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11 of the 34 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Federalist hold Dem-Republican hold Legislature Failed To Elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1810–11 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1810 and 1811, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 2.
TheDemocratic-Republican Party maintained their Senate majority. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that, had they won all of the elections, they would still not have reached a majority.
Democratic-Republicans: 28 seats Federalists: 6 seats
Democratic-Republicans: 30 seats Federalists: 6 seats
Democratic-Republicans: The Democratic-Republicans gained 2 seats, increasing their majority from 28 to 30 seats. Federalists: The number of Fedethe ralist seats remained unchanged at 6.
The Democratic-Republican Party continued to dominate the Senate, reflecting the broader political landscape of the era. The period was marked by the lead-up to the War of 1812, with growing tensions between the United States and Great Britain influencing political discourse and legislative priorities.[2]
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 Ga. Ran | ||||||||
| F8 Mass. Ran | DR26 Va. Ran | DR25 Tenn. Ran | DR24 S.C. Retired | DR23 R.I. Unknown | DR22 N.C. Ran | DR21 N.J. Ran | DR20 N.H. Ran | DR19 Ky. Retired | |
| F7 Del. Ran | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 Ga. Re-elected | ||||||||
| V1 Mass. F Loss | DR26 Va. Re-elected | DR25 Tenn. Re-elected | DR24 S.C. Hold | DR23 R.I. Hold | DR22 N.C. Re-elected | DR21 N.J. Re-elected | DR20 N.H. Re-elected | DR19 Ky. Hold | |
| F7 Del. Re-elected | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key |
|
|---|
Except if/when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware (Class 1) | Samuel White | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801(appointed) 1803 1809 | Incumbent died November 4, 1809. New senatorelected January 12, 1810. Federalist hold. |
|
| New Hampshire (Class 3) | Nahum Parker | Democratic- Republican | 1807 | Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810. New senatorelected June 21, 1810. Federalist gain. |
|
| Connecticut (Class 1) | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1797 1803 1809 | Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810. New senatorelected in June 1810. Federalist hold. |
|
| Ohio (Class 1) | Return J. Meigs Jr. | Democratic- Republican | 1808 (special) 1808 | Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810, to becomeGovernor of Ohio. New senatorelected December 15, 1810 on the sixth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina (Class 2) | Thomas Sumter | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) 1809 | Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senatorelected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
|
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Delaware | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (special) 1805 | Incumbentre-elected January 8, 1811. |
|
| Georgia | William H. Crawford | Democratic- Republican | 1807 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811. |
|
| Kentucky | Henry Clay | Democratic- Republican | 1810(appointed) | Appointee retired torun for U.S. House of Representatives. New senatorelected January 8, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts | Timothy Pickering | Federalist | 1803 (special) 1805 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect due to partisan deadlock in theMassachusetts Senate. Federalist loss. |
|
| New Hampshire | Nicholas Gilman | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbentre-elected June 21, 1810, on the fourth ballot. |
|
| New Jersey | John Condit | Democratic- Republican | 1803(appointed) 1803 (special) 1809(lost) 1809(appointed) 1809 (special) | Incumbentre-elected November 5, 1810. |
|
| North Carolina | James Turner | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbentre-elected November 28, 1810 on the third vote. |
|
| Rhode Island | Elisha Mathewson | Democratic- Republican | 1807 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senatorelected November 2, 1810. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina | Thomas Sumter | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) 1809 | Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senatorelected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term; see above. |
|
| Tennessee | Jenkin Whiteside | Democratic- Republican | 1809 (special) | Incumbentre-elected early October 28, 1809. |
|
| Virginia | William B. Giles | Democratic- Republican | 1804(appointed) 1804 (special) 1804 | Incumbentre-elected January 2, 1811. |
|
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect; see above. New senatorelected late June 6, 1811 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Tennessee (Class 2) | Jenkin Whiteside | Democratic- Republican | 1809 (special) | Incumbent resigned October 8, 1811. New senatorelected October 1, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Rhode Island (Class 1) | Christopher G. Champlin | Federalist | 1809 (special) | Incumbent resigned October 12, 1811. New senatorelected October 28, 1811. Federalist hold. |
|
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