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11 of the 34 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Federalist hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.
TheDemocratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.
Senate party division,10th Congress (1807–1809)
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Retired | DR26 N.C. Retired | DR25 Ohio Unknown | DR24 Vt. Ran | DR23 S.C. Ran | DR22 N.Y. Ran | DR21 Md. Ran | DR20 Ky. Ran | DR19 Ga. Ran | |
| F7 N.H. Retired | F6 Conn. Ran | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Hold | DR26 Ohio Hold | DR25 N.C. Hold | DR24 Md. Hold | DR23 Ky. Hold | DR22 Vt. Re-elected | DR21 S.C. Re-elected | DR20 N.Y. Re-elected | DR19 #Georgia | |
| DR28 N.H. Gain | F6 Conn. Re-elected | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
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Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Georgia (Class 3) | James Jackson | Democratic- Republican | 1793 1795(resigned) 1800 | Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senatorelected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Kentucky (Class 3) | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805(special) | Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election; see below. New senatorelected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Maryland (Class 3) | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801(special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to becomeGovernor of Maryland. New senatorelected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
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In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.
All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796(special) 1801 | Incumbentre-elected in 1807. |
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| Georgia | John Milledge | Democratic- Republican | 1806(special) | Incumbentre-elected in 1806. |
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| Kentucky | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805(special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent immediately resigned and a new senator was elected to finish the term; see above. |
|
| Maryland | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801(special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to becomeGovernor of Maryland. New senatorelected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
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| New Hampshire | William Plumer | Federalist | 1802(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804(special) | Incumbentre-elected February 3, 1807. |
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| North Carolina | David Stone | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired to return to theState Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807). New senatorelected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Ohio | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senatorelected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Pennsylvania | George Logan | Democratic- Republican | 1801(appointed) 1801(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804(special) | Incumbentre-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot. |
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| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795(lost) 1801(special) | Incumbentre-elected in 1806. |
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In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Vermont (Class 1) | Israel Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1802 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senatorelected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Connecticut (Class 3) | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796(special) 1801 1807 | Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term,[c] but declined the election.[11] New senatorelected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| Rhode Island (Class 2) | James Fenner | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbent resigned September 1807 to becomeGovernor of Rhode Island. New senatorelected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Georgia (Class 2) | George Jones | Democratic- Republican | 1807(appointed) | PredecessorAbraham Baldwin (DR) died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senatorelected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Democratic-RepublicanAbraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-RepublicanGeorge Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-RepublicanWilliam H. Crawford.
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Democratic-RepublicanJames Jackson, who had servedsince 1793 died March 19, 1806.
Democratic-RepublicanJohn Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.
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Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term ofRobert Wright who resigned to becomeGovernor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.
Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[15]
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