1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections

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All 142 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 72 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Joseph Bradley Varnum Charles Goldsborough Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Massachusetts 4th Maryland 8th Last election 114 seats 28 seats Seats won 116 26 Seat change 2 2
Results:      Federalist hold     Federalist gain      Democratic-Republican hold     Democratic-Republican gain      Dissident Republican hold     Dissident Republican Gain      Undistricted
Speaker before election Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican ElectedSpeaker Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican

The1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 29, 1806 (inNew York) and August 4, 1807 (inTennessee). Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before the first session of the10th United States Congress convened on October 26, 1807. They occurred duringThomas Jefferson's second term. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

TheDemocratic-Republicans continued to build on their hugesupermajority. They were actually able to take over two more seats than they had in the previous Congress, which they controlled by a margin of better than three to one. Commitment to agrarian policy allowed the Democratic-Republicans to dominate rural districts, which represented the bulk of the nation. On the other hand, supporters of theFederalists, even in their traditional base of support in the urban centers of coastalNew England, continued to lament the ineffectiveness of their party and its lack of electoral appeal.

With a net change of 2 seats between the two parties, this was the smallest net change in US history in the House of Representatives until2024.

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican		Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
New York	Districts	April 29 – May 1, 1806	17	15		2
Kentucky	Districts	August 4, 1806	6	6		0
North Carolina	Districts	August 15, 1806	12	11	1	1	1
New Hampshire	At-large	August 25, 1806	5	5	5	0	5
Rhode Island	At-large	August 26, 1806[a]	2	2		0
Vermont	Districts	September 2, 1806	4	2		2
Connecticut	At-large	September 15, 1806	7	0		7
Georgia	At-large	October 6, 1806	4	4		0
Maryland	Districts		9	6	1	3	1
Delaware	At-large	October 7, 1806	1	0		1
South Carolina	Districts	October 13–14, 1806	8	8		0
Ohio	At-large	October 14, 1806	1	1		0
Pennsylvania	Districts		18	15	2	3	2
New Jersey	At-large	October 14–15, 1806	6	6		0
Massachusetts	Districts	November 3, 1806	17	11	1	6	1
Late elections (After the March 4, 1807 beginning of the next Congress)
Virginia	Districts	April 1807	22	21		1
Tennessee	Districts	August 3–4, 1807	3	3		0
Total			142	116 81.7%	2	26 18.3%	2

There were special elections in 1806 and 1807 during the9th United States Congress and10th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by date then district.

Connecticut elected its members on September 15, 1806.

Delaware elected its member October 7, 1806.

Georgia elected its members October 6, 1806.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky elected its members August 4, 1806.

Maryland elected its members October 6, 1806.

Massachusetts elected its members November 3, 1806.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire elected its members August 25, 1806.

New Jersey elected its members October 14–15, 1806. The Federalists ran a mixed ticket consisting of 2 Federalists (Aaron Ogden and John Beatty) and 4 Democratic-Republicans (William Helms, Ebenezer Elmer, George Maxwell, and Adam Boyd), one of whom (William Helms) was also on the Democratic-Republican ticket. The Federalists capitalized on resentment over the replacement on the official Democratic-Republican ticket of Ebenezer Elmer, from South Jersey, with Thomas Newbold fromMonmouth County and the retention of James Sloan. This ticket was formed too late to gain sufficient support, but the Federalists did do much better in state elections that year than they had in previous elections.^[10]

New York elected representatives to the 10th Congress on April 29 – May 1, 1806. This was the second and last election in which Districts 2 and 3 were elected on a joint ticket. New York redistricted in the next election.

North Carolina elected its members August 15, 1806.

Ohio elected its member October 14, 1806. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but from election articles published in The Scioto Gazette it was suggested that James Pritchard was the candidate of the OhioQuids and that in a few counties, notably Columbiana and Jefferson, he was also supported by theFederalists.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1806.

Rhode Island elected its members August 26, 1806. Rhode Island law required a majority of votes to win. In this election, only one candidate won a majority on the first ballot, and so a run-off election was required to choose the second seat.

South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1806.

Tennessee elected its members August 3–4, 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.

Vermont elected its members September 2, 1806.

Virginia elected its members in April 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	John G. Jackson	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn G. Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 58.9% ▌Noah Linsley (Federalist) 41.1%
Virginia 2	John Morrow	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 3	John Smith	Democratic-Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Smith (Democratic-Republican)[b] ▌James Singleton (Unknown)
Virginia 4	David Holmes	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDavid Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 5	Alexander Wilson	Democratic-Republican	1804(special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAlexander Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 57.0% ▌Oliver Towles (Democratic-Republican) 23.4% ▌Robert Bailey (D-R Quid) 19.3%
Virginia 6	Abram Trigg	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAbram Trigg (Democratic-Republican)[b] ▌Daniel Sheffey (D-R Quid)
Virginia 7	Joseph Lewis Jr.	Federalist	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJoseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist) 55.2% ▌John Littlejohn (Democratic-Republican) 44.8%
Virginia 8	Walter Jones	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YWalter Jones (Democratic-Republican) 86.7% ▌Richard Barnes (Federalist) 13.3%
Virginia 9	Philip R. Thompson	Democratic-Republican	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌YJohn Love (Democratic-Republican) 60.5% ▌Philip R. Thompson (Democratic-Republican) 39.5%
Virginia 10	John Dawson	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Dawson (Democratic-Republican) 60.0% ▌John Mercer (Democratic-Republican) 40.0%
Virginia 11	James M. Garnett	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJames M. Garnett (Democratic-Republican) 63.2% ▌Larkin Smith (Democratic-Republican) 36.8%
Virginia 12	Burwell Bassett	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YBurwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 13	William A. Burwell	Democratic-Republican	1806(special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YWilliam A. Burwell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 14	Matthew Clay	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMatthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) 99.5%
Virginia 15	John Randolph	D-R Quid	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Randolph (D-R Quid) 100%
Virginia 16	John W. Eppes	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn W. Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 17	John Claiborne	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 18	Peterson Goodwyn	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YPeterson Goodwyn (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 19	Edwin Gray	D-R Quid	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YEdwin Gray (D-R Quid) 100%
Virginia 20	Thomas Newton Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YThomas Newton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 21	Thomas M. Randolph	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌YWilson C. Nicholas (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 22	John Clopton	Democratic-Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Clopton (Democratic-Republican) 52.4% ▌Peyton Randolph (D-R Quid) 47.8%

As in the previous congress, there were three territories withnon-voting delegates in the 10th Congress. In Indiana Territory, the legislature elected the delegate. The source used did not have information about Mississippi or Orleans Territory. Mississippi used popular election in 1808, while Orleans Territory elected its delegate by the legislature in 1808, suggesting Orleans probably used legislative election this year, too.

• 1806 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
  • 1806–07 United States Senate elections
• 9th United States Congress
• 10th United States Congress

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived fromthe original on January 29, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company.ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company.ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2015.
• Mapping Early American Elections project team (2019)."Mapping Early American Elections". Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2024.

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

• 1806 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1807 United States House of Representatives elections

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