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12 of the 36 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Federalist hold Federalist gain Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Legislature Failed To Elect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with PresidentJames Madison'sre-election. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.
TheDemocratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.
Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
| DR28 Pa. Retired | DR27 Ohio Retired | DR26 N.C. Retired | DR25 Ky. Retired | DR24 Md. Unknown | DR23 La. Unknown | DR22 S.C. Ran | DR21 N.Y. Ran | DR20 Ga. Ran | |
| DR29 Vt. Retired | F7 N.H. Ran | F6 Conn. Ran | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
| DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||
| DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 |
| Majority → | DR19 | ||||||||
| V1 Md. DR Loss | DR27 S.C. Re-elected | DR26 Ga. Re-elected | DR25 Vt. Hold | DR24 Pa. Hold | DR23 Ohio Hold | DR22 N.C. Hold | DR21 La. Hold | DR20 Ky. Hold | |
| V2 N.H. F Loss | F6 N.Y. Gain | F5 Conn. Re-elected | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||
| Key: |
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Louisiana (Class 2) | None (new state) | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Louisiana (Class 3) | None (new state) | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain. | |||
| Louisiana (Class 2) | Thomas Posey | Democratic- Republican | 1812(appointed) | Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812. Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. |
|
| Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic- Republican | 1809 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813. |
|
| Kentucky | John Pope | Democratic- Republican | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Louisiana | Allan B. Magruder | Democratic- Republican | 1812 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland | Philip Reed | Democratic- Republican | 1806 (special) 1806 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. | [data missing] |
| New Hampshire | Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots. Federalist loss. |
|
| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) 1807 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain. |
|
| North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic- Republican | 1799 1804(lost) 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Ohio | Alexander Campbell | Democratic- Republican | 1809 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Pennsylvania | Andrew Gregg | Democratic- Republican | 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) 1806 | Incumbent re-elected in late 1812.[11] |
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| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795(lost) 1801 (special) 1806 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) | James Lloyd | Federalist | 1808 (special) 1808 | Resigned May 1, 1813. New senator elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold. |
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| Connecticut (Class 3) | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist | 1807 (special) 1812 | Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to becomeLieutenant Governor of Connecticut. New senator elected May 13, 1813. Federalist hold. |
|
| Maryland (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist gain. |
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| Delaware (Class 2) | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (special) 1805 1811 | Resigned March 3, 1813. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist hold. |
|
| New Hampshire (Class 3) | Charles Cutts | Federalist | 1810(special) 1813(appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| Georgia (Class 2) | William Bulloch | Democratic- Republican | 1813(appointed) | Interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term.Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Robert H. Goldsborough won election overEdward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[18]
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