Calendar year
July 22 : Spain defeats French occupying forces atBattle of Bailén .1808 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1808 .
March 22: Britain defeats Denmark-Norway at theBattle of Zealand Point . May 2 : ThePeninsular War begins as citizens of Spain begin uprising against the French occupiers.1808 (MDCCCVIII ) was aleap year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar , the 1808th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 8th year of the19th century , and the 9th year of the1800s decade. As of the start of 1808, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 1 January 22 –Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil :John (Dom João), Prince Regent, and theBraganza royal family of Portugal arrive in their colony ofBrazil in exile from the French occupation of their home kingdom.January 26 –Rum Rebellion : On the 20th anniversary of the foundation of thecolony ofNew South Wales , disgruntled military officers of theNew South Wales Corps (the "Rum Corps") overthrow and imprisonGovernor William Bligh and seize control of the colony.February 2 – French troops takeRome as part of theNapoleonic Wars .[ 4] February 6 – The shipTopaz Pitcairn Islands ; only oneHMSBounty mutineer is still alive,John Adams , who is using the pseudonym Alexander Smith.February 11 – InWilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania ,Jesse Fell becomes the first known person to burnanthracite coal as residential heating fuel.[ 5] February 21 March 1 – The slave trade is abolished by the United Kingdom in all of its colonies as theSlave Trade Act 1807 takes effect.[ 7] Royal Navy establishes theWest Africa Squadron on the coast ofWest Africa to enforce the abolitionistBlockade of Africa .March 2 March 7 –Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil : The Portuguese royal court arrives inRio de Janeiro , making it the centre of thePortuguese Empire .March 11 – Russian troops occupyTampere in Finland.March 13 – Upon the death ofChristian VII ,Frederick VI becomes king of Denmark. The next day (March 14 ), Denmark declareswar on Sweden .March 19 –Charles IV of Spain abdicates in favor of his son,Ferdinand VII .March 22 October 12 –Banco do Brasil , a majorfinancial group inSouth America , founded inRio de Janeiro ,Brazil .[ 13] November 8 –1808 United States presidential election :James Madison defeatsCharles C. Pinckney , winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose their electors by popular vote, the rest choose through state legislatures.George Clinton , who is separately elected as vice president, gets six electoral votes for president.[ 14] November 12 – Four large French frigates under the command ofJacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin , including theVenus , are sent to operate fromIsle de France (Mauritius) against British trade in theIndian Ocean , triggering theMauritius campaign of 1809–1811 .[ 15] November 15 –Mahmud II (1808–1839 ) succeedsMustafa IV (1807 –1808), assultan of theOttoman Empire .November 19 – A new truce at Olkijoki ends fighting in Finland, and Swedish troops concede that area to Russia.[ 16] November 23 –Battle of Tudela : FrenchMarshal Lannes defeats a Spanish army.December 1 –Tsar Alexander I of Russia proclaimsFinland a part of Russia.[ 17] December 5 –Napoleon joins his army in Spain.[ 18] December 9 – At 20:34 UTC,Mercury occults Saturn (there are no observation records).December 20 December 22 –Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808 :Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and plays piano in a marathonbenefit concert , at theTheater an der Wien inVienna , consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, includingSymphony No. 5 ,Symphony No. 6 ,Piano Concerto No. 4 andChoral Fantasy Carl Spitzweg Napoleon III Jefferson Davis January 6 –Joseph Pitty Couthouy , American naval officer and paleontologist (d.1864 )[ 21] January 13 –Salmon P. Chase , American politician,Chief Justice of the United States (d.1873 )[ 22] January 19 –Lysander Spooner , American philosopher (d.1887 )January 27 –David Strauss , German theologian (d.1874 )February 5 –Carl Spitzweg , German painter (d.1885 )February 26 –Honoré Daumier , French painter, illustrator and sculptor (d.1879 )March 1 –Edward "Ned" Kendall , American bandleader, instrumentalist (keyed bugle) (d.1861 )March 17 –Pierre-Louis Dietsch , French composer, conductor (d.1865 )March 19 –José María Urvina , 5th President of Ecuador (d.1891 )March 24 –Maria Malibran , née García, Spanish-French operatic singer (d.1836 )April 13 –Antonio Meucci , Italian-born inventor (d.1889 )April 20 –Napoleon III , Emperor of the French (d.1873 )[ 23] May 6 –William Strong , American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1895 )May 9 –John Scott Russell , Scottish civil engineer (d.1882 )May 18 –Venancio Flores , general, president ofUruguay (d.1868 )May 21 –David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo , Dutch Talmudist (d.1890 )May 22 –Gérard de Nerval , French writer (d.1855 )May 30 –Caroline Chisholm , Australian humanitarian (d.1877 )June 3 –Jefferson Davis ,President of the Confederate States (d.1889 )June 13 –Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta , French general and politician, first president of the Third Republic (1875–1879) (d.1893 )June 16 –James Frederick Ferrier , Scottishmetaphysical writer and philosopher (d.1864 )June 17 –Henrik Wergeland , Norwegian author (d.1845 )[ 24] June 20 –Samson Raphael Hirsch , German rabbi (d.1888 )Jesse W. Fell Andrew Johnson July 9 –Alexander William Doniphan , American lawyer, military leader (d.1887 )July 16 –Daniel Wells Jr. , American politician (d.1902 )September 7 –William Lindley , English sanitary engineer (d.1900 )September 9 –Wendela Hebbe , Swedish journalist (d.1899 )September 12 –August von Werder , Prussian general (d.1887 )September 15 –John Hutton Balfour , Scottish botanist (d.1884 )September 29 –Henry Bennett , American politician (d.1868 )October 6 – KingFrederick VII of Denmark (d.1863 )[ 25] October 20 –Karl Andree , German geographer (d.1875 )November 1 –John Taylor , American Mormon leader (d.1887 )November 2 –Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly , French writer (d.1889 )November 6 –Friedrich Julius Richelot , German mathematician (d.1875 )November 10 –Jesse W. Fell , American businessman and landowner (d.1887 )[ 26] November 29 –William F. Johnston , American politician (d.1872 )December 29 –Andrew Johnson , 17thPresident of the United States (d.1875 )[ 27] John Dickinson Christian VII of Denmark Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester September 3 –John Montgomery , American delegate to the Continental Congress (b.1722 )September 5 –John Home , Scottish writer (b.1722 )September 6 –Louis-Pierre Anquetil , French historian (b.1723 )September 13 –Saverio Bettinelli , Italian writer (b.1718 )September 17 –Benjamin Bourne , American politician (b.1755 )October 1 –Carl Gotthard Langhans , German architect (b.1732 )October 9 –John Claiborne , American politician (b. 1777)November 3 –Theophilus Lindsey , English theologian (b.1723 )November 10 –Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester , British soldier, governor of Quebec (b.1724 )November 17 –David Zeisberger , Moravian missionary (b.1721 )^ Joseph R. Conlin,The American Past: A Survey of American History (Cengage Learning, 2008) ^ Childs, Matt D. (2017). "Cuba, the Atlantic Crisis of the 1860s, and the Road to Abolition". In Doyle, Don H. (ed.).American Civil Wars: The United States, Latin America, Europe, and the Crisis of the 1860s .University of North Carolina Press . ^a b Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 242– 243.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ SJ, John W. O'Malley (November 16, 2009).A History of the Popes: From Peter to the Present ISBN 978-1-58051-229-9 ^ Lewis, Edward (February 6, 2022)."Look Back: Stone coal first burned for domestic use in 1808" .Times Leader . RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025 . ^ E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen, eds.The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Volume 2, 1520–1870 (Cambridge University Press, 2016) ^ Antigua and the Antiguans: A Full Account of the Colony and Its Inhabitants (1844, reprinted by Cambridge University Press, 2011) p136^ Chenoweth, M. (2001), Two major volcanic cooling episodes derived from global marine air temperature, AD 1807–1827, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(15), 2963–2966,doi :10.1029/2000GL012648 .https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSo7zWmE9f8 ^ "History of the Fortress" .The official website of Suomenlinna . RetrievedJuly 13, 2025 .^ Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa and Mary Virginia Orna,The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side (Oxford University Press, 2014) ^ Hornborg, Eirik (1955).När riket sprängdes: fälttågen i Finland och Västerbotten, 1808–1809 Stockholm : P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag. ^ Runeberg, Johan Ludvig (1907).A Selection from the Series of Poems Entitled Ensign Ståls Songs II– III....on account of the truce at Lohteå of the 29th Sept. ^ "Banco do Brasil | Company Overview & News" .Forbes . RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025 .^ Thomas Hudson McKee,The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties (Friedenwald, 1901) p18 ^ William James and Frederick Chamier,The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 5 (Macmillan and Company, 1902) p53 ^ Jón Stefánsson,Denmark and Sweden: With Iceland and Finland (T.F. Unwin, Ltd., 1916) p332 ^ Edward C. Thaden,Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710–1870 (Princeton University Press, 2014) p85 ^ James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard, eds.,Outlines of European History: From the opening of the eighteenth century to the present day (Ginn and Company, 1912) p214 ^ Shand, Alexander Innes (1898).The War in the Peninsula, 1808-1814 ^ "The beginning" .History of the Rijksmuseum . Rijksmuseum. RetrievedFebruary 2, 2018 .^ Washington, Biological Society of (1888).Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ^ Blue, Frederick J. (1987).Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics ISBN 978-0-87338-340-0 ^ "Napoleon III | Biography, Significance, Death, & Facts | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . January 5, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025 .^ Abrahamsen, Samuel (1968)."The Exclusion Clause of Jews in the Norwegian Constitution of May 17, 1814" .Jewish Social Studies .30 (2):67– 88.ISSN 0021-6704 .JSTOR 4466405 . ^ "Frederick VII | Reign of Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Holstein-Gottorp | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025 .^ Sarah M. Fell:Genealogy of the Fell family in America, descended from Joseph Fell, who settled in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1705 : With some account of the family remaining in England, &c. Sickler, Philadelphia, 1891, p. 139: Jesse W. Fell[1] ^ "Andrew Johnson | Biography, Presidency, Impeachment, & Facts | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . February 12, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2025 .
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