1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections

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All 106 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 54 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Nathaniel Macon[1] Theodore Sedgwick Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat North Carolina 5th Massachusetts 1st Last election 46 seats 60 seats Seats won 68 38 Seat change 22 22
Results:      Federalist hold     Federalist gain      Democratic-Republican hold     Democratic-Republican gain      Undistricted territory
Speaker before election Theodore Sedgwick Federalist Elected Speaker Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican

The1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 29, 1800, and August 1, 1801. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before the first session of the7th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1801. They were held at the same time as the1800 presidential election, in whichVice PresidentThomas Jefferson, aDemocratic Republican, defeated incumbentPresidentJohn Adams, aFederalist. Elections were held for all 106 seats, representing 15 states.

These elections resulted in the Democratic-Republicans picking up 22 seats from the Federalists. This brought the Democratic-Republicans a solid majority of 68 seats, whereas the Federalists were only able to secure 38. Manystate legislatures also changed to Democratic-Republican control, with the result that many new Democratic-Republicans were voted into theSenate. The Federalists never again succeeded in gaining a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, and the national Federalist Party disintegrated completely in the early 1820s.^[2]

The victory of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans can be attributed partially to unpopular policies pursued by theAdams administration, including theAlien and Sedition Acts, which sought to curtail guarantees offreedom of speech andfreedom of the press spelled out in theBill of Rights.

The difference between Federalist policies in support of a strong national government and the Democratic-Republican preference for states' rights played a prominent role in the election. Federaltaxation became an issue asSoutherners andWesterners rejectedfederal taxes levied on property.^{[citation needed]}

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican		Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
New York	Districts	April 29 – May 1, 1800	10	6		4
North Carolina	Districts	August 15, 1800	10	6		4
New Hampshire	At-large	August 25, 1800	4	0		4
Rhode Island	At-large	August 26, 1800[a]	2	2	2	0	2
Vermont	Districts	September 2, 1800[b]	2	1		1
Connecticut	At-large	September 22, 1800	7	0		7
Georgia	At-large	October 6, 1800	2	2	2	0	2
Delaware	At-large	October 7, 1800	1	0		1
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 14, 1800	13	10	2	3	2
South Carolina	Districts	October 24, 1800	6	3	2	3	2
Massachusetts	Districts	November 3, 1800[c]	14	7	5	7	5
New Jersey	At-large	December 24, 1800	5	5	2	0	2
Maryland	Districts	January 1, 1801	8	5	2	3	2
Late elections(After the March 4, 1801 beginning of the next Congress)
Virginia	Districts	April 23, 1801	19	18	5	1	5
Kentucky	Districts	August 3, 1801	2	2		0
Tennessee	At-large	August 4, 1801	1	1		0
Total			106	68 64.2%	22	38 35.8%	22

There were special elections in 1800 and 1801 during the6th United States Congress and7th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by date then district.

Note: Between the two sources used, there is disagreement over the ordering of the candidates. Both sources have the same numbers of votes recorded, but disagree on which candidates received those votes, one source lists Goddard as 8th, Talmadge as 9th, etc., as listed here, while the other has them as 11th, 12th, etc., three places off for all of them until the bottom three listed here which are moved up to 8th-10th, suggesting that one of the two sources accidentally misplaced three names on the list. They are ordered here as Goddard and Talmadge in 8th and 9th place as it is more likely that they'd been at the top of the runners-up given that they were subsequently elected to fill vacancies in the 7th Congress.

Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in the 1st and 6th districts, necessitating a second trial.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

In 1800, New Jersey returned to its traditional at-large district, continued to use this system to select representatives until it was abolished in 1842, with a single exception in1813.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Rhode Island switched to a general ticket for its two seats, instead of electing each one separately. Only one candidate received a majority in the 1800 election, requiring an 1801 run-off election to choose a Representative for the second seat.

Claiborne did not serve in the 7th Congress as he was appointed Governor ofMississippi Territory and was replaced in a special election byWilliam Dickson (Democratic-Republican)

Vermont law required a candidate to win a majority to take office, necessitating a run-off election in the 2nd (Eastern) district.

• 1800 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
  • 1800–01 United States Senate elections
  • 1800 United States presidential election
• 6th United States Congress
• 7th United States Congress

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived fromthe original on January 29, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company.ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company.ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2015.
• Mapping Early American Elections project team (2019)."Mapping Early American Elections". Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2024.

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

• 1800 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1801 United States House of Representatives elections

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