 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1816 .
June 19 : TheBattle of Seven Oaks is fought near Winnipeg between theHudson's Bay Company and the victoriousNorth West Company .1816 (MDCCCXVI ) was aleap year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1816th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 16th year of the19th century , and the 7th year of the1810s decade. As of the start of 1816, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
This year was known as theYear Without a Summer Northern Hemisphere , possibly the result of the1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, causing severeglobal cooling , catastrophic in some locations.[ 1]
May toAugust : Temperatures drop below freezing in Northern Hemisphere during "Year Without a Summer ".January 6 – (December 25, 1815 on the Russian Julian calendar):Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order, expelling theJesuits fromSt. Petersburg and Moscow.[ 2] January 9 –January 17 – Fire nearly destroys the city ofSt. John's, Newfoundland .February 10 –Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck , dies and is succeeded byFriedrich Wilhelm , his son and founder of theHouse of Glücksburg .February 20 –Gioachino Rossini 'sopera buffa The Barber of Seville Teatro Argentina in Rome.March 1 – TheGorkha War between theUnited Kingdom andNepal is ended after more than a year by the ratification of theTreaty of Sugauli , with Nepal ceding about one-third of its territory to British Indian control.[ 4] March 16 – U.S. Secretary of StateJames Monroe is nominated by a caucus of Democratic-Republican Party members of Congress, to be its party's representative in the U.S. presidential election; Monroe receives 65 votes, and Secretary of WarWilliam H. Crawford receives 54 votes.[ 5] March 21 – TheInstitut de France is reorganized by KingLouis XVIII into four royal academies: a revivedAcadémie française ; the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy of Sciences; and theAcadémie des Beaux-Arts .[ 6] March 22 – The United States signs a treaty with the Cherokee Nation, acknowledging that it will return land in Alabama and Georgia that had been illegally ceded to the U.S. in1814 by the Creek Nation; General Andrew Jackson refuses to honor the treaty, and uses the controversy as a justification for removing Indians from the southeastern United States.[ 7] March 29 –April 10 – TheSecond Bank of the United States obtains its charter.March 30 –April 11 – InPhiladelphia , theAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church is established byRichard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination in the U.S. completely independent of White churches.April 28 – The FrenchCaisse des dépôts et consignations Louis XVIII .[ 8] April –Banjul , capital ofthe Gambia , is founded as a trading post named Bathurst.[ 9] May 2 –Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians) marriesCharlotte Augusta , daughter of thePrince Regent , atCarlton House in London.May 8 – Divorce is abolished in France by theChambre introuvable [ 10] June 4 (N.S.) (May 23 O.S.) – TheGovernorate of Estonia of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants fromserfdom .June 16 – TheSociety for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace is founded in London.[ 11] June 19 –Battle of Seven Oaks : TheHudson's Bay Company is defeated by theNorth West Company , nearWinnipeg , Canada.July 2 – The French frigateMedusa Senegal , with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.[ 12] July 9 – TheUnited Provinces of South America (todayArgentina ,Uruguay ,Bolivia and southernBrazil ) declaresindependence from Spain.August 12 –24 – TheTreaty of St. Louis , between the United States and theCouncil of Three Fires tribes, is signed inSt. Louis .August 14 – The United Kingdom formally annexes theTristan da Cunha archipelago in the southern Atlantic Ocean, ruling it from theCape Colony .August 27 –Bombardment of Algiers : An anglo-Dutch fleet forcesOmar Agha ,Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.September 3 –Pope Pius VII sends a directive toStanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz , theRoman Catholic Archbishop of Mohilev , advising Siestrzeńcewicz not to continue theRussian Bible Society 's plans to circulate the Scriptures written in theRussian language , commenting that "if the Sacred Scriptures were allowed in the vulgar tongue, more detriment than benefit would arise."[ 13] September 6 – KingLouis XVIII dissolves theChambre introuvable , the legislature that had been elected after theSecond Bourbon Restoration re-established the old monarchy.[ 14] Charlotte Brontë Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya January 3 –Samuel C. Pomeroy , American politician, railroad executive (d.1891 )January 30 –Nathaniel P. Banks , American politician, general (d.1894 )February 25 –Matías Ramón Mella , Dominican revolutionary and Founding Father of theDominican Republic (d.1864 )March 14 –William Marsh Rice , American university founder (d.1900 )March 21 – Most Rev.Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos , Roman Catholicarchbishop and Mexican politician who served asregent during theSecond Mexican Empire , 1863-1864 (d.1891 )[ 19] March 29 –Tsultrim Gyatso , 10thDalai Lama of Tibet (d.1837 )April 5 –Samuel Freeman Miller ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1890 )April 21 –Charlotte Brontë , English novelist, poet (d.1855 )[ 20] April 22 –Charles-Denis Bourbaki , French general (d.1897 )April 25 –Eliza Daniel Stewart ,American temperance movement leader (d.1908 )May 9 –Princess Leonilla Bariatinskaya , Russian aristocrat (d.1918 )May 15 –Jean-Joseph Farre , French general and statesman (d.1887 )May 24 –Emanuel Leutze , German-American painter (d.1868 )May 31 –Dimitrie Ghica , 10th Prime Minister of Romania (d.1897 )June 14 –Priscilla Cooper Tyler ,de facto First Lady of the United States (d.1889 )June 19 –William Henry Webb , American industrialist, philanthropist (d.1899 )June 30 –Richard Lindon , English inventor of the rugby ball (d.1887 )Arthur de Gobineau Paul Reuter Werner von Siemens July 14 –Arthur de Gobineau , French diplomat, author (d.1882 )July 21 –Paul Reuter , German entrepreneur (d.1899 )July 23 –Charlotte Cushman , American actress (d.1876 )July 31 –George Henry Thomas , American general (d.1870 )August 4 –William Julian Albert , U.S. Congressman from Maryland (d.1879 )August 12 –Ion Ghica , 3-time prime minister of Romania (d.1897 )August 14 –Félix Douay , French general (d.1879 )August 16 –Charles John Vaughan , English scholar (d.1897 )August 21 –Jeanette Berglind , Swedish sign language pedagogue (d.1903 )September 6 –Henri Jules Bataille , French general (d.1882 )September 11 –Carl Zeiss , German maker of optical instruments (d.1888 )October 11 –William B. Renshaw , United States Navy officer (d.1863 )October 22 –Prince Yamashina Akira of Japan (d.1891 )November 3 –Jubal Early , American Confederate general (d.1894 )November 4 –Stephen Johnson Field ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1899 )November 17 –August Wilhelm Ambros , Austrian composer (d.1876 )November 29 December 10 –August Karl von Goeben , Prussian general (d.1880 )December 13 –Werner von Siemens , German inventor, industrialist (d.1892 )December 14 –Abraham Hochmuth , Hungarian rabbi (d.1889 )December 29 –Carl Ludwig , German physician, physiologist (d.1895 )Maria I of Portugal January 2 –Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau , French chemist, politician (b.1737 )January 5 –George Prévost , British general, colonial administrator (b.1767 )January 27 –Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood , British admiral (b.1724 )February 6 –Maria Ludwika Rzewuska , Polish szlachcianka (b.1744 )February 22 –Adam Ferguson , Scottish philosopher, historian (b.1723 )March 3 –Johann August von Starck , German pastor (b.1741 )March 19 –Filippo Mazzei , Italian physician, friend ofThomas Jefferson (b.1730 )March 20 –Maria I ,Queen of Portugal , firstmonarch of Brazil (b.1734 )March 31 –Francis Asbury , American Methodist bishop (b.1745 )May 4 –Samuel Dexter , American lawyer, politician, 4thUnited States Secretary of War , 3rdUnited States Secretary of the Treasury (b.1761 )June 5 –Giovanni Paisiello , Italian composer (b.1751 )June 12 –Pierre Augereau ,Marshal of France , duc de Castiglione (b.1757 )Francisco de Miranda July 5 –Dorothea Jordan , Irish-born actress, mistress of the future KingWilliam IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1761)July 7 –Richard Brinsley Sheridan , Irish-born playwright and politician (b.1751 )[ 22] July 14 –Francisco de Miranda , Venezuelan revolutionary (b.1750 )July 27 –Olof Tempelman , Swedish architect (b.1745 )August 12 –John Smith , American politician (b.1752 )August 29 –Johann Hieronymus Schröter , German astronomer (b.1745 )September 20 –Harry Innes , United States federal judge (b.1752 )September 22 –Sir Robert Gunning, 1st Baronet , British diplomat (b.1731 )September 27 –Edward Charles Howard , Englishchemist ,chemical engineer (b.1774 )November 6 –Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b.1741 )November 8 –Gouverneur Morris , American statesman (b.1752 )November 14 –Angélique Victoire, Comtesse de Chastellux , French comtesse (b.1752 )December 15 –Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope , English statesman, scientist (b.1753 )December 30 –Louis Henri Loison , French general (b.1771 )^ McNamara, Robert (24 March 2018)."The Year Without a Summer Was a Bizarre Weather Disaster in 1816" .ThoughtCo . Retrieved20 April 2019 . ^ Who were Czars Alexander I and Alexander II of Russia? , toughissues.org (accessed 2013-12-13).Archived December 16, 2013, at theWayback Machine .^ Thompson, Roy (2004).Thunder Underground: Northumberland mining disasters, 1815-1865 ISBN 9781843061694 . Retrieved2013-01-08 . ^ K. L. Pradhan,Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839 (Concept Publishing, 2012), p. 110. ^ The Statesman's Manual: The Addresses and Messages of the Presidents of the United States, Inaugural, Annual, and Special, from 1789 to 1854 (E. Walker, 1849) p321^ Louis L. Bucciarelli and Nancy Dworsky,Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity (Springer, 2012), p. 138. ^ Kenneth J. Hagan and Ian J. Bickerton,Unintended Consequences: The United States at War (Reaktion Books, 2007), p. 48. ^ "Ordonnance du 3 juillet 1816 relative aux attributions de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations créée par la loi du 28 avril 1816" .Legifrance . Retrieved2019-06-19 .^ Saho, Bala (2018).Contours of Change: Muslim Courts, Women, and Islamic Society in Colonial Bathurst, the Gambia, 1905–1965 . East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press. pp. 45– 51.ISBN 9781611862669 ^ Counter, Andrew J. (2016).The Amorous Restoration: Love, Sex, and Politics in Early Nineteenth-Century France . Oxford University Press. p. 47. ^ Ceadel, Martin (1996).The Origins of War Prevention: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1730–1854 . Clarendon Press. p. 222. ^ Snow, Edward Rowe (1979).Tales of terror and tragedy . New York: Dodd, Mead. p. 67.ISBN 978-0396077756 ^ Roger Steer,Good News for the World: 200 Years of Making the Bible Heard : the Story of Bible Society (Monarch Books, 2004), p. 155. ^ Darrin M. McMahon,Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity ^ "The Marine List" .Lloyd's List hdl :2027/uc1.c2735027 . Retrieved2021-05-17 .^ "Indiana admitted to Union as 19th state, Dec. 11, 1816" .POLITICO . Retrieved2025-07-13 .^ "Le recensement de la population à Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon en 2006" . Insee.Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved2013-02-08 .^ "Axa Isle of Man: History" . Axa-iom.co.im. 1996-11-12. Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved2024-04-11 .^ "Excmo. Sr. Don Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos (1855-1863)" (in Spanish). Arquidiocesis de Puebla. Archived fromthe original on May 29, 2019. RetrievedMay 29, 2019 .^ "Charlotte Brontë | British author" .Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved17 April 2019 .^ Mariano Gabriele,Augusto Riboty , Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare, 1999 (in Italian). ^ Cousin, John William (1910), "Sheridan, Richard Brinsley ",A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature Wikisource 
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