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11 of the 32 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Federalist hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1802–03 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1802 and 1803, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 1.
TheDemocratic-Republican Party maintained and greatly expanded their majority of seats to over two-thirds of the Senate.
Accounting for the 1802 special elections inNew York,Rhode Island, andSouth Carolina.
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 S.C. (sp) Hold | DR1 N.Y. (sp) Hold | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Va. (reg) Ran |
| Majority → | DR17 Tenn. Unknown | ||||||||
| F7 Conn. Ran | F8 Del. Ran | F9 Md. Ran | F10 N.J. (reg) Ran | F11 N.Y. (reg) Ran | F12 Vt. Ran | F13 R.I. Retired | F14 Pa. Retired | F15 Mass. Retired | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 R.I. (sp) Hold | ||||
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Md. Re-elected |
| Majority → | DR17 N.Y. (reg) Gain | ||||||||
| F7 Conn. Re-elected | F8 Del. Re-elected | F9 Mass. Hold | V1 N.J. (reg) Fed loss | V2 Tenn. DR loss | DR21 Va. (reg) Gain | DR20 Vt. Gain | DR19 R.I. Gain | DR18 Pa. Gain | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| F8 | F9 | DR25 Ohio New state | DR24 Ohio New state | DR23 N.J. (reg) Appointee elected | DR22 Tenn. Re-elected | DR21 | DR20 | DR19 | |
| F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
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Unless noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1803; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 3) | John Armstrong Jr. | Democratic- Republican | 1800(special) | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802. Winnerelected February 11, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| New Hampshire (Class 3) | James Sheafe | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent resigned June 14, 1802. Winnerelected June 17, 1802. Federalist hold. |
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| South Carolina (Class 3) | John E. Colhoun | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent died October 26, 1802. Winnerelected November 4, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1803; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbentre-elected October 27, 1802. |
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| Delaware | Samuel White | Federalist | 1801(appointed) | Incumbentre-elected January 11, 1803. |
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| Maryland | John E. Howard | Federalist | 1796(special) 1796 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected November 17, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Massachusetts | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1800(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected February 7, 1803, on the fourth ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| New Jersey | Aaron Ogden | Federalist | 1801(special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. |
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| New York | Gouverneur Morris | Federalist | 1800(special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected February 1, 1803, on the 2nd ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Pennsylvania | James Ross | Federalist | 1794(special) 1797 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected December 14, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Rhode Island | Theodore Foster | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican | 1799(special) | Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began; see below. Democratic-Republican loss. | None. |
| Vermont | Nathaniel Chipman | Federalist | 1797(special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Virginia | Stevens Mason | Democratic- Republican | 1794(special) 1796 | Incumbentre-elected in 1803. |
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In this special election, the winner was seated in 1803 after March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 2) | Dwight Foster | Federalist | 1800(special) | Incumbent resigned March 2, 1803. Winnerelected March 2, 1803, on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| Ohio (Class 1) | None (new state) | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winnerelected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Ohio (Class 3) | None (new state) | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winnerelected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessorre-elected late September 22, 1803 on the 4th ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| New Jersey (Class 1) | John Condit | Democratic- Republican | 1803(appointed) | Legislature failed to elect. Condit was appointed September 1, 1803, to continue the term. He was thenelected November 3, 1803. |
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| Virginia (Class 1) | John Taylor | Democratic- Republican | 1792(special) 1793 | PredecessorStevens T. Mason (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term. Winnerelected December 7, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee | William Cocke | Democratic- Republican | 1799(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected early September 23, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Federalist incumbent James Hillhouse (originally elected in 1796) was re-elected.
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Samuel Smith won election overJohn Eager Howard by a margin of 21.05%, or 16 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[19]
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There were two elections to the class 1 seat.
TheNew Jersey legislature failed to elect by the March 4, 1803, beginning of the term.
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The governor appointed Democratic-RepublicanJohn Condit September 1, 1803, to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803, to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.[20]
Democratic-RepublicanJohn Armstrong Jr., who had held the class 3 seat since 1801, resigned February 5, 1802, and Democratic-RepublicanDeWitt Clinton was elected February 23, 1802, to finish the term. Clinton, however, resigned November 4, 1803, and Armstrong was appointed December 8, 1803, to his old seat.
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FederalistGouverneur Morris lost re-election to the class 1 seat to Democratic-RepublicanTheodorus Bailey in 1803.
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Ohio joined the Union in 1803. New Democratic-Republican senators were elected April 1, 1803. Official records indicate thatJohn Smith andThomas Worthington were elected, and that Smith received the "long" term, while Worthington received the "short" one. They do not indicate if there were other candidates, or what the vote totals were.[21]
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Federalist SenatorNathaniel Chipman lost re-election to Democratic-RepublicanIsrael Smith. Smith received 102 votes in theVermont House of Representatives and 9 from theGovernor andCouncil.[12] Spencer received 75 votes from the House and 4 from the Governor and Council.[12]
There were two elections to the same seat as the newly-re-elected senator died at the beginning of the next term.
Two-term Democratic-RepublicanStevens Mason was re-elected in 1803.
Mason died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Democratic-RepublicanJohn Taylor was appointed but chose not to run to finish the term. Democratic-RepublicanAbraham B. Venable was elected December 7, 1803, as the unanimous choice of theVirginia General Assembly. No vote totals were recorded.[17]
Mr. Taylor having declined to serve longer, Abraham B. Venable, esq., was on Wednesday last unanimously elected by the General Assembly in the room of Mr. Taylor.
