1776 Returns is the title of a document that outlined strategic plans for the takeover of US government buildings on January 6, 2021. It was circulated among theProud Boys organization.[1] The nine-page document was sent toEnrique Tarrio, chairman of the Proud Boys, one week before theJanuary 6 United States Capitol attack, by aMiami-basedcryptocurrency promoter named Eryka Gemma Flores, who was romantically linked to Tarrio.[2][3][4][5]
The document is nine pages long; it is undated and did not identify a specific author.[6] The document laid out a plan for the storming and occupation of eight key buildings (designated as "Targeted Buildings") in theDistrict of Columbia on January 6, 2021.[6][7] The target locations were theRussell,Dirksen, andHart Senate office buildings; theU.S. Supreme Court Building; theCannon,Longworth, andRayburn House office buildings; and the CNN's D.C. office building.[6][1] The Capitol itself, which was the ultimate target of the January 6 insurrection, is not specifically included on the list of targeted buildings,[6][1] but the document uses the phase "Storm the Winter Palace" as an apparent reference to the Capitol,[6] and the plan outlined by the document contains similarities to the actual attack on the Capitol on January 6.[1]
1776 Returns recommended that groups of at least 50 storm and occupy each buildings,[6] with a goal to fill buildings "with patriots and communicate our demands".[8] It set forth a five-stage strategy included a call for the mobilization of followers and seizure of government buildings: "infiltrate"; "execution"; "distract"; "occupy"; and "sit-in".[1] It suggested slogans to chant (such as "No Trump, No America")[1] and suggested that protesters should initially blend in to appear "unsuspecting" and to "not look tactical".[2] The document directed that the team responsible for assaulting each building should be led by a "lead"; a "second"; and a "hype man".[8]
A section titled the "Patriot Plan" was intended for public distribution, calling on people to gather at 1 p.m. on January 6 and await a signal to attack,[1] with a demand to nullify the elections results and have the military hold a new election.[8]
The author of1776 Returns has not been confirmed.[5] However, Flores sent the document to Tarrio a week before the January 6 attacks.[9] After the attack, Flores agreed to an informal, untranscribed appearance in early 2022 withHouse Select Committee on the January 6 Attack investigators, in which she named Samuel Armes as the author of the document.[5] Armes, like Flores, is acryptocurrency advocate.[5] January 6 Committee investigators interviewed Armes in July 2022.[5] He denied drafting the "1776 Returns" document[10] and claimed that Flores was "blame-shifting" by attributing authorship to him.[5] However, Flores acknowledged that in summer 2020, he drafted a "war gaming" plan and then shared it with Flores byGoogle Drive.[5] Armes told investigators that the document was between three and five pages and explored "a scenario where a certain president doesn't leave the White House or there is just mad chaos in the streets because no one knows who's in charge".[10] He indicated that he indirectly provided inspiration for the nine-page "1776 Returns" document; in the interview with investigators, he distinguished between "aspects that he said he had written from components he said he did not".[10] He said that he "never imagined that" what he had written would ultimately be "turned into" an operational plan to attack federal buildings.[10] In the interview, Armes said he had a slight acquaintance with Tarrio through their mutual friendship with Flores.[10]
Prosecutors latersubpoenaed Flores to testify before afederal grand jury investigating Tarrio and the Proud Boys' role in the attacks; she refused to testify, invoking herFifth Amendmentright against self-incrimination.[5]
In all, more than 30 Proud Boys were charged with crimes in connection with the January 6 attack.[1] The "1776 Returns" document was one of many pieces of evidence in the trial of Tarrio and four lieutenants:Ethan Nordean,Joe Biggs, Zachary Rehl andDominic Pezzola.[10] It was cited in the indictment of defendants and in court filings.[10][6] The existence of the document was first reported in March 2022 in theNew York Times, and the full document became public in June 2022, when Rehl's attorneys submitted it as an exhibit to a motion asking for pretrial release.[6] In May 2023, following a lengthy trial, a jury convicted Tarrio, Nordean, Biggs, and Rehl guilty ofseditious conspiracy, among other crimes; Pezzola was acquitted of seditious conspiracy but convicted of other felonies.[11] During the trial, the prosecutors introduced text message correspondence between Flores and Tarrio, in which Flores touted her 1776 Returns document and wrote, "If you don't like my plan, let me know. I will pitch elsewhere. But I want you to be the executor and benefactor of my brilliance."[5] During his trial, Tarrio declined to testify in his own defense.[12] Outside court, however, Tarrio claimed he never opened or used the1776 Returns document,[9] but records showed that Tarrio used the phrase "the Winter Palace" in discussions with his associate before and after January 6,[5][9] and Tarrio did Google searches for "The Winter Palace" during that time.[9]
'If you don't like my plan, let me know. I will pitch elsewhere,' Flores texted Tarrio, according to evidence shown in the trial ... Flores, who has not been charged in the case, was described by one witness as a former girlfriend of Tarrio's.