Decade
From top left, clockwise: Englishmen and sailorJames Cook concludes his inaugural and embarks on his second voyage, leaving a trail of significant milestones along its way such as the discovery ofNew Caledonia ,Australia ,Tahiti , theAntarctic Circle , and becoming the first humans to witnessAntarctic waters as pictured; TheUnited States Declaration of Independence was unanimously signed and adopted by theSecond Continental Congress , announcing the colonies' intention to separate fromGreat Britain ;Company rule in India establishes governance over India for the first time atCalcutta , giving way forBritish colonialism over theIndian subcontinent , and eventuallyWestern imperialism in Asia ;Nitrogen gas was isolated from air by Scottish scientistDaniel Rutherford ;Amazing Grace was sung for the first time as a hymn inBuckinghamshire ,England at 1773; ChemistCarl Wilhelm Scheele made several breakthroughs inchemistry by discovering five chemical elements, namelyoxygen (1771),barium (1772),chlorine (1774),manganese (1774), andmolybdenum (1778); TheBoston Tea Party protest precipitates anti-British sentiment in theThirteen Colonies , and subsequently theAmerican Revolutionary War ; ARusso-Turkish War lead to now-Russia 's first occupation ofCrimea ; initiating Russia's influence over Crimea that has since persisted today. The1770s (pronounced "seventeen-seventies") was adecade of theGregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1770, and ended on December 31, 1779. A period full of discoveries, breakthroughs happened in all walks of life, as what emerged at this period brought life to most innovations we know today.
From nations such as theUnited States , birthed through hardships such as theAmerican Revolutionary War and altercations akin to theBoston Tea Party , spheres of influence such as theRussian Empire 's sphere from its victoriousCrimean claims at theRusso-Turkish War , theIndustrial Revolution , andpopulism , their influence remains omnipresent to this day.
New lands south of theEquator were discovered and settled by Europeans likeJames Cook , expanding the horizons of aNew World to new reaches such asAustralia andFrench Polynesia . Deepened philosophical studies led to the publication of works such asAdam Smith 's "The Wealth of Nations neoliberal world order . Studies onchemistry andpolitics deepen to forge theAge of Reason for centuries to come.
Events
1770 January 1 – The foundation ofFort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the formerDongri Fort .[citation needed February 1 –Thomas Jefferson 's home atShadwell, Virginia is destroyed by fire, along with most of his books.[ 1] February 14 – Scottish explorerJames Bruce arrives atGondar , capital ofAbyssinia (modern-dayEthiopia ) and is received by the EmperorTekle Haymanot II and RasMikael Sehul .[ 2] February 22 –Christopher Seider , an 11-year-old boy inBoston in the BritishProvince of Massachusetts Bay , is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.[ 3] March 5 –Boston Massacre : Eleven American men are shot (five fatally) by British troops, in an event that helps start theAmerican Revolutionary War five years later.March 21 – KingPrithvi Narayan Shah shifts to the newly constructedBasantapur Palace , in the capital Kathmandu, as the first King of the Unified Kingdom of Nepal.March 26 –First voyage of James Cook : English explorer CaptainJames Cook and his crew aboardHMS Endeavour complete the circumnavigation ofNew Zealand .April 12 – TheTownshend Acts are repealed by Britain's Parliament by the efforts of Prime MinisterFrederick North , with the exception of the increased duties on imported tea. The American colonists, in turn, stop their embargo on British imports.[ 4] April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log)[ 5] James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of theAustralian continent. Land is sighted atPoint Hicks , and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.April 20 –Battle of Aspindza :Georgian kingErekle II defeats theOttoman forces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian GeneralTotleben .April 29 –First voyage of James Cook : Captain Cook drops anchor onHMS Endeavour in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city ofSydney , Australia. Because the youngbotanist on board the ship,Joseph Banks , discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the placeBotany Bay onMay 7 .May 16 – 14-year-oldMarie Antoinette of Austria marries Louis-Auguste (who in 1774 becomes KingLouis XVI ) at thePalace of Versailles .May 20 – A stampede at a celebration of the newly wedded Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste in Paris kills more than a hundred people.[ 6] June 3 June 9 –Falklands Crisis (1770) : Some 1,600Spanish marines, sent by the Spanish governor ofBuenos Aires in five frigates, seizePort Egmont in theFalkland Islands . The small British force present promptly surrenders.[ 7] June 11 –First voyage of James Cook :HMS Endeavour grounds on theGreat Barrier Reef .July 1 –Lexell's Comet (D/1770 L1) passes theEarth at a distance of 2,184,129 kilometres (1,357,155 mi), the closest approach by acomet in recorded history.[ 8] July 5 –Battle of Chesma andBattle of Larga : TheRussian Empire defeats theOttoman Empire in both battles. When the news of the defeat reaches the Ottoman city of Smyrna (July 8 ), the crowd attacks theGreek community of the city (perceived as favourable to the Russian cause) and kills an estimated 200 Greeks and three Western Europeans (although some reports estimate the number of victims at 3,000 or even 5,000 including "3 or 4 thousands who die due to the fright").[ 9] [ 10] August 1 (July 21O.S. ) –Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) –Battle of Kagul : Russian commanderPyotr Rumyantsev routs 150,000 Turks.August 22 (August 23 by Cook's log) –First voyage of James Cook : Captain Cook determines thatNew Holland (Australia) is not contiguous withNew Guinea , and claims the whole of its eastern coast for Great Britain, later naming it allNew South Wales .c. September –Johann Gottfried Herder meetsJohann Wolfgang von Goethe inStrasbourg . September 24 – InHillsborough, North Carolina , theRegulator Movement riots against local authorities.[ 11]
1771 July 12 – Thefirst voyage of James Cook around the world ends asHMS Endeavour returns to England after almost three years.July 13 –Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) : Russian forces occupy theCrimea ,[ 20] July 17 –Bloody Falls massacre :Chipewyan chiefMatonabbee , traveling as the guide toSamuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspectingInuit .August 8 – The first recorded town cricket match is played, atHorsham , England.[ 21] September 8 – InCalifornia , Fathers Pedro Cambon and Angel Somera foundMission Vieja , later called,Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , in what becomesSan Gabriel, California .September 15 –17 – TheMoscow plague riot results from an outbreak ofbubonic plague , which kills 57,000.The territory ofBaden-Baden is inherited byCharles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach ,reunifying the territories of Baden . The trade monopoly withIceland is transferred to the Danish crown. The North Carolina General Assembly passes an act establishing the town ofMartinsborough , named for Royal GovernorJosiah Martin , on the land of Richard Evans, which will serve as theseat ofPitt County . Construction of thePutuo Zongcheng Temple complex inChengde , China is completed during the reign of theQianlong Emperor . Limoges porcelain manufacture is established in France.Slovene literature :István Küzmics , theHungarian Slovene writer andevangelical pastor, publishes (inHalle ) theNouvi Zákon New Testament into thePrekmurje Slovene language, with discreteSouth Slavic artwork.
1772 , makes a triumphant return toDelhi 15 years after having been forced to flee.[ 24]
April 8 –Massachusetts legislatorSamuel Adams persuades his colleagues to approve his plan for creating a Committee of Correspondence to begin a dialogue with the other American colonies concerning mutual problems with England.[ 28] [ 29] April 13 –Warren Hastings begins his service for theBritish East India Company asGovernor of Bengal , arriving at the company's headquarters atFort William , outside ofCalcutta , and including what are now parts of northeastIndia andBangladesh .[ 30] May 8 – TheWatauga Association Compact is signed in what is now EastTennessee by a group of white settlers led by William Bean, creating the first non-colonial government body in British North America.[ 31] June 9 –Gaspee AffairNavigation Acts ,American patriots , led byAbraham Whipple , attack and burn the British customsschooner HMSGaspee off ofRhode Island .June 10 – Thecrisis of 1772 is triggered when, following the flight of their partnerAlexander Fordyce to France, the London banking house ofNeal, James, Fordyce and Down (which has been speculating inEast India Company stock) suspends payment. The resultant panic causes other banks to fail, extends to Scotland, Amsterdam and theThirteen Colonies and threatens the East India Company withbankruptcy .June 22 –Somersett's Case :Lord Mansfield , theLord Chief Justice of England and Wales , delivers the decision that leads to the end ofslavery in England.[ 32] June 23 –28 –Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) : First of twoRussian occupations of Beirut , following a naval bombardment which began on June 18.[ 33]
1773 January 1 – The hymn that becomes known asAmazing Grace John Newton in the town ofOlney, Buckinghamshire , England.January 12 – The first museum in the American colonies is established inCharleston, South Carolina ; in 1915, it is formally incorporated as theCharleston Museum .[ 41] January 17 –Second voyage of James Cook :Captain Cook inHMS Resolution (1771) becomes the first European explorer to cross theAntarctic Circle .[ 42] January 18 – The first opera performance in theSwedish language ,Thetis and Phelée , performed byCarl Stenborg andElisabeth Olin inBollhuset inStockholm ,Sweden , marks the establishment of theRoyal Swedish Opera .February 8 – The Grand Council of Poland meets in Warsaw, summoned by a circular letter from KingStanisław August Poniatowski to respond to the Kingdom's threatened partition between three foreign powers.[ 43] February 27 – The construction ofChrist Church (Alexandria, Virginia) , known for being the house of worship forGeorge Washington and the visiting site for subsequent U.S. presidents, is completed.[ 41] March 9 –19 –Second voyage of James Cook :Tobias Furneaux inHMS Adventure (1771) explores the coast ofVan Diemen's Land .[ 44] March 15 – The popular (and enduring) comedyShe Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith , is performed for the first time, premiering at London'sCovent Garden Theatre .[ 45] October 10 October 12 – America's firstinsane asylum opens forPersons of Insane and Disordered Minds inWilliamsburg, Virginia .October 13 –French astronomer Charles Messier discovers theWhirlpool Galaxy interacting ,grand design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 31 millionlight-years , in theconstellation Canes Venatici October 14 – TheKomisja Edukacji Narodowej (Polish forCommission for the Education of the People ), formed in thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , is considered to be the world's first ministry of education.November 10 – Four ships – theDartmouth , theEleanor , theBeaver and theWilliam – depart Britain for America, carrying the first Indian tea to be subject to the newly enacted taxes. TheWilliam is lost in a storm; theDartmouth is the first ship to reachBoston , docking onNovember 28 .[ 49] December 16 –Boston Tea Party : A group of Americancolonists , dressed as Mohawk Indians, steal aboard ships of theEast India Company and dump their cargo of tea intoBoston Harbor , in protest against British tax policies.[ 46] December 23 –Moscow State Academy of Choreography was founded[ 50] Catherine II . It is the second ballet school in Russia afterVaganova Academy of Russian Ballet .Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) : Russian forces fail to takeSilistria .Emelian Pugachev startsPugachev's Rebellion inRussia , attacking and occupyingSamara .John Harrison wins theLongitude prize , for his invention of themarine chronometer .[ 51] Hilaire Rouelle discoversurea .Istanbul Technical University is established (under the name ofRoyal School of Naval Engineering ) as the world's first comprehensive institution of higher learning dedicated to engineering education.Marsala wine first shipped to England.[ 52] InChina , written work begins on theComplete Library of the Four Treasuries Yongle Encyclopedia of the 15th Century). Upon completion in1782 , the books are bound in 36,381 volumes (册) with more than 79,000 chapters (卷), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 millionChinese characters . Scottish judgeJames Burnett, Lord Monboddo , begins publication ofOf the Origin and Progress of Language , a contribution toevolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment .Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publishes the last fivecantos of hisepic poem Der Messias inHamburg .
1774 January 21 –Mustafa III ,Sultan of theOttoman Empire , dies and is succeeded by his brotherAbdul Hamid I .[ 53] January 27 February 3 – ThePrivy Council of Great Britain , as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder.[ 55] February 6 – TheParlement of Paris votes a sentence of civil degradation, deprivingPierre Beaumarchais of all rights and duties of citizenship.[ 56] February 7 – The volunteer fire company ofTrenton, New Jersey , predecessor to the paid Trenton Fire Department created in 1892, is founded. In 1905, at 131 years, it claims to be the oldest continuously serving department in the U.S.[ 57] February 24 – TheProvince of Massachusetts Bay House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief JusticePeter Oliver , but Provincial GovernorThomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed.[ 58] March 10 – TheBoston Journal makes the first reference to the "Stars and Stripes " flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies."[ 59] March 31 –Intolerable Acts : TheBritish Parliament passes theBoston Port Act , closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for theBoston Tea Party .[ 59] April 17 – The first avowedlyUnitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London byTheophilus Lindsey .April 19 – The premiere ofIphigénie en Aulide Christoph Willibald Gluck sparks a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since theQuerelle des Bouffons .May 10 –Louis XVI becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather,Louis XV .[ 60] May 17 – The colony ofRhode Island and Providence Plantations issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as theContinental Congress .[ 59] May 19 –Shakers Ann Lee and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England forcolonial America .June 2 –Intolerable Acts : A newQuartering Act , requiringAmerican colonists to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed.[ 59] June 16 –17 – English explorerJames Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name)Palmerston Island in the South Pacific Ocean.June 20 (June 9O.S. ) –Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) :Battle of Kozludzha – TheImperial Russian Army , led byAlexander Suvorov , routs numerically superiorOttoman Empire forces.June 22 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes theQuebec Act , setting out rules of governance for the colony ofQuebec in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as theOhio River and west to theMississippi River , in the area now occupied by the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio[ 59] July 21 –Russia and theOttoman Empire sign theTreaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Russian victory, endingsix years of war . The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects.August 1 – The elementoxygen is discovered for the third time (the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work ofCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1771–72) byJoseph Priestley , who publishes the fact in1775 , and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first).August 6 –Ann Lee and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York.[ 59] September 1 –Powder Alarm :Thomas Gage , royal governor of theProvince of Massachusetts Bay , orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from amagazine , causingPatriots to prepare for war.September 4 – English explorerJames Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island ofNew Caledonia inMelanesia .September 5 – TheFirst Continental Congress assembles inPhiladelphia .[ 59] September 15 –Yemelyan Pugachev , leader ofPugachev's Rebellion against Russia by theYaik Cossacks , is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (nowOral, Kazakhstan ).[ 61] September 21 –George Mason andGeorge Washington found theFairfax County Militia Association, a military unit independent of British control.September 29 –Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's semi-autobiographicalepistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther Die Leiden des jungen Werthers ) (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in theSturm und Drang Romanticism .October 10 October 14 – TheContinental Congress in America adopts theDeclaration of Rights and Resolves , with 10 principles.[ 59] October 20 – TheFirst Continental Congress passes theContinental Association , a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies are also halted, on the Congress's recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments."[ 59] October 21 – The wordLiberty is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists inTaunton, Massachusetts , in defiance of British rule inColonial America .October 25 – TheEdenton Tea Party takes place inNorth Carolina , marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause.October 26 – The firstContinental Congress adjourns inPhiladelphia .November 4 – TheMaryland Jockey Club follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution.[ 62] November 10 –1774 British general election : Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, andLord North retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats.Henry Seymour Conway 's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats.November 15 – The government of theRepublic of Venice allows adventurer and ladies' manGiacomo Casanova to return home after a 17-year absence.[ 63] November 20 –Daniel Boone retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement inKentucky .[ 64] November 25 –Salawat Yulayev , the leader of theBashkirs rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection.[ 65] November 26 – English chemistJoseph Priestley becomes the first person to discover and identifysulfur dioxide .[ 66] November 27 – Spanish Navy CaptainDomingo de Bonechea arrives atTahiti in the shipAguila and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith.[ 67] November 30 Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by KingGeorge III andPrime Minister North .[ 68] Thomas Paine , a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence.[ 69] December 1 – A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies.[ 70] December 6 – ArchduchessMaria Theresa , the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12.[ 71] December 9 – The two month longSiege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,Mohammed ben Abdallah , attack the North African Spanish colony ofMelilla (which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century).[ 72] December 23 – KingLouis XVI of France issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat duringLent " to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."[ 73]
1775 TheAmerican Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day afterPaul Revere 's ride. TheSecond Continental Congress took various steps toward organizing an American government, appointingGeorge Washington commander-in-chief (June 14),Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating aContinental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues theDeclaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23,King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonialsiege of Boston , at theBattle of Bunker Hill , just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition,Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfullyinvade Canada , with an attack onMontreal defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack onQuebec repulsed December 31.
Human knowledge and mastery over nature advanced whenJames Watt built a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continued as CaptainJames Cook claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when theIndependence Hurricane (August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast ofNorth America , killing 4,173, and asmallpox epidemic begins in New England. Smallpox vaccine was then developed byEdward Jenner .
January – TheHabsburg monarchy forces theOttoman Empire to cedeBukovina to its rule. January 5 –Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C.January 14 –Siamese conquest of Chiang Mai and theLan Na Kingdom .January 17 –Second voyage of James Cook : CaptainJames Cook takes possession ofSouth Georgia for theKingdom of Great Britain .February 9 –American Revolution : TheParliament of Great Britain declares theProvince of Massachusetts Bay to be in rebellion.February 15 –Pope Pius VI succeedsPope Clement XIV as the 250thpope .February 26 – TheBritish East India Company factory onBalambangan Island is destroyed byMoro pirates .[ 74] March 6 –Raghunathrao ,Peshwa of theMaratha Empire in India, signs theTreaty of Surat with the British Governor-GeneralWarren Hastings inBombay ceding the territories ofSalsette andBassein to the BritishEast India Company along with part of the revenues fromSurat andBharuch districts in return for military assistance. This leads to theFirst Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in1782 .March 17 –Catherine the Great of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned toserfdom .[ 75] March 23 – American Revolution:Patrick Henry , a delegate to theSecond Virginia Convention after theVirginia House of Burgesses was disbanded by theRoyal Governor , delivers his "Give me Liberty or give me Death! " speech atSt. John's Church inRichmond, Virginia .April 18 – American Revolution:Paul Revere andWilliam Dawes , instructed by Dr.Joseph Warren ,ride from Boston to Lexington to warnJohn Hancock andSam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord.April 19 –American Revolution –Battles of Lexington and Concord :[ 76] American Revolutionary War .May 10 – American Revolution:May 17 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade withCanada .June 11 June 12 – American Revolution:June 14 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress namesGeorge Washington as commander of theContinental Army .June 16 – The post ofchief engineer of theContinental Army is created.June 17 – American Revolution: Two months into the colonialsiege of Boston , British open fire onBreed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in theBattle of Bunker Hill .June 19 – The post ofCommanding General is created by theContinental Congress .August 18 :Tucson is founded.July 3 – American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge.July 5 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends theOlive Branch Petition , hoping for a reconciliation.July 6 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress issuesDeclaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms , which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...".July 26 – The Second Continental Congress appointsBenjamin Franklin to be the firstPostmaster General of what later becomes theUnited States Post Office Department .July 30 –Second voyage of James Cook :HMS Resolution (1771) anchors off the south coast of England,Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound globalcircumnavigation .August 18 –Tucson is founded.August 21 – American Revolution –Siege of Fort St. Jean : American rebels launch aninvasion of Canada .August 23 – American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues aProclamation of Rebellion against the American colonies.August 29 –September 12 – TheIndependence Hurricane South Carolina toNova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.September 25 – American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean –Battle of Longue-Pointe :Thirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under Maj.Ethan Allen attackMontreal in Quebec, commanded byBritish GeneralGuy Carleton . Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released.October – TheSayre Plotters attempt to kidnapGeorge III of the United Kingdom . October 13 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of theContinental Navy (later theUnited States Navy ).October 26 – American Revolution:George III announces toParliament that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly.November – American Revolution: ColonelRichard Richardson 'sSouth Carolina revolutionaries march throughNinety-Six District in what becomes known as theSnow Campaign Loyalist cause in thebackcountry of South Carolina. November 7 – American Revolution:John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore , Britishroyal governor of theColony of Virginia , signsDunmore's Proclamation , declaringmartial law and offering freedom toslaves ofPatriots who run away from their owners and join theLoyalist forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood.November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating theContinental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April1783 but reformed onJuly 11 ,1798 as theUnited States Marine Corps ).November 13 – American Revolution:Battle of Montreal – American forces underBrigadier General Richard Montgomery captureMontreal .British GeneralGuy Carleton escapes toQuebec .November 17 – The city ofKuopio ,Finland (belonging toSweden at this time) is founded by KingGustav III of Sweden . December 5 – American Revolution:Henry Knox beginshis journey toCambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that has been captured fromFort Ticonderoga .December 31 – American Revolution:Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack byContinental Army generalsRichard Montgomery andBenedict Arnold atQuebec ; Montgomery is killed.
1776 May 1 –Adam Weishaupt founds theIlluminati Ingolstadt ,Bavaria .May 4 –Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance toKing George III of Great Britain .May 15 –26 –American Revolution –Battle of the Cedars : British forces skirmish with the AmericanContinental Army aroundLes Cèdres, Quebec .June 6 – A fire destroys major parts of the town ofAskersund ,Sweden .[ 82] June 7 –American Revolution –Richard Henry Lee ofVirginia proposes to theSecond Continental Congress (meeting in Philadelphia) that"these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." June 8 –American Revolution –Battle of Trois-Rivières : The invading American Continental Army is driven back atTrois-Rivières, Quebec .June 10 – Death of KingHsinbyushin of theKonbaung dynasty .June 11 –American Revolution – TheContinental Congress appoints aCommittee of Five to draft aDeclaration of Independence .June 12 –American Revolution – TheVirginia Declaration of Rights George Mason ) is adopted by the Virginia Convention of Delegates.June 15 –American Revolution – Delaware Separation Day: TheDelaware General Assembly votes to suspend government under the British Crown.June 17 – Lt.José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of colonists fromMonterey Presidio, landing onJune 29 and, with FatherFrancisco Palóu , constructing theMission San Francisco de Asís ("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio ofSan Francisco , the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city.June 28 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Sullivan's Island :South Carolina militia repel a British attack onCharleston .June 29 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet : The AmericanContinental Navy successfully challenges the BritishRoyal Navy blockade offNew Jersey .July 2 –American Revolution – The final U.S. Declaration of Independence (with minor revisions) is written. The Continental Congress passes theLee Resolution .July 4 –American Revolution –United States Declaration of Independence : The Continental Congress ratifies the declaration by the United States of its independence from theKingdom of Great Britain .[ 83] July 8 –American Revolution – TheLiberty Bell rings in Philadelphia, for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.July 9 –American Revolution – An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue ofGeorge III of Great Britain inBowling Green .July 12 – CaptainJames Cook sets off fromPlymouth , England, inHMSResolution on histhird voyage , to the Pacific Ocean andArctic , which will be fatal.July 21 –Mozart 'sSerenade No. 7 Salzburg , Austria.July 29 –Domínguez–Escalante expedition : Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.[ 84] August 1 – TheViceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is established in southern South America.August 2 – Most of the American colonies ratify theDeclaration of Independence .August 15 –American Revolution – The firstHessian troops land onStaten Island , to join British forces.August 25 – Scottish philosopher and historianDavid Hume dies.August 27 –American Revolution –Battle of Long Island :Washington 's troops are defeated inBrooklyn by the British, underWilliam Howe .August – The guild organisationMarchandes de modes September 22 : British hang spyNathan Hale in New York City.November 16 November 20 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Fort Lee : The invasion ofNew Jersey , by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army.December 5 – ThePhi Beta Kappa society is founded at theCollege of William & Mary inVirginia .December 6 – The General Assembly ofVirginia votes to createKentucky County as the portion of the colony'sFincastle County that is located west of theCumberland Mountains .[ 92] Commonwealth of Kentucky . The rest of Fincastle County, between theBlue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachians is divided into the first county to be named afterGeorge Washington (Washington County, Virginia ) in the south along the border with theNorth Carolina colony, andMontgomery County in the north. The divisions take effect on December 31.[ 93] December 7 –American Revolutionary War – TheMarquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the American military as a major general.December 12 – The second Continental Congress ends after a session that began on May 10, 1775, and continued for 582 days.[ 94] December 19 –American Revolution –Thomas Paine , living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets onThe American Crisis The Pennsylvania Journal December 21 –American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into theState of North Carolina after adopting its own constitution.Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state.December 26 :Capture of the Hessians at Trenton
1777 January 2 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of the Assunpink Creek : American generalGeorge Washington 's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant GeneralCharles Cornwallis , in a second battle atTrenton, New Jersey .January 3 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Princeton : American general George Washington's army defeats British troops.January 12 –Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what becomesSanta Clara, California .January 15 –Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming theVermont Republic , an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in1791 .January 21 – The Continental Congress approves a resolution "that an unauthentic copy, with names of the signers of theDeclaration of independence , be sent to each of the United States.[ 97] February 5 – Under the1st Constitution of Georgia , 8 counties are chartered:Burke ,Camden ,Chatham ,Effingham ,Glynn ,Liberty ,Richmond , andWilkes . This dissolves the existing parishes of St. George, St. Mary's, St. Thomas, St. Phillip, Christ Church, St. David, St. Matthews, St. Andrew, St. James, St. Johns, and St. Paul.[ 98] February 24 – KingJoseph I of Portugal dies, and is succeeded by his daughterMaria I of Portugal , and his brother and son-in-lawPeter III of Portugal .March 4 – The Fourth Continental Congress, withJohn Hancock as president, begins a 199 day session inPhiladelphia , lasting until September 18.[ 97] March 29 –30 –Third voyage of James Cook : English explorerCaptain Cook discoversMangaia andAtiu in theCook Islands .[ 99] April 1 –Friedrich Maximilian Klinger 's playSturm und Drang Seyler Theatre Company inLeipzig , giving its name to the wholeSturm und Drang German literature .April 13 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Bound Brook : A British andHessian force led by Charles Cornwallis surprises aContinental Army outpost inNew Jersey , commanded by Major GeneralBenjamin Lincoln .April 27 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Ridgefield : TheBritish Army defeatsPatriot militias, galvanizing resistance in theConnecticut Colony .May 8 –Richard Brinsley Sheridan 'scomedy of manners ,The School for Scandal Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London.[ 100] May 16 –Gwinnett–McIntosh duel :Lachlan McIntosh andButton Gwinnett shoot each other during aduel nearSavannah, Georgia . Gwinnett, a signer of theUnited States Declaration of Independence , dies three days later.June 13 –American Revolution : TheMarquis de Lafayette lands nearGeorgetown, South Carolina , to help theContinental Congress train its army.June 14 :US Flag (had various star patterns)July 6 –American Revolutionary War –Siege of Fort Ticonderoga : After a bombardment byBritish artillery under GeneralJohn Burgoyne , American forces retreat fromFort Ticonderoga ,New York .July 7 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Hubbardton : British forces capture over 200 of the American rearguard, from Fort Ticonderoga.July 8 – The1777 Constitution ofVermont is signed, officially abolishing slavery.August 6 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Oriskany :Loyalists gain a tactical victory overPatriots ;Iroquois fight on both sides.August 16 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Bennington :British andBrunswicker forces are decisively defeated by American troops atWalloomsac, New York .August 22 –American Revolutionary War – TheSiege of Fort Stanwix is ended by withdrawal of British forces, following a ruse byBenedict Arnold to persuade them that a much larger force is arriving.September 3 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Cooch's Bridge : British andHessian forces defeat an Americanmilitia in a minor skirmish inNew Castle County, Delaware .September 11 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Brandywine : TheBritish gain a major victory inChester County ,Pennsylvania .[ 101] September 19 –American Revolutionary War – First Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Freeman's Farm ): Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York.[ 102] September 26 –American Revolutionary War – British troops occupyPhiladelphia ; members of theContinental Congress flee toLancaster, Pennsylvania , where they meet and hold a one day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing again.[ 97] September 30 –American Revolutionary War – The SixthContinental Congress opens its session atYork, Pennsylvania , and continues for 272 days until June 27, 1778.[ 97] October 4 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Germantown : Troops underGeorge Washington are repelled byBritish troops underSir William Howe .October 6 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery : British troops captureFort Clinton andFort Montgomery (Hudson River) , and are able to dismantle theHudson River Chain .October 7 –American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Bemis Heights ): British GeneralJohn Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.October 17 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Saratoga :British GeneralJohn Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.November 15 –American Revolution : After 16 months of debate, theContinental Congress approves theArticles of Confederation , in the temporary American capital atYork, Pennsylvania .November 17 –American Revolution : TheArticles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification.November 29 –San Jose, California , is founded. It is the firstpueblo Alta California .December 18 – The United States celebrates its firstThanksgiving , marking October's victory by the American rebels over British GeneralJohn Burgoyne at Saratoga.December 19 –American Revolutionary War –George Washington 'sContinental Army goes into winter quarters atValley Forge, Pennsylvania .December 20 –Morocco recognizes theUnited States as a sovereign state.December 24 –Third voyage of James Cook : English explorerCaptain Cook locatesKiritimati (Christmas Island).December 30 –Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria dies and is succeeded by his distant cousinCharles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria .
1778 April 7 – Former British prime ministerWilliam Pitt delivers his last speech to Parliament, and speaks to the House of Lords "passionately but incoherently against the granting of independence" to the American colonies, but collapses during the debate, and dies five weeks later.[ 104] April 12 – King George III appoints the five-memberCarlisle Peace Commission to present peace terms to negotiate an end to the rebellion of Britain's 13 American colonies.[ 105] April 30 – The 1,800 feet (550 m) longHudson River Chain , designed to prevent British ships from moving up the river towardWest Point, New York is stretched across the river and anchored by an engineering team under the direction of Captain Thomas Machin.[ 106] May 12 –Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz is elevated toPrince of thePrincipality of Reuss-Greiz byJoseph II, Holy Roman Emperor . This year sees the first appearance of the modern-daynational colors of Germany on a flag that closely resembles the modernflag of Germany , to occuranywhere within modern-day Germany.May 30 –Benedict Arnold signs theU.S. Oath of Allegiance atValley Forge .[ 107] June 24 – A totalsolar eclipse takes place across parts of North America, fromTexas toVirginia .June 28 –American Revolutionary War :Battle of Monmouth –George Washington 'sContinental Army battles British generalSir Henry Clinton 's army to a draw, nearMonmouth County, New Jersey .June – TheAnglo-French War (1778–83) begins.July 3 –American Revolutionary War : TheBattle of Wyoming takes place nearWilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , ending in a terrible defeat for the local colonists.[ 108] July 4 –American Revolutionary War :George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia .July 10 –Louis XVI of France declares war on theKingdom of Great Britain .July 26 – In the Russian Empire, the forcedemigration of Christians from the Crimea toPryazovia begins.[ 109] July 27 –American Revolutionary War :First Battle of Ushant –British and French fleets fight to a standoff.August 3 – TheLa Scala Opera House opens inMilan , with the première ofAntonio Salieri 'sEuropa riconosciuta August 26 –Triglav , at 2,864 metres (9,396 ft) above sea level the highest peak ofSlovenia , is ascended for the first time by four men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič, and Lovrenc Willomitzer, onSigmund Zois ' initiative.August 29 –American Revolutionary War : The tactically inconclusiveBattle of Rhode Island takes place, after which theContinental Army abandons its position onAquidneck Island .September – TheMassachusetts Banishment Act Loyalists , is passed.September 7 –American Revolutionary War :Invasion of Dominica – The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in theFranco-American alliance .September 17 – TheTreaty of Fort Pitt is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and aNative American tribe (theLenape or Delaware).September 19 – TheContinental Congress passes the firstbudget of the United States .October 12 – The Continental Congress advises the 13 member states to suppress "theatrical entertainments, horse-racing, gaming, and such other diversions as are productive of idleness, dissipation, and general depravity of principles and manners."[ 103] November 26 :Captain Cook lands onMaui .
1779 January 11 British troops surrender to theMarathas inWadgaon , India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since1773 . January 22 –American Revolutionary War –Claudius Smith is hanged atGoshen ,Orange County, New York for supposed acts of terrorism upon the people of the surrounding communities.January 29 – After a second petition for partition from its residents, theNorth Carolina General Assembly abolishesBute County ,North Carolina (established1764 ) by dividing it and naming the northern portionWarren County (for Revolutionary War heroJoseph Warren ), the southern portionFranklin County (forBenjamin Franklin ). The General Assembly also establishesWarrenton (also named for Joseph Warren) to be the seat of Warren County, andLouisburg (named forLouis XVI of France) to be the seat of Franklin County.February 12 – Lieutenant ColonelFrancisco Bouligny arrives withMalagueño colonists atBayou Teche , to establish the city ofNew Iberia, Louisiana .February 14 – CaptainJames Cook is killed on theSandwich Islands , on his third voyage.March 1 –Capture and sack of Vientiane by Siamese forces.March 10 – TheTreaty of Aynalıkavak is signed betweenOttoman Turkey and theRussian Empire , regarding theCrimean Khanate .July 16 – TheGreat Siege of Gibraltar begins. This is an action by French and Spanish forces to wrest control ofGibraltar from the established British garrison. The garrison, led byGeorge Augustus Eliott (later 1st Baron Heathfield of Gibraltar), survives all attacks and a blockade of supplies.July 16 July 20 –Tekle Giyorgis I begins the first of his five reigns asEmperor of Ethiopia .July 22 –Battle of Minisink : The Goshen Militia is destroyed byJoseph Brant 's forces.July 24 –American Revolutionary War – American forces, led by CommodoreDudley Saltonstall , launch thePenobscot Expedition in what is nowCastine , Maine, resulting in the worst naval defeat in U.S. history, until surpassed by the attack onPearl Harbor in 1941.August 17 –Action of 17 August 1779 : The 64-gun British warshipHMSArdent is captured by France in theEnglish Channel off ofPlymouth after an ineffective attempt by the British captain to properly aim its cannons at the French frigateJunon August 23 –Martín de Mayorga , Captain-General of Guatemala, becomes the SpanishViceroy of New Spain after the death ofAntonio María de Bucareli .September 14 –15 –American Revolutionary War –Little Beard's Town , a loyalist stronghold, is burnt by theSullivan Expedition .September 21 –Battle of Baton Rouge – Spanish troops underBernardo de Gálvez capture the city from the British.September 23 –American Revolutionary War –Battle of Flamborough Head – The American shipBonhomme Richard John Paul Jones , engages the British shipHMS Serapis . TheBonhomme Richard sinks, but the Americans board theSerapis and other vessels, and are victorious.September 28 –Samuel Huntington is elected as the seventhPresident of the Continental Congress .[ 94] Industrial Revolution in England:A joint Spanish-Portuguese survey of theAmazon basin begins to determine the boundary between the colonial possessions in South America; it continues until1795 .
Births 1770
February 21 –Georges Mouton , Marshal of France (d.1838 )March 2 –Louis-Gabriel Suchet , Marshal of France (d.1826 )March 20 –Friedrich Hölderlin , German writer (d.1843 )April 3 –Theodoros Kolokotronis , Greek general (d.1843 )April 7 –William Wordsworth , English poet (d.1850 )April 8 –John Campbell , Australian public servant, politician (d.1830 )April 11 –George Canning ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1827 )April 25 –Georg Sverdrup , Norwegian philologist (d.1850 )April 30 –David Thompson , English-Canadian explorer (d.1857 )May 10 –Louis-Nicolas Davout , Marshal of France (d.1823 )May 15 –Ezekiel Hart , Canadian entrepreneur, politician (d.1843 )May 27 –Ignaz Döllinger , German anatomist, physiologist (d.1841 )May 29 –Charles Adams , second son of President John Adams (1735–1826) (d.1800 )June 1 –Friedrich Laun , German author (d.1849 )Manuel Belgrano June 3 –Manuel Belgrano , Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (d.1820 )June 4 –Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll , Swedish countess, poet and salon holder (d.1835 )June 7 –Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1828 )June 20 –Moses Waddel , American educator/minister and bestselling author (d.1840 )August 1 –William Clark , American explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d.1838 )August 3 – KingFrederick William III of Prussia (d.1840 )August 18 –Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer , German scholar (d.1825 )Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Ludwig van Beethoven 1771
February 14 –Hanne Tott , Danish circus artist, circus manager (d.1826 )March 16 –Antoine-Jean Gros , French painter (d.1835 )March 20 –Heinrich Clauren , German author (d.1854 )March 25 –Germanos III of Old Patras , Greek Metropolitan Bishop ofPatras (d.1826 )April 3 –Hans Nielsen Huge , Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d.1824 )April 13 –Richard Trevithick , English inventor (d.1833 )April 18 –Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg , Austrian field marshal (d.1820 )April 27 –Jean Rapp , French general (d.1821 )May 1 –Cajsa Wahllund , Finnish restaurateur (d.1843 )May 11 –Laskarina Bouboulina , Greek independence heroine (d.1825 )Robert Owen Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover June 5 –Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (d.1851 )June 24 –Éleuthère Irénée du Pont , French-American chemist, industrialist (d.1834 )August 15 – SirWalter Scott ,Scottish novelist , poet (d.1832 )[ 115] September 5 –Archduke Charles of Austria , Austrian general, statesman (d.1847 )September 11 –Mungo Park , Scottish explorer (d.1806 )[ 116] September 17 –Johann August Apel , German writer, jurist (d.1816 )September 23 –Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d.1840 )October 9 –Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d.1815 )October 23 –Jean-Andoche Junot , French general (d.1813 )November 14 –Xavier Bichat , French anatomist and pathologist (d.1802 )December 14 –Regina von Siebold , German physician andobstetrician (d.1849 )December 27 –William Johnson ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1834 )Unknown –William Lloyd , Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d.1841 ) 1772
January 20 –Angélique Brûlon , French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (d.1859 )January 30 –Godfrey Higgins , British archaeologist (d.1833 )February 24 –William H. Crawford , American politician, judge (d.1834 )March 10 –Friedrich von Schlegel , German poet (d.1829 )March 15 –József Ficzkó , Burgenland Croatian writer (d.1843 )April 4 –Nachman of Breslov , Hasidic rabbi and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d.1810 )April 5 –Domenico Puccini , Italian composer (d.1815 )April 7 –Charles Fourier , French philosopher (d.1837 )[ 117] April 18 –David Ricardo , British economist (d.1823 )April 30 –Karl Gustav Himly , German surgeon, ophthalmologist (d.1837 )May 2 –Novalis , German poet (d.1801 )May 20 –William Congreve , British rocket pioneer (d.1828 )May 22 –Ram Mohan Roy , Hindu religious and social reformer (d.1833 )June 7 –Aurora Liljenroth , Swedish scholar (d.1836 )July 11 –John Rodgers , American naval officer (d.1838 )August 2 –Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (d.1804 )August 15 –Johann Nepomuk Mälzel , German inventor (d.1838 )William I of the Netherlands Samuel Taylor Coleridge October 21 –Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English poet and philosopher (d.1834 )October 25 –Géraud Duroc , French general (d.1813 )November 5 –Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière , French admiral (d.1849 )November 8 –William Wirt , 9thUnited States Attorney General (d.1834 )November 18 –Louis Ferdinand of Prussia , German prince (d.1806 )date unknown approximate date Charlotte Dacre , English Gothic novelist (d.1825 )Lalon , Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d.1890 )1773
Robert Fullerton William Henry Harrison Klemens von Metternich May 15 – PrinceKlemens Wenzel von Metternich , Austrian statesman (d.1859 )May 19 –Arthur Aikin , English chemist and mineralogist (d.1854 )May 31 –Ludwig Tieck , German writer (d.1853 )June 13 –Thomas Young , English scientist (d.1829 )July 23 –Thomas Brisbane , Scottish astronomer,Governor of New South Wales (d.1860 )August 12 –Karl Faber , German historian (d.1853 )August 22 –Aimé Bonpland , French explorer, botanist (d.1858 )September 17 –Jonathan Alder , Americansettler (d.1849 )Louis Philippe I October 4 –Harriet Auber , English poet, hymnist (d.1862 )October 6 –Louis Philippe I , King of the French (d.1850 )November 6 –Henry Hunt , British politician (d.1835 )November 24 –Shadrach Bond , American politician and the firstgovernor of Illinois (d.1832 )December 9 –Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt , French general, diplomat (d.1827 )December 17 –Sylvain Charles Valée ,Marshal of France (d.1846 )December 21 –Robert Brown , Scottish botanist (d.1858 )December 27 –Sir George Cayley , English aviation pioneer (d.1857 )Unknown –Johann Gottfried Arnold , German cellist (d.1806 )Unknown –Kyra Frosini , Greek heroine (d.1800 )Unknown –Isabel Zendal , Spanish nurseUnknown –Anna Moór , Hungarian actress (d.1841 )1774
André Marie Constant Duméril born1 January Pietro Giordani born1 January Anna Bunina born7 January William Stewart born10 January Tryphosa Jane Wallis born11 January Marie-Thérèse Figueur born17 January William Blake (economist) born31 January Thomas Veazey born31 January Edward Cross (zoo proprietor) born3 February Valentin Stanič born12 February Roswell Weston born24 February William Farquhar born26 February Magdalene of Canossa born1 March David Semyonovich Abamelik born10 March Johann Caspar Horner born12 March Rose Fortune born13 March Matthew Flinders born16 March Claudine Thévenet born30 March Sophie Thalbitzer born15 April Franz Hegi born16 April Madhavrao II born18 April Jean-Baptiste Biot born21 April Anna Gottlieb born29 April Samuel Owen (engineer) born12 May Friederike von Reden born12 May Joseph Bouchette born14 May Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs born15 May Francis Beaufort born27 May Robert Tannahill born3 June Henry Philip Hope born8 June Carl Haller von Hallerstein born10 June Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov born18 June Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg born29 June Marcia Arbuthnot born9 July Robert Jameson born11 July Axel Otto Mörner born11 July Charles de Graimberg born30 July Diodata Saluzzo Roero born31 July Robert Southey born12 August Meriwether Lewis born18 August Ludvig Frederik Brock born20 August Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn born24 August Elizabeth Ann Seton born28 August Caspar David Friedrich born5 September Anne Catherine Emmerich born8 September Johnny Appleseed born26 September Adolf Müllner born18 October Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford born18 October Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg born4 November Charles Bell born12 November Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands born18 November Vasile Moga born19 November Elisabeth Canori Mora born21 November Peter Frederik Wulff born26 November Princess Maria Antonia of Parma born28 November William Henry (chemist) born12 December Eline Heger born13 December January 1 January 2 –Thomas Lynn , British soldier (d.1847 )January 3 –Juan Aldama , Jugador de Beisbole (d.1811 )January 4 January 5 –George Chinnery , British artist (d.1852 )January 6 January 7 January 8 –John Gibbons , English amateur cricketer (d.1844 )January 10 January 11 January 12 –William Cahoon , American politician (d.1833 )January 14 –Benjamin Aislabie , cricketer (d.1842 )January 16 –Daniel Evans , Welsh Independent minister (d.1835 )January 17 January 18 January 19 January 20 –Charles George Beauclerk , British Member of Parliament (d.1845 )January 21 –William Kenrick , English lawyer and politician (d.1829 )January 22 –Francesco Fuoco , Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d.1841 )January 23 –Richard Southgate , American politician (d.1857 )January 24 January 25 –Jules-Paul Pasquier , French jurist (d.1858 )January 29 January 30 –Samuel Butler , English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d.1839 )January 31 February 1 February 2 –Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester , British noble (d.1828 )February 3 February 4 –Frederick Traugott Pursh , German-American botanist (d.1820 )February 5 –Juan Fermín de San Martín , Spanish military personnel (d.1822 )February 6 –Henry Bates Grubb , American ironmaster and businessman (d.1823 )February 7 –Frederik Christian Kielsen , Danish naturalist (d.1850 )February 8 February 9 February 11 February 12 –Valentin Stanič , Austrian teacher (d.1847 )February 13 February 15 –Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau , Dutch prince (d.1799 )February 16 February 17 February 18 –William Clark , farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d.1851 )February 24 February 25 –George Gore , Anglican priest in Ireland (d.1844 )February 26 February 27 –Thomas Vasse , sea explorer (d.1801 )February 28 April 1 April 5 April 6 April 7 April 8 April 9 –John Stanly , American politician (d.1834 )April 11 April 12 April 13 –John W. Mulligan , attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d.1862 )April 15 –Sophie Thalbitzer , Danish writer (d.1851 )April 16 April 17 April 18 April 19 –Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer , German writer (d.1845 )April 21 April 23 –Francis Austen , British Royal Navy officer (d.1865 )April 24 –Jean Marc Gaspard Itard , French physician (d.1838 )April 25 –Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel , Prussian major general and adjutant (d.1840 )April 26 April 28 April 29 April 30 –John Yelloly , English doctor (d.1842 )July 5 July 7 –Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne , French general (d.1812 )July 9 –Marcia Arbuthnot , lady-in-waiting (d.1806 )July 10 –Isaac Bullard , American politician (d.1808 )July 11 July 12 July 14 July 15 –David Jacob van Lennep , Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d.1853 )July 17 –John Wilbur , American Quaker minister (d.1856 )July 20 July 24 –Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg , Czech nobleman (d.1857 )July 26 –Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch , Prussian army officer (d.1840 )July 28 July 29 –Edward Wakefield , English statistician (d.1854 )July 30 –Charles de Graimberg , French art collector and painter (d.1864 )July 31 August 1 August 2 –Ole Clausen Mørch , Norwegian politician (d.1829 )August 5 August 6 –Asa Wells , pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d.1859 )August 7 August 9 August 11 August 12 August 13 August 15 –François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle , French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d.1852 )August 17 August 18 August 19 –Denis-Benjamin Viger , Lower Canadian politician (d.1861 )August 20 August 22 August 23 August 24 –Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn , German physician (d.1848 )August 25 –Samuel William Manthey , Norwegian politician (d.1815 )August 26 –Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet , English banker, politician (d.1840 )August 28 –Elizabeth Ann Seton , co-founder ofMount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of theSisters of Charity (d.1821 )August 30 –Henri Van Assche , painter (d.1841 )August 31 –Charles Turner , English engraver (d.1857 )October 2 –Johannes Spitler , American painter of furniture (d.1837 )October 4 October 7 October 8 October 10 –Peter Nourse , American clergyman (d.1840 )October 12 October 13 October 15 –John Boit , one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d.1829 )October 18 October 19 –Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis , British noble (d.1823 )October 21 –Archibald Campbell , British Army officer (d.1838 )October 23 October 26 –Albert Gregorius , Belgian painter (d.1853 )October 27 –Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton , British politician (d.1848 )October 28 October 29 –Augustin Joseph Caron , French military officer (d.1822 )October 30 November 1 November 2 –Georges-Simon Serullas , French pharmacist (d.1832 )November 3 –Jakov Jakšić , Serbian postmaster (d.1848 )November 4 November 5 November 6 November 7 November 8 November 9 November 10 –John Miller , New York politician (d.1862 )November 11 –Marcin Dunin , Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d.1842 )November 12 November 14 –Gaspare Spontini , Italian composer and conductor (d.1851 )November 17 –Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus , French politician (d.1824 )November 18 November 19 –Vasile Moga , Romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d.1845 )November 20 November 21 November 24 –Thomas Dick , British astronomer (d.1857 )November 25 –Francisco de Paula Marín , A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d.1837 )November 26 November 27 –John Howard Kyan , British inventor (d.1850 )November 28 November 29 December 1 –Alexander Leith , British Army officer (d.1859 )December 2 December 3 –Giuseppe Federico Palombini , military general (d.1850 )December 4 –John Weyland , British writer and politician; (d.1854 )December 5 –Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff , German mathematician (d.1835 )December 10 –Nicolas Morice , French navy officer (d.1848 )December 11 –David Bowen, Felinfoel , Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d.1853 )December 12 –William Henry , English chemist (d.1836 )December 13 December 15 –Michel Ange Lancret , Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d.1807 )December 16 –Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll , British noble (d.1835 )December 17 December 20 December 21 December 23 –Ludwig von Vincke , politician, writer and jurist (d.1844 )December 26 –Ferdinand Oechsle , German inventor (d.1852 )December 27 December 28 December 29 –Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry , British politician (d.1849 )December 31 –James Bunbury White , American politician (d.1819 )[ 118] Unknown date –Sergey Glinka , Russian author, brother ofFyodor Glinka (d.1847 ) 1775
Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski born13 January Walter Savage Landor born30 January Gurun Princess Hexiao born2 February Charles Lamb born10 February William Hall (governor) born11 February Miguel Ramos Arizpe born15 February Simmons Jones Baker born15 February Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier) born21 February Adolf Stieler born26 February Sophie Tieck born28 February Adam Elias von Siebold born5 March Constance Mayer born9 March Pauline Auzou born24 March Adam Albert von Neipperg born8 April J. M. W. Turner born23 April Alexander Johnston (1775–1849) born25 April George Kinloch (politician) born30 April Angélique Mongez born1 May Alexander McNair born5 May Pablo Morillo born5 May Jacob Brown born9 May Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle born10 May Micah Brooks born14 May Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio born12 June Judah Touro born16 June Lucy Mack Smith born8 July Matthew Lewis (writer) born9 July Richard Westmacott born15 July John Andrew Shulze born19 July Anna Harrison born25 July Emmanuel Dupaty born31 July George Tucker (politician) born20 August Vasily Orlov-Denisov born8 September Guillaume Capelle born9 September Murray Maxwell born10 September John Henry Hobart born14 September Giuseppe Rosaroll born16 September Philip Milledoler born22 September Robert Adrain born30 September Bahadur Shah Zafar born24 October Pierre Capelle born4 November Achille Fontanelli born8 November Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach born14 November James Carnahan born15 November Philander Chase born14 December Phineas Riall born15 December January 23 January 27 –Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling , German philosopher (d.1854 )January 28 January 30 –Walter Savage Landor , English writer and poet (d.1864 )January 31 February 1 February 2 –Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d.1823 )February 3 February 8 February 9 February 10 February 11 –William Hall , American politician (d.1856 )February 12 –Charles Lloyd , English poet (d.1839 )February 14 –William Clift , English medical illustrator and conservator (d.1849 )February 15 February 17 February 18 –Thomas Girtin , English painter and etcher (d.1802 )February 19 February 20 February 21 February 22 February 24 February 25 –John Caldwell , businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d.1842 )February 26 –Adolf Stieler , German cartographer and lawyer (d.1836 )February 28 –Sophie Tieck , German poet (d.1833 )March 3 –Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley , British politician (d.1854 )March 4 –Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger , Austrian portrait painter (d.1837 )March 5 March 9 March 10 March 11 March 12 March 14 –Samuel Street Jr. , businessman in Upper Canada (d.1844 )March 15 –Juan Bautista Arismendi , Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.1841 )March 17 –Ninian Edwards , founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d.1833 )March 19 –Ramsay Richard Reinagle , English painter (d.1862 )March 22 March 23 –William Haseldine Pepys , English physical scientist (d.1856 )March 24 March 25 –John Johnston , United States Indian agent (d.1861 )March 26 –Thomas Monteagle Bayly , Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d.1834 )March 27 –Nicolai Abraham Holten , Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d.1850 )March 28 –Johann Heinrich Gossler , Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d.1842 )March 30 –Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld , Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d.1822 )April 2 April 4 –Dutch Sam , British boxer (d.1816 )April 5 –Johann Nepomuk Rust , Austrian surgeon (d.1840 )April 6 –Edward Wynne-Pendarves , English politician (d.1853 )April 7 April 8 April 9 –Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada , Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d.1844 )April 10 –Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi , German psychiatrist (d.1858 )April 12 April 13 –Adolph Henke , German physician (d.1843 )April 14 April 16 April 21 April 22 April 23 –J. M. W. Turner , English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d.1851 )April 25 April 27 –Pietro Ostini , Catholic cardinal (d.1849 )April 28 April 29 –Samuel King , American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d.1842 )April 30 May 1 –Angélique Mongez , French Neoclassical artist (d.1855 )May 3 –John Hansen Sørbrøden , Norwegian farmer (d.1857 )May 5 May 6 May 8 –George Gwilt the younger , English architect (d.1856 )May 9 –Jacob Brown , United States general (d.1828 )May 10 May 12 –George Whitmore , British Army general (d.1862 )May 14 –Micah Brooks , United States general (d.1857 )May 17 May 19 –Antonín Jan Jungmann , Czech physician (d.1854 )May 21 –Lucien Bonaparte , French statesman (d.1840 )May 24 May 25 –Pelagio Palagi , Italian painter (d.1860 )May 28 –Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves , British politician (d.1830 )May 29 –Nathan Cutler , American politician from Maine (d.1861 )May 31 June 4 –Francesco Molino , Italian guitarist (d.1847 )June 8 –Henry Boehm , American clergyman and pastor (d.1875 )June 9 –Georg Friedrich Grotefend , German epigraphist and philologist (d.1853 )June 10 –James Barbour , American politician (d.1842 )June 12 June 13 –Antoni Radziwiłł , Polish politician (d.1833 )June 14 –André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste , French general of the First Empire (d.1809 )June 15 June 16 –Judah Touro , American businessman (d.1854 )June 17 –Alexander Cowan , Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d.1859 )June 18 –Orsamus Cook Merrill , American politician (d.1865 )June 19 June 20 –Jacques Frédéric Français , French engineer and mathematician (d.1833 )June 22 June 24 –John Kempthorne , English clergyman and hymnwriter (d.1838 )June 25 –John Stevenson Salt , English barrister, banker and landowner (d.1845 )June 26 June 29 –Thomas Boyle , American privateer (d.1825 )June 30 –William Thompson , Irish philosopher (d.1833 )July 1 –Cephas Thompson , American artist (d.1856 )July 2 –Aaron Peasley , American buttonmaker (d.1837 )July 3 –Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier , member of the French royal family (d.1807 )July 5 –William Crotch , English composer, organist and artist (d.1847 )July 8 July 9 –Matthew "Monk" Lewis , English Gothic horror writer and politician (d.1818 )July 11 –Joseph Blanco White , Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d.1841 )July 14 July 15 July 17 July 18 July 19 July 21 July 23 July 24 –Eugène François Vidocq , French criminal and private detective agent (d.1857 )July 25 –Anna Harrison , American politician (d.1864 )July 27 –Therese Brunsvik , Hungarian educationalist (d.1861 )July 28 –Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian , British Army general (d.1842 )July 31 –Emmanuel Dupaty , French singer and writer (d.1851 )August 2 August 6 August 7 August 8 –Richard Blakemore , English politician (d.1855 )August 9 –Jacob Brown , United States general (d.1828 )August 12 –Conrad Malte-Brun , Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d.1826 )August 14 –Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde , Dutch politician (d.1853 )August 15 August 16 August 18 August 20 August 22 August 23 –Mark Cubbon , British army officer with the East India Company (d.1861 )August 25 –Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann , German philosopher and anthropologist (d.1839 )August 26 –William Joseph Behr , German political radical (d.1851 )August 27 August 28 August 29 –Niels Wulfsberg , Norwegian publisher (d.1852 )August 31 September 1 –Honoré Charles Reille , French general,Marshal of France (d.1860 )September 4 –Jean-François Le Gonidec , Breton linguist, Bible translator (d.1838 )September 5 September 6 –Aleksey Greig , Russian admiral (d.1845 )September 7 –John Jebb , Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d.1833 )September 8 September 9 September 10 September 11 September 12 –Josef Jüttner , Austrian cartographer and military officer (d.1848 )September 13 –Laura Secord , Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d.1868 )September 14 September 15 –William A. Griswold , American lawyer and politician (d.1846 )September 16 September 17 September 19 –José Félix Ribas , hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d.1815 )September 20 –François-Pierre Chaumeton , French botanist and physician (d.1819 )September 22 –Philip Milledoler , American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d.1852 )September 23 –Jens Christian Berg , Norwegian lawyer and historian (d.1852 )September 24 –Nathan Heald , officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d.1832 )September 25 –Pierre Flor , Norwegian politician (d.1848 )September 26 –James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam , British peer and Member of Parliament (d.1845 )September 29 September 30 –Robert Adrain , Irish-born American mathematician (d.1843 )October 2 –Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore , Irish politician (d.1857 )October 3 –Isaac von Sinclair , German writer and diplomat (d.1815 )October 6 –Johann Anton André , German composer and music publisher (d.1842 )October 7 October 9 October 12 October 13 –John Wentworth Loring , British Royal Navy admiral (d.1852 )October 14 –Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat , Scottish general (d.1832 )October 15 October 17 –Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad , Norwegian politician (d.1866 )October 18 October 19 October 21 October 23 –Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer , German architect (d.1842 )October 24 –Bahadur Shah II , Mughal emperor (d.1862 )October 26 October 30 November 1 –Christian Adolph Diriks , Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d.1837 )November 2 November 3 –Edward Paget , British Army general (d.1849 )November 4 –Pierre Capelle , French chansonnier (d.1851 )November 6 –August Wilhelm Hartmann , Danish composer (d.1850 )November 7 –Joseph Fox , English dental surgeon (d.1816 )November 8 November 9 –Daniel Waldron , American businessman (d.1821 )November 10 –James Elliot , American politician (d.1839 )November 11 –Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg , Norwegian farmer and politician (d.1848 )November 13 November 14 –Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach , German legal scholar (d.1833 )November 15 –James Carnahan , American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d.1859 )November 19 November 20 –Gustav Anton von Seckendorff , German author (d.1823 )November 21 –Josef Servas d'Outrepont , German obstetrician (d.1845 )November 23 November 24 –Peter Buell Allen , politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d.1833 )November 25 November 27 November 28 November 29 –Marie Antoine de Reiset , French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d.1836 )November 30 –Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier , French magistrate and politician (d.1835 )December 2 –Joseph Denis Odevaere , Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d.1830 )December 5 –Abijah Bigelow , American politician (d.1860 )December 6 December 10 December 11 –Peter Little , American politician (d.1830 )December 13 –Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger , Prussian statesman (d.1843 )December 14 December 15 –Phineas Riall , British Army general (d.1850 )December 16 December 17 –Carlo Rossi , Russian architect (d.1849 )December 20 December 21 –Julien-Joseph Virey , French naturalist and anthropologist (d.1846 )December 25 December 26 –Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot , French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d.1813 )December 28 Date unknown –Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin , French balloonist and parachutist (d.1847 ) 1776
January 1 –James M. Broom , American politician (d.1850 )January 2 –Jeremiah Chaplin , American Reformed Baptist theologian (d.1841 )January 3 –Thomas Morris , American politician (d.1844 )January 4 January 6 January 8 –Thomas Langlois Lefroy , Irish politician (d.1869 )January 9 –Ludwig Rhesa , Prussian scholar (d.1840 )January 10 –George Birkbeck , English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d.1841 )January 15 –Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh , Roman-born British prince (d.1834 )January 16 January 17 (bapt.) –Jane Porter , English novelist (d.1850 )January 21 January 23 –Howard Douglas , British Army general (d.1861 )January 24 January 25 –Joseph Görres , German writer and journalist (d.1848 )January 29 –William Bowie , American agrarian (d.1826 )February 4 February 11 –Ioannis Kapodistrias , Governor of Greece (d.1831 )February 12 February 14 –Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck , prolific German botanist (d.1858 )February 15 –Jean-Pierre Boyer , President of Haiti (d.1850 )February 16 –Abraham Raimbach , British engraver (d.1843 )February 17 February 18 –Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke , German general (d.1830 )February 20 –Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca , Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d.1846 )February 21 –Joseph Barss , Canadian privateer, sea captain (d.1824 )February 23 February 25 –George William Tighe , English expatriate (d.1837 )February 26 February 28 –François Quirouet , Canadian politician (d.1844 )March 1 March 3 –James Parker , American politician (d.1868 )March 4 –Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest , Russian army commander (d.1814 )March 5 –Gerard Troost , American mineralogist (d.1850 )March 6 –Luigi Lambruschini , Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1854 )March 7 –Timothy Ruggles , Canadian politician (d.1831 )March 8 March 9 March 10 March 12 –Lady Hester Stanhope , English archaeologist (d.1839 )March 16 –Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen , Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (d.1845 )March 15 –Aimé Picquet du Boisguy , French chouan general during the French Revolution (d.1839 )March 17 –Joel Abbot , American politician (d.1826 )March 19 –Philemon Beecher , American politician (d.1839 )March 20 March 21 –John Frederick Frelinghuysen , United States general (d.1833 )March 23 March 24 –Zusho Hirosato , Japanese samurai (d.1849 )March 27 –Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel , French botanist, politician (d.1854 )March 30 –Vasily Tropinin , Russian artist (d.1857 )March 31 –Joseph Küffner , German musician, composer (d.1856 )April 1 April 3 April 6 –Jesse Bledsoe , American politician (d.1836 )April 11 April 12 April 13 –Wilhelm von Schütz , German author, playwright (d.1847 )April 15 –John Anstruther-Thomson , Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d.1833 )April 17 –Jean-François Roger , French poet, politician (d.1842 )April 20 April 25 April 27 April 28 May 4 –Johann Friedrich Herbart , German philosopher, psychologist (d.1841 )May 5 –Valentine Efner , American politician (d.1865 )May 6 May 8 May 9 –Thomas Maguire , Canadian Catholic priest (d.1854 )May 10 –George Thomas Smart , English musician (d.1867 )May 12 –José de La Mar , military leader, President of Peru (d.1830 )[ 121] May 13 –Jett Thomas , American militia general (d.1817 )May 17 –Amos Eaton , American botanist (d.1842 )May 18 –Dennis Pennington , American politician (d.1854 )May 20 May 29 –Peter Erasmus Müller , Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d.1834 )May 31 –José Antonio de la Garza , American mayor (d.1851 )June 1 June 4 –Isaac B. Van Houten , American politician (d.1850 )June 6 –William Reed , American politician (d.1837 )June 8 –Thomas Rickman , English architect, architectural antiquary (d.1841 )John Constable June 11 –John Constable , English landscape painter (d.1837 )June 12 June 19 –Francis Johnson , American politician (d.1842 )June 21 June 23 –Stephen Longfellow , American politician (d.1849 )June 28 –Charles Mathews , English actor (d.1835 )June 29 –George Okill Stuart , Canadian clergyman (d.1862 )July 1 July 3 –Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton , Anglo-Irish politician (d.1842 )July 4 July 5 July 10 –Samuel Powell , American politician (d.1841 )July 11 –William Bradbery , English entrepreneur (d.1860 )July 12 –John Christian , Manx judge (d.1852 )July 13 –Caroline of Baden , Queen of Bavaria (d.1841 )July 14 –Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil , French soldier (d.1832 )July 16 July 17 –John Neilson , Canadian politician (d.1848 )July 18 –John Struthers , Scottish poet (d.1853 )July 20 –Ignaz Schuppanzigh , Austrian musician (d.1830 )July 22 July 26 –Pierre Fouquier , French physician, professor of medicine (d.1850 )July 29 –James McSherry , American politician (d.1849 )July 30 –Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet , British general (d.1853 )August 1 August 2 August 4 –Pierre-Simon Ballanche , French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d.1847 )August 5 August 6 –William Crooks , Canadian politician (d.1836 )August 9 August 12 August 13 –Abraham Shepherd , American politician (d.1847 )August 14 August 15 August 16 August 18 August 21 August 22 –Carlo Amati , Italian architect (d.1852 )August 23 August 25 –Thomas Bladen Capel , British admiral (d.1853 )August 26 August 27 –Barthold Georg Niebuhr , Danish-German statesman, historian (d.1831 )August 29 –Georg Friedrich Treitschke , German librettist (d.1842 )September 1 September 3 –Étienne Mayrand , Canadian politician (d.1872 )September 4 –Stephen Whitney , American merchant (d.1860 )September 5 –Augustus Simon Frazer , French-born British Army officer (d.1835 )September 8 September 9 September 11 –Thomas Arbuthnot , British Army general (d.1849 )September 15 September 17 –Langdon Cheves , American politician (d.1857 )September 18 –Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen , English politician (d.1825 )September 21 September 27 October 1 –Augustus Warren Baldwin , Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d.1866 )October 3 –Thomas Walsh , Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d.1849 )October 4 October 6 October 8 –Pieter van Os , Dutch painter, engraver (d.1839 )October 12 –Jean-Michel Mahé , French Navy officer, captain (d.1833 )October 13 October 14 October 18 –Cowles Mead , American politician (d.1844 )October 20 –John Rolls of The Hendre , British judge (d.1837 )October 21 –George Izard , United States general (d.1828 )October 22 –Edward Draper , British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d.1841 )October 25 –Patrick Neill , Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d.1851 )October 28 –Joachim Haspinger , Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d.1858 )October 30 October 31 –Francis Locke Jr. , American politician (d.1823 )November 1 –Abraham McClellan , American politician (d.1851 )November 5 –Abraham Teerlink , Dutch painter (d.1857 )November 7 November 10 November 11 –Philip E. Thomas , American banker, railroad executive (d.1861 )November 14 –Henri Dutrochet , French physician (d.1847 )November 15 November 17 November 20 November 24 November 29 –Harcourt Lees , Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d.1852 )November 30 December 1 December 2 –Louis Alexis Baudoin , French naval officer (d.1805 )December 3 December 5 –Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck , German surgeon (d.1851 )December 6 –Theodorick Bland , United States federal judge (d.1846 )December 7 –Reuben Whallon , American politician (d.1843 )December 8 December 10 December 12 –Nicholas Conyngham Tindal , English lawyer, politician (d.1846 )December 13 –James Hawkes , American politician (d.1865 )December 14 –Ingelbrecht Knudssøn , Norwegian politician (d.1826 )December 16 December 19 December 20 –José María del Castillo y Rada , President of Colombia (d.1833 )December 25 –John Slater , American businessman (d.1843 )December 26 –Charles Hamilton Smith , British artist (d.1859 )December 27 –Nikolay Kamensky , Russian general (d.1811 )December 29 –Gustaf af Wetterstedt , Swedish politician (d.1837 )December 30 –William Drayton , American politician (d.1846 )December 31 –Johann Spurzheim , German physician (d.1832 )1777 *January –William Barton , English cricketer (d.1825 )
January 2 –Christian Daniel Rauch , German sculptor (d.1857 )January 7 –Lorenzo Bartolini , Italian sculptor (d.1850 )January 11 –Vincenzo Borg , Maltese merchant, rebel leader (d.1837 )January 13 –Elisa Bonaparte , Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d.1820 )January 25 –Karoline Jagemann , German actor (d.1848)February 3 –John Cheyne , British physician, surgeon and author (d.1836 )February 10 –Amable Berthelot , Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d.1847 )February 12 February 18 –Andreas Arntzen , Norwegian politician (d.1837 )February 20 –Zacheus Burnham , Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d.1857 )February 26 –Matija Nenadović , Prime Minister of Serbia (d.1854 )March 3 –Adolphe Dureau de la Malle , French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d.1857 )March 10 –Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician) ,U.S. Representative (d.1840 )March 13 –Charles Lot Church , Nova Scotia politician (d.1864 )Roger B. Taney Carl Friedrich Gauss April 30 –Carl Friedrich Gauss , German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d.1855 )May 4 –Richard Bourke , Australian governor (d.1855 )May 8 –Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar , Finnish-Karelian folksinger (d.1846 )May 11 –Samuel Bridger , English cricketerMay 12 –Mary Reibey , Australian businessperson (d.1855 )May 18 –John George Children , British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d.1852 )June 1 –Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate , president of Chile (d.1841 )June 12 –Robert Clark , American politician (d.1837 )June 14 –Heman Allen (of Milton) ,U.S. Representative (d.1844 )June 15 –David Daniel Davis , British physician (d.1841 )June 22 June 23 –Frederick Bates , American politician (d.1825 )Paavo Ruotsalainen Hans Christian Ørsted Heinrich von Kleist November 7 –Richard Bassett (clergyman) , Welsh cleric (d.1852 )November 13 –Kunwar Singh , Leader during theIndian Rebellion of 1857 (d.1858 )November 14 –Nathaniel Claiborne , American politician (d.1859 )November 24 –Samuel Butts , American militia officer (d.1814 )December 1 –Thomas Bradford , British Army officer (d.1853 )December 4 –Juliette Récamier , French writer (d.1849 )December 10 –William Conner , American trader, politician (d.1855 )December 14 –Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon , Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d.1839 )December 15 –Agostino Aglio , Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d.1857 )December 16 –Madame Clicquot Ponsardin , French champagne producer (d.1866 )December 21 –John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll , Scottish peer, Whig politician (d.1847 )Alexander I of Russia Suleiman al-Halabi , Syrian student, assassin (d.1800 )Carlos Anaya , Uruguayan politician (d.1862 )Charles James Apperley , English sportsman, sporting writer (d.1843 )Carlo Armellini , Italian politician, activist and jurist (d.1863 )Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi , Ottoman mystic (d.1826 )Connell James Baldwin , Irish soldier, civil servant (d.1861 )Karl Friedrich Becker , German educator, historian (d.1806 )Vicente Benavides , Chilean soldier (d.1822 )John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d.1857 )William Bellinger Bulloch , U.S. Senator (d.1852 )Sophia Campbell , Australian artist (d.1833 )Abiel Chandler , U.S. philanthropist (d.1851 )John Claiborne , U.S. politician (d.1808 )Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac , French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d.1847 )Thomas Cochran (judge) , Canadian judge (d.1804 )Anselmo de la Cruz , Chilean political figure (d.1833 )Thomas Day , American judge (d.1855 )Benjamin D'Urban , British general, colonial administrator (d.1849 )Tu'i Malila , Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d.1965 )1778 *January 1
Thomas Lincoln January 6 –Thomas Lincoln , Farmer, Carpenter (d.1851 )January 7 –Anthony Todd Thomson , British dermatologist (d.1849 )January 9 –Thomas Brown , Scottish metaphysician (d.1820 )January 10 –Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante , Argentine politician (d.1851 )January 11 –Agathon Jean François Fain , French historian (d.1837 )January 12 –William Herbert , British politician (d.1847 )January 13 –Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet , British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d.1859 )January 15 –Joseph Adamy , Nassauian politician (d.1849 )January 16 January 17 Donald Macdonell , Canadian politician (d.1861 )George Black , Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d.1854 )January 18 –George Bellas Greenough , British geologist (d.1855 )January 20 –Louis Antoine François Baillon , French naturalist, collector (d.1855 )January 21 –Jeremiah O'Brien , American politician (d.1858 )January 23 –Alire Raffeneau Delile , French botanist (d.1850 )January 24 –Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry , England (d.1820 )January 25 –Matsudaira Norihiro , Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d.1839 )January 26 January 27 January 28 –James Tallmadge, Jr. , American politician (d.1853 )January 29 –John Williams , Tennessee politician (d.1837 )January 31 –Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky , Austrian statesman (d.1861 )February 1 –Joseph Richardson , American politician (d.1871 )February 2 –Mary Anne Talbot , British wartime cross-dresser (d.1808 )February 3 February 4 –Augustin Pyramus de Candolle , Swiss botanist (d.1841 )February 5 –Jan Nepomucen Umiński , Polish general (d.1851 )February 6 –Ugo Foscolo , Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d.1827 )[ 123] February 13 –William P. Van Ness , United States federal judge (d.1826 )February 14 –Fernando Sor , Spanish musician (d.1839 )February 16 February 19 February 22 José de San Martín February 25 –José de San Martín , Argentine general (d.1850 )March 1 March 2 March 3 March 4 March 6 March 8 –Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova , French soldier, diplomat (d.1853 )March 10 March 19 –Edward Pakenham , Irish-born British general (d.1815 )March 22 March 23 –Paul Traugott Meissner , Austrian chemist (d.1864 )March 24 March 25 –Sophie Blanchard , French aeronaut (d.1819 )March 26 –Edward Blakeney , British Army officer (d.1868 )March 28 –Ludvig Stoud Platou , Norwegian politician (d.1833 )March 30 –Robert Moore , American politician (d.1831 )March 31 –Coenraad Jacob Temminck , Dutch zoologist (d.1858 )April 1 –Benjamin Jacob , British musician (d.1829 )April 3 –Pierre Bretonneau , French physician (d.1862 )April 7 –John J. Ely , Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d.1852 )April 9 William Hazlitt April 10 April 12 –John Strachan , Bishop of Toronto (d.1867 )April 14 –George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff , prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d.1858 )April 15 April 18 April 19 –Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle , main author of the extensiveWynne Diaries , wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d.1857 )April 23 –John Harvey , British Army general (d.1852 )April 24 –John Graham , soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d.1821 )April 27 –Henry Drury , English educator (d.1841 )April 28 –Adriaan van der Hoop , Dutch banker, politician (d.1854 )April 29 –Thomas Bateman , British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d.1821 )April 30 –Arvid David Hummel , Swedish entomologist (d.1836 )May 2 –Nathan Bangs , American Methodist theologian (d.1862 )May 3 –Samuel Freeze , Canadian politician (d.1844 )May 6 –Henry Phillpotts , English bishop (d.1869 )May 8 –Marie-Louise Coidavid , Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d.1851 )May 9 –Eli Ayers , Liberian politician (d.1822 )May 10 –William Ladd , American activist (d.1841 )May 12 –August Zeune , German educator (d.1853 )May 13 –Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d.1841 )May 17 –Benjamin Bowring , English watchmaker (d.1846 )May 18 May 19 May 25 –Claus Harms , German clergyman, theologian (d.1855 )May 29 –Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte , British politician (d.1860 )May 30 –Richard Skinner , American politician (d.1833 )May 31 –Horatio Seymour , American politician (d.1857 )June 2 –Jean Julien Angot des Rotours , French colonial governor (d.1844 )June 4 –Martin Parmer , American politician (d.1850 )June 6 –Edmund Varney , American politician (d.1847 )June 7 –David Willson , Canadian Quaker minister (d.1866 )June 11 –John Robison , British inventor (d.1843 )June 13 –Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d.1819 )June 14 –John Cushing Aylwin , United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d.1813 )Harry Croswell June 16 June 17 June 19 –Robert Allen , Tennessee politician (d.1844 )June 20 –Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac , moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d.1832 )June 22 –George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland , British politician (d.1867 )June 23 –Richard W. Meade , American merchant and art collector (d.1828 )June 26 –Mariya Svistunova , lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d.1866 )June 27 –Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet , British politician (d.1842 )June 28 July 2 –Daniel Wilson , Bishop of Calcutta (d.1858 )July 3 –Carl Ludvig Engel , German architect (d.1840 )July 6 –Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent , French scientist (d.1846 )July 7 –Beau Brummell , English man of fashion (d.1840 )[ 126] July 10 July 11 –Timothy Fuller , American politician (d.1835 )July 12 –Maria Dalle Donne ,Bolognese physician (d.1842 )July 13 –Samuel Stevens, Jr. , American politician (d.1860 )July 15 July 17 –Benjamin Isaacs , Connecticut politician (d.1846 )July 19 July 20 –Joshua Tetley , British brewer (d.1859 )July 28 –Charles Stewart , American naval commander (d.1869 )July 30 August 2 –Georg Anton Rollett , Austrian naturalist (d.1842 )August 5 –Otto Christian Blandow , German bryologist (d.1810 )August 8 –John Bonfoy Rooper , British landowner, MP (d.1855 )Friedrich Ludwig Jahn Bernardo O'Higgins Clemens Brentano September 9 –Clemens Brentano , German poet, novelist (d.1842 )[ 129] September 10 –Joshua Lawrence , American Baptist minister (d.1843 )September 12 –William Davidson , American politician (d.1857 )September 14 September 15 –Augustin Caron , Canadian politician (d.1862 )September 19 September 20 September 21 –Carl Ludwig Koch , German entomologist (d.1857 )September 24 –Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł , Polish-Lithuanian noble (d.1850 )September 25 September 26 –Jonathan Fisk , American politician (d.1832 )September 27 September 28 September 29 October 5 October 7 October 8 –Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen , French Catholic bishop (d.1839 )October 9 October 13 –William Marks , American politician (d.1858 )October 14 –Francis Fane , British Royal Navy admiral (d.1844 )October 19 –Valentine Blacker , Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d.1826 )October 22 –Javier de Burgos , Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d.1849 )[ 130] October 23 –Kittur Chennamma , Indian queen regnant (d.1829 )October 26 –Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg , British politician (d.1866 )October 28 –Ezekiel Blomfield , British minister (d.1818 )October 29 –William Creighton, Jr. , United States federal judge (d.1851 )October 30 –Benjamin Ames , American politician (d.1835 )October 31 November 1 November 3 –Karlo Lanza , Dalmatian politician (d.1834 )Giovanni Battista Belzoni November 5 November 8 –Joseph Signay , Canadian Catholic bishop (d.1850 )November 11 –Nils Astrup , Norwegian politician (d.1835 )November 14 November 15 November 16 –Johann Joseph von Prechtl , Austrian technologist (d.1854 )November 18 –Lord William Stuart , British politician (d.1814 )November 19 –Charles de Salaberry , Canadian politician (d.1829 )November 21 November 22 –Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull , Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d.1852 )November 23 November 24 –Salusbury Pryce Humphreys , British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d.1845 )November 25 November 26 November 28 November 29 –Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko , Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d.1843 )[ 131] November 30 –Andrés Guazurary , Argentine general (d.1825 )Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Humphry Davy Joseph Grimaldi 1779
Stephen Decatur Francis Scott Key January 5 –Stephen Decatur , American naval officer (d.1820 )January 18 –Peter Mark Roget , British lexicographer (d.1869 )February 1 –Nikolaus von Krufft , Austrian composer and civil servant (d.1818 )March 6 March 15 –William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.1848 )March 21 –José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle , Peruvian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Peru (d. 1825)[ 134] May 28 –Thomas Moore , Irish poet (d.1852 )June 20 –Dorothy Ann Thrupp , British psalmist, hymnwriter, translator (d.1847 )July 8 –Giorgio Pullicino , Maltese painter and architect (d.1851 )August 1 –Francis Scott Key , American lawyer, lyricist (d.1843 )August 8 –Benjamin Silliman , American chemist, educator and abolitionist (d.1864 )August 20 –Jöns Jacob Berzelius , Swedish chemist (d.1848 )August 29 –Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres , French painter (d.1867 )September 8 –Mustafa IV ,sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d.1808 )September 18 –Joseph Story ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1845 )November 14 –Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger , Danish poet (d.1850 )December 12 –Madeleine Sophie Barat , French Catholic saint, founder of theSociety of the Sacred Heart (d.1865 )December 24 –George Washington Lafayette date unknown –Giacomo Beltrami , Italian explorer (d.1855 )
Deaths 1770
January 7 –Carl Gustaf Tessin , Swedish politician (b.1695 )January 8 –John Michael Rysbrack , Flemish sculptor (b.1694 )January 20 –Charles Yorke , Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b.1722 )January 27 –Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl , 18th-century politician (b.1712 )January 30 –Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis , Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (b.1712 )January 27 –Philippe Macquer , French historian (b.1720 )February 26 –Giuseppe Tartini , Italian composer, violinist (b.1692 )March 5 –Crispus Attucks , African-American dockworker, first to die in theBoston Massacre (b.1723 )Giovanni Battista Tiepolo March 27 –Giovanni Battista Tiepolo , Venetian artist (b.1696 )April 27 –José Solís Folch de Cardona , Spanish colonial governor (b.1716 )April 25 –Jean-Antoine Nollet , French abbot, physicist (b.1700 )May 30 –François Boucher , French painter (b.1703 )June 22 –Philip Carteret Webb , English barrister (b.1702 )June 23 –Mark Akenside , English poet, physician (b.1721 )July 17 –Joseph Paris Duverney , French banker (b.1684 )July 21 –Charlotta Frölich , Swedish agronomist (b.1698 )July 27 –Robert Dinwiddie , British colonial Governor of Virginia (b.1693 )August 15 –Edward Antill (colonial politician) , American winemaker (b.1701 )August 24 –Thomas Chatterton , English poet (b.1752 )September 2 –Hongzhou , Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (b.1712 )September 9 –Bernhard Siegfried Albinus , German anatomist (b.1697 )September 22 –Ignatius of Santhià , Italian Catholic priest (b.1686 )George Whitefield September 30 October 14 –Benning Wentworth , colonial governor of New Hampshire (b.1696 )October 18 –John Manners, Marquess of Granby , British soldier (b.1721 )October 24 –William Bartram , American scientist and politician (b.1711 )[ 135] November 9 –John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll , Scottish politician (b. c.1693 )November 13 –George Grenville , Prime Minister of Great Britain (b.1712 )[ 136] November 24 –Charles-Jean-François Hénault , French historian (b.1685 )December 4 –John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont , Irish politician (b.1711 )December 5 –James Stirling , Scottish mathematician (b.1692 )December 6 –Neri Maria Corsini , Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (b.1685 )1771
Rev. Samuel Phillips Christopher Smart May 21 –Christopher Smart , English poet (b.1722 )May 27 –Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury , English philanthropist (b.1711 )[ 137] June 5 –Samuel Phillips (reverend) , colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of theSouth Church inAndover (b.1690 )June 8 –George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax , English statesman (b.1716 )July 14 –Chen Hongmou , Chinese scholar and philosopher (b.1696 )July 22 –William Whitmore (British Army officer) , British general (b.1714 )July 30 –Thomas Gray , English writer (b.1716 )September 13 –John Gambold , British bishop (b.1711 )September 17 –Tobias Smollett , Scottish novelist (b.1721 )[ 138] October 31 –Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont , Roman Catholic bishop (b.1716 )November 4 –Charles Lucas (politician) , Irish apothecary (b.1713 )November 6 –John Bevis , English physician, astronomer (b.1695 )November 13 –Konrad Ernst Ackermann , German actor (b.1712 )Giovanni Battista Morgagni 1772
Emanuel Swedenborg March 29 –Emanuel Swedenborg , Swedish philosopher and mathematician (b.1688 )April 28 –Johann Friedrich Struensee , Danish royal physician andde facto regent, executed (b.1737 )May 1 –Gottfried Achenwall , German statistician (b.1719 )May 22 –Durastante Natalucci , Italian historian (b.1687 )June 15 –Louis-Claude Daquin , French composer (b.1694 )June 18 June 22 –François-Vincent Toussaint , French writer most famous forLes Mœurs (The Manners) (b.1715 )August 31 –William Borlase , English naturalist (b.1695 )September 30 –James Brindley , English canal builder (b.1716 )October 7 –John Woolman , American Quaker preacher, abolitionist (b.1720 )Jean-Joseph de Mondonville October 8 –Jean-Joseph de Mondonville , French violinist, composer (b.1711 )October 14 –Benjamin Green , Canadian merchant and judge (b.1713 )October 16 –Ahmad Shah Durrani , Afghan founder of the Durrani Empire (cancer) (b.1724 )October 19 –Andrea Belli , Maltese architect, businessman (b.1703 )November 10 –Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção , Portuguese poet (b.1724 )November 18 –Madhavrao I , ruler of India (b.1745 )November 19 –William Nelson , American colonial governor of Virginia (b.1711 )December 4 –Dov Ber of Mezeritch , the Great Maggid, a preacher and founder ofHasidism .December 7 –Martín Sarmiento , Spanish writer, scholar (b.1695 )[ 140] date unknown –Panna Cinka , Hungarian violinist (b.1711 )1773
Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield March 24 March 20 –Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben , German noble (b.1715 )May 8 –Ali Bey Al-Kabir , Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b.1728 )May 15 –Alban Butler , English Catholic priest, writer (b.1710 )May 28 –John Wayles , American lawyer and planter (b.1715 )June 21 –Jorge Juan y Santacilia , Spanish geodesist (b.1713 )June 27 –Mentewab , dowager Empress ofEthiopia (b. c.1706 )July 5 –Francisco José Freire , Portuguese historian, philologist (b.1719 )July 12 –Johann Joachim Quantz , German flutist, composer (b.1697 )July 23 –George Edwards , English ornithologist and naturalist (b.1694 )July 25 –Axel Löwen , Swedish duke (b.1686 )August 3 –Stanisław Konarski , Polish writer (b.1700 )August 19 August 20 –Enrique Florez , Spanish historian (b.1701 )September 23 –Johan Ernst Gunnerus , Norwegian bishop and botanist (b.1718 )October 14 –Septimanie d'Egmont , Frenchsalonist (b.1740 )October 30 –Philippe de La Guêpière , French architect (b.1725 )November 2 –John Glas , Scottish minister (b.1695 )November 7 –Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine , French royal (b.1714 )Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz 1774
Mustafa III died21 January Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken died30 March Oliver Goldsmith died4 April Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich died23 April Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn died26 April William Hewson died1 May Louis XV died10 May Joseph Gerrish died3 June Joshua Kirby died20 June Anna Morandi Manzolini died9 July Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland died24 July Johann Jakob Reiske died14 August Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong died21 August Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder died18 September Pope Clement XIV died22 September Willem Bentinck van Rhoon died13 October Robert Fergusson died16 October Abraham Tucker died20 November Johann Siegmund Popowitsch died21 November Henry Baker died25 November Deborah Read died19 December Paul Whitehead (satirist) died20 December February 1 –Johann Heinrich Zopf , German historian (b.1691 )February 4 –Charles Marie de La Condamine , French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b.1701 )February 8 –Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg , British peer (b.1699 )February 17 –Robert Jones , English politician (b.1704 )February 18 –Karl Michael von Attems , Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b.1711 )February 25 –Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe , German general (b.1704 )February 27 –Knud Leem , Norwegian priest and linguist (b.1697 )February 28 –Anthony Askew , English physician and book collector (b.1722 )March 1 –Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud , French actor (b.1706 )March 2 –William Talbot , English evangelical clergyman (b.1717 )March 3 –Andrew Oliver , American merchant and public official (b.1706 )March 4 –William Boys , Royal Navy officer (b.1700 )March 5 –Georg Joachim Mark , German theologian (b.1726 )March 7 –Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini , Catholic cardinal (b.1683 )March 10 –William Browne , English physician (b.1692 )March 18 –Matthew Fetherstonhaugh , British politician (b.1714 )March 19 –Lucas Ramírez Galán , Roman Catholic archbishop (b.1715 )March 21 –Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete , Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b.1696 )March 25 March 30 –Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken , German noble (b.1721 )April 1 –Claudius Amyand , English politician (b.1718 )April 4 –Oliver Goldsmith , Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b.1728 )April 5 –Situ Panchen , Tibetan lama and painter (b.1700 )April 11 –Elias Gottlob Haussmann , German artist (b.1695 )April 15 April 17 –John Winslow , British Army general (b.1703 )April 18 April 20 April 23 April 24 –Sara Banzet , French educator, diarist (b.1745 )April 25 –John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland , English Earl (b.1728 )April 26 –Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn , Dutch painter (b.1724 )April 28 –Gottfried Lengnich , historian and politician (b.1689 )April 29 –Eland Mossom , lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b.1709 )May 1 –William Hewson , British physiologist (b.1739 )May 3 –Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué , German general (b.1698 )May 4 May 6 –John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward , British politician (b.1704 )May 8 –Réginald Outhier , French astronomer and priest (b.1694 )May 10 May 12 –Giuseppe Antonio Luchi , Italian painter (b.1709 )May 17 –Jeremiah Theus , American artist (b.1716 )May 18 –William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland , English noble (b.1698 )May 23 –Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya , actor (b.1744 )May 26 –Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg , Austrian field marshal (b.1684 )July 1 –Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland , British politician (b.1705 )July 4 –William Price , Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b.1690 )July 8 –Brooke Forester , British politician (b.1717 )July 9 –Anna Morandi Manzolini , internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b.1714 )July 11 –Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet , Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b.1715 )July 13 –Otto von Münchhausen , German botanist (b.1716 )July 14 July 17 –Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz , Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b.1711 )July 18 July 21 –Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond , Irish earl (b.1723 )July 24 July 25 –John Drummond , British private banker and politician (b.1723 )July 27 –Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin , German physician, botanist, and explorer (b.1744 )October 2 –Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui , Scholar and Roman Catholic bishop (b.1698 )October 8 –Philippe Caffieri , French sculptor (b.1714 )October 11 –Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis , French designer (b.1699 )October 12 –Tokugawa Haruaki , Japanese samurai (b.1753 )October 13 –Willem Bentinck van Rhoon , Dutch politician (b.1704 )October 15 –Dmitry Ukhtomsky , Russian architect (b.1719 )October 16 –Robert Fergusson , Scottish poet and writer (b.1750 )October 22 –William Molineux , Colonial American merchant (b.1718 )October 23 –Michel Benoist , French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b.1715 )October 27 –Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna , Italian painter (b.1686 )October 28 –Jean Löfblad , Swedish actor (b.1728 )October 29 –Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein , Jesuit missionary (b.1703 )October 31 November 1 –Johan Peter Falk , Swedish botanist (b.1732 )November 3 –Glocester Ridley , English writer (b.1702 )November 5 November 6 –Thomas Bradshaw , British Member of Parliament (b.1733 )November 13 –Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere , Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b.1708 )November 15 –Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham , British countess (b.1695 )November 16 –Francis Owen , British Member of Parliament (b.1745 )November 17 –Jean Althen , Armenian agronomist (b.1709 )November 20 –Abraham Tucker , English philosopher (b.1705 )November 21 –Johann Siegmund Popowitsch , Austrian botanist (b.1705 )November 22 November 23 –Gottfried Bernhard Göz , German artist (b.1708 )November 25 –Henry Baker , English naturalist (b.1698 )November 28 –Pierre de l'Estache , French sculptor (b.1688 )November 29 –Gabriel de Clieu , Guadeloupean politician (b.1687 )November 30 December 2 –Johann Friedrich Agricola , German composer (b.1720 )December 5 –Karunai Prakasar , Spiritual writer and philosopher (b.1756 )December 13 –Guillaume du Tillot , French politician (b.1711 )December 16 December 17 –Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum , Prussian army officer (b.1716 )December 19 –Deborah Read , spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b.1708 )December 20 –Paul Whitehead , British satirist (b.1710 )December 21 –Thomas Broughton , English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b.1704 )December 23 –Francesco Maria Preti , architect (b.1701 )December 24 –Peter Fenger , Danish merchant (b.1719 )December 26 December 27 December 29 December 30 –Antoniotto Botta Adorno , high officer (b.1688 )December 31 –Johann Christoph Handke , Czech painter (b.1694 )1775
John Baskerville died8 January Yemelyan Pugachev died10 January Shuja-ud-Daula died26 January Claude Pouteau died10 February William Small died25 February Empress Xiaoyichun died28 February Anne Catherine Hoof Green died23 March Jan Caspar Philips died24 April Peter Boehler died27 April Benjamin Dass died5 May Caroline Matilda of Great Britain died10 May Samuel of Constantinople died10 May Egidio Duni died11 June Ignaz Günther died27 June Szymon Czechowicz died21 July Zahir al-Umar died21 August Felipe de Castro died25 August John Parker (captain) died17 September Polixénia Daniel died24 September Fukuda Chiyo-ni died2 October Christian August Crusius died18 October Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg died21 October Gabriel François Venel died29 October Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort died6 November Giovanni Bianchi (physician) died3 December Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc died15 December January 1 –Ahmad Shah Bahadur , 13th Mughal Emperor (b.1725 )January 2 January 3 January 6 –Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari , Sindhi Sufi poet (b.1713 )January 8 –John Baskerville , British printer (b.1706 )January 10 January 11 January 13 –Johann Georg Walch , German theologian (b.1693 )January 14 –Peter Schenk the Younger , Dutch engraver and map publisher in Leipzig (b.1693 )January 15 –Giovanni Battista Sammartini , Italian composer (b.1700 )January 17 –Vincenzo Riccati , Venetian mathematician and physicist (b.1707 )January 20 January 21 –Isaac de Forcade de Biaix , Prussian colonel (b.1704 )January 25 January 26 January 29 –Henry Willoughby, 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham , Peer in House of Lords (b.1696 )February 1 –Nicholas Herbert , British Member of Parliament (b.1706 )February 2 –Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet , British politician (b.1685 )February 4 –John Ryder , Irish Anglican bishop (b.1697 )February 5 –Eusebius Amort , German Roman Catholic theologian (b.1692 )February 6 –William Dowdeswell , British politician (b.1721 )February 7 –Mary Butterworth , British counterfeiter in colonial America (b.1686 )February 9 –Princess Hejing , manchu princess of the Qing Dynasty (b.1756 )February 10 –Claude Pouteau , French surgeon and inventor (b.1724 )February 15 February 16 –Jean-Baptiste Vivien de Châteaubrun , French dramatist and playwright (b.1686 )February 24 –Ferdinando Colonna of Stigliano, 2nd Prince of Sonnino (b.1695 )February 25 –William Small , Scottish physician and professor of natural philosophy (b.1734 )February 28 March 2 –Nikolaos Doxaras , Greek artist (b.1710 )March 3 –Richard Dunthorne , British astronomer (b.1711 )March 5 –Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy , French actor and dramatist (b.1727 )March 6 March 7 March 20 –Pedro Antonio Barroeta y Ángel , Spanish Catholic priest, Archbishop of Lima, Archbishop of Granada (b.1701 )March 21 –Thomas Penn , son of William Penn, founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b.1702 )March 22 March 23 –Anne Catherine Hoof Green , American printer and publisher (b.1720 )March 30 March 31 –Samuel Heathcote , British Member of Parliament (b.1699 )April 4 –René Charles de Maupeou , French statesman (b.1688 )April 5 –Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen , Prince Bishop of Basel (b.1693 )April 7 –Sir Anthony Abdy, 5th Baronet , 5th Abdy Baronet (b.1720 )April 10 April 11 April 12 April 14 –Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach , Landgravine and Carmelite nun (b.1697 )April 16 –William Leyborne Leyborne , governor of the Windward Islands (b.1744 )April 19 –Isaac Davis , American gunsmith and militia officer (b.1745 )April 24 –Jan Caspar Philips , engraver from the Northern Netherlands (b.1690 )April 26 –Josiah Quincy II , American lawyer (b.1744 )April 27 –Peter Boehler , Moravian missionary (b.1712 )April 30 May 1 –Israel Lyons , English mathematician and botanist (b.1739 )May 2 May 3 –George Boscawen , British Army general (b.1712 )May 5 May 7 –Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel , German organist and composer (b.1697 )May 9 May 10 May 15 May 16 –Ulla von Liewen , Swedish courtier and baroness (b.1747 )May 17 –Carlo Carlone , painter (b.1686 )May 18 May 25 –Karl Gottlieb Guichard , German writer (b.1724 )May 27 –Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon , French noblewoman (b.1693 )May 28 –Barlow Trecothick , English merchant and politician (b.1719 )May 30 –Jean Capperonnier , French classical scholar (b.1716 )June 5 –Giovanni Gaetano Bottari , Italian scholar and critic (b.1689 )June 6 –Sir Charles Burton, 1st Baronet , Anglo-Irish politician (b.1702 )June 11 –Egidio Duni , Italian composer (b.1708 )June 15 –Asa Pollard , American soldier (b.1735 )June 17 June 19 –Andrew Barclay , Scottish-American merchant (b.1719 )June 21 –Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Saarbrücken (b.1712 )June 23 June 26 –Aryeh Leib Epstein , Polish rabbi (b.1708 )June 27 June 29 –Anna Smitshuizen , Dutch prostitute, victim of a cause célèbre murder (b.1751 )June 30 –Charles Maynard, 1st Viscount Maynard , British noble (b.1690 )July 3 –Thomas Gardner , American politician and colonel (b.1724 )July 11 –Simon Boerum , American Continental Congressman (b.1724 )July 13 July 15 –Servais Duriau , Belgian Cistercian monk (b.1701 )July 18 –Joseph Knight , senior Royal Navy officer, served as East Indies Station (b. c.1708 )July 20 –Enrico Albrici , Italian painter (b.1714 )July 21 July 22 –Thomas Lockhart , politician (b.1739 )July 24 –John Pollen , British Member of Parliament (b.1702 )August 4 –Sir Gregory Page, 2nd Baronet , English art collector and landowner (b.1689 )August 5 –Maharaja Nandakumar , tax official (b.1705 )August 9 –Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky , Prussian merchant, art dealer and diplomat (b.1710 )August 10 Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b.1741 ) César de Missy , Prussian book collector and theologian (b.1703 )August 12 –Remember Baker , American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b.1737 )August 13 –Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski , Polish nobleman (b.1696 )August 14 –Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande , Dutch governor of the colonies of Essequibo and Demerara (b.1704 )August 16 –Jakob Langebek , Danish historian (b.1710 )August 21 –Zahir al-Umar , Arab ruler of northern Palestine (b.1689 )August 25 –Felipe de Castro , Spanish sculptor (b.1711 )August 27 –James Burgh , British Whig politician and writer (b.1714 )August 28 –James Habersham , Merchant and politician in the British colony of Georgia (b.1712 )August 29 –Francesco Sleter , Italian painter (b.1685 )August 30 –George Faulkner , Irish publisher and bookseller (b.1699 )September 2 –Antoine Touron , French historian (b.1686 )September 4 –Al-Mahdi Abbas , Imam of Yemen (b.1719 )September 6 –Jean-Baptiste Bullet , French writer (b.1699 )September 8 –John Conyers , English politician (b.1717 )September 12 –Charles-Louis Mion , French composer (b.1699 )September 13 September 14 –Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko , Court Marshal of Lithuania (b.1712 )September 16 –Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst , English privy councillor (b.1684 )September 17 September 21 –Abel Prescott Jr. , American Patriot (b.1749 )September 23 –John Bentinck , British naval officer, inventor and MP (b.1737 )September 24 September 28 –Ukawsaw Gronniosaw , writer and enslaved man (b.1710 )October 2 –Fukuda Chiyo-ni , Japanesehaiku poet and Buddhist nun (b.1703 )October 3 –Cluer Dicey , English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b.1715 )October 5 –Amos Adams , Anglican clergy (b.1728 )October 10 –Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières , Marshal of France (b.1711 )October 13 –James Cholmondeley , British Army officer, Member of Parliament (b.1708 )October 14 –Gilles Joubert , French master cabinetmaker (b.1689 )October 16 October 18 October 20 –Sir John Molesworth, 5th Baronet , British Member of Parliament (b.1729 )October 21 October 22 –Peyton Randolph , planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b.1721 )October 27 –Johan Maurits Mohr , Dutch-German pastor and astronomer (b.1716 )October 29 –Gabriel François Venel , French chemist (b.1723 )November 1 –Pierre-Joseph Bernard , French writer (b.1708 )November 2 –Noble Jones , British American politician (b.1702 )November 3 –Juan José Pérez Hernández , Spanish explorer (b.1725 )November 5 November 6 November 7 November 9 –Francisco Ximénez de Tejada , Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of theKnights Hospitaller (b.1703 )November 12 –John Smith , English politician (b.1727 )November 13 –Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré , French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b.1705 )November 21 –John Hill , English author and botanist (b.1716 )November 22 –Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon , French dramatist and writer (b.1708 )November 24 –Lorenzo Ricci , Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b.1703 )November 25 November 28 – Thomas Elfe, British cabinet-maker (b.1719 )November 29 –Juan Curiel , Spanish intellectual and politician (b.1690 )December 3 –Giovanni Bianchi , Italian physician and zoologist (b.1693 )December 7 December 8 –Josef Ignaz Mildorfer , Austrian painter (b.1719 )December 9 December 15 December 16 –Gustavus Hamilton , Irish painter (b.1739 )December 20 –Sigismund Streit , German art collector (b.1687 )December 21 –Theresa Parker , English art patron (b.1745 )December 28 December 31 1776
James Gabriel Montresor John Harrison Jacques Saly Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach David Hume January 6 –James Gabriel Montresor , British military engineer (b.1704 )January 8 –James Frye , colonial soldier (b.1709 )January 12 –Johann Philipp Murray , German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b.1726 )January 14 –Edward Cornwallis , British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b.1713 )January 21 –Jacques de Romas , French physicist (b.1713 )February 13 –Élisabeth Catherine Ballard (b.1704 )February 18 –Lady Anne Monson , English botanist (b.1726 )March 4 –Johann Georg Ziesenis , German – Danish portrait painter (b.1716 )March 5 –Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville , French magistrate and scholar (b.1693 )March 7 –John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b.1737 )March 10 March 24 –John Harrison , English clockmaker (b.1693 )March 26 –Samuel Ward , American politician (b.1725 )March 29 –Johann Gotthelf Lindner , German university teacher and writer (b.1729 )March 30 –Jonathan Belcher , British-American lawyer (b.1710 )March 31 –Jane Randolph Jefferson , wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b.1720 )April 7 –Charles-Pierre Colardeau , French poet (b.1732 )April 19 –Jacob Emden , leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b.1697 )April 20 –Olivier de Vézin (b.1707 )April 29 –Edward Wortley Montagu , English traveller and writer (b.1713 )May 4 –Jacques Saly , French sculptor (b.1717 )May 6 –James Kent , English organist and composer (b.1700 )May 7 –Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria , Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b.1734 )May 23 –Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse , French salon holder (b.1732 )May 25 –Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b.1711 )May 30 –Albert Frick , German theologian (b.1714 )June 2 – Continental Army GeneralJohn Thomas , from smallpox (b.1724 )June 10 June 13 –Elizabeth Scott , British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b.1708 )June 20 –Benjamin Huntsman , English inventor, manufacturer (b.1704 )July 7 –Jeremiah Markland , English classical scholar (b.1693 )July 10 –Richard Peters , English-born American clergyman (b.1704 )July 15 –Richard Bampfylde , British politician (b.1722 )July 16 –Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach , Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b.1696 )July 21 –Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal , German industrialist (b.1683 )August 1 August 2 –Louis François, Prince of Conti , French military leader (b.1717 )August 14 –Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b.1721 )August 25 –David Hume , Scottish philosopher (b.1711 )August 27 –William Stark , Revolutionary War era officer (b.1724 )August 29 –Joseph Arnold , pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b.1710 )September 1 –Angelica Le Gru Perotti , Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b.1719 )September 6 –Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII , twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b.1759 )September 22 –Nathan Hale , American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b.1755 )September 24 –Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan , Anglo-Irish peer (b.1685 )September 28 –Cadwallader Colden , physician (b.1688 )October 3 –Ayşe Sultan , Ottoman princess (b.1713 )October 10 –Karl Gotthelf von Hund , German Freemason (b.1722 )October 15 –John Ellis , naturalist (b.1710 )October 17 –Pierre François le Courayer , French theologian (b.1681 )October 28 –Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen , Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b.1760 )October 30 –Simón de Anda y Salazar , Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b.1709 )November 15 –Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba , Spanish duke (b.1714 )November 17 –James Ferguson , Scottish astronomer (b.1710 )November 23 –Théophile de Bordeu , French physician (b.1722 )December 5 –Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland , British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b.1716 )December 10 –Robert Hay Drummond , Archbishop of York (b.1711 )December 13 –Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b.1732 )December 25 –John Gabriel Jones , colonial American pioneer and politician (b.1752 )date unknown –Muhammad al-Warghi , Tunisian writer and poet (b. c.1713 )1777
Enrichetta d'Este Pierre-Herman Dosquet Cornelia Schlosser Consort Shu Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet January 10 –Spranger Barry , Irish actor (b.1719 )January 12 –Hugh Mercer ,American Revolutionary War officer, mortally wounded in battle (b.1726 )January 13 –James Rait , Anglican clergyman, Scottish Episcopal Church Bishop of Brechin 1742–1777 (b.1689 )January 27 –Hubert de Brienne , French naval commander (b.1690 )January 30 –Enrichetta d'Este , Duchess of Parma (b.1702 )February 9 February 11 –Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto , Scottish statesman, philosopher and poet (b.1722 )February 24 – KingJoseph I of Portugal (b.1714 )February 28 –Joab Hoisington , American major (b.1736 )March 1 March 2 –Empress Xiaoshengxian , mother of the ChineseQianlong Emperor of China (b.1692 )March 4 –Pierre-Herman Dosquet , 4th bishop of Quebec (b.1691 )March 6 –Jeremias Friedrich Reuß , German theologian (b.1700 )March 10 –John the Painter , British criminal (b.1752 )March 20 –Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart , French Roman Catholic Cardinal (b.1708 )March 23 –Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet , Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b.1685 )March 31 –Richard Terrick , Church of England clergyman, Bishop of Peterborough 1757–1764 and Bishop of London 1764–1777 (b.1710 )April 7 –Anna Chamber , British noblewoman and poet (b.1709 )April 29 –Antonio Joli , Italian painter ofvedute andcapricci (b.1700 )May 5 –Raphael Hayyim Isaac Carregal , Palestinian rabbi preaching in the Americas (b.1733 )May 7 –Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay , marine captain and colonial administrator in New France (b.1708 )May 9 –Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford , Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b.1715 )May 11 –George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot , British governor of Madras (b.1719 )May 19 –Button Gwinnett , a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence (b.1735 )May 22 –David Wooster , American general in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War (b.1711 )May 28 –William Douglas , American military officer, leading regiments from Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War (b.1742 )May 31 –Henry Fane of Wormsley , English politician (b.1703 )June 8 –Cornelia Schlosser , sister and only sibling of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to survive to adulthood (b.1750 )June 21 –Georg Friedrich Meier , German philosopher and aesthetician (b.1718 )July 4 –Consort Shu , consort of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor (b.1728 )July 13 –Guillaume Coustou the Younger , French artist (b.1716 )August 14 August 23 –Celia Grillo Borromeo ,Italian scientist,mathematician (b.1684 )August 30 –John Clavering , British Army officer (b.1722 )September 7 –Tekle Haymanot II , emperor of Ethiopia (b.1754 )September 16 –Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt , English landowner, diplomat, general and Viceroy of India (b.1714 )September 18 –Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz , wife of Frederick (b.1710 )September 19 –Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria (b.1747 )September 20 –Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk , British peer (b.1686 )September 22 –John Bartram , American botanist (b.1699 )September 25 –Johann Heinrich Lambert , Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b.1728 )October 3 –Jeremias van Riemsdijk , Dutch colonial governor (b.1712 )October 4 –Francis Nash , American brigadier general, killed at theBattle of Germantown (b. c.1742 )October 6 –Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin , French salon holder (b.1699 )October 7 –Simon Fraser of Balnain , Scottish general during the American Revolutionary War, killed in battle (b.1729 )October 21 –Samuel Foote , English dramatist and actor (b.1720 )October 22 –Friedrich Baum , German dragoon Lieutenant Colonel of Brunswick in British service during the American Revolutionary War (b.1748 )October 25 –Carl von Donop , Hessian colonel fighting in the American Revolutionary War (b.1732 )October 27 –Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon , French cardinal-archbishop and Grand Almoner (b.1697 )October 30 –John Hart , American militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (b.1706 )November 1 –Jonathan Hampton , American colonial surveyor (b.1712 )November 6 –Bernard de Jussieu , French naturalist (b.1699 )November 10 –Cornstalk , Shawnee chief (b. c.1720 )November 13 –William Bowyer , English printer (b.1699 )November 17 –Pratap Singh Shah , 2nd king of Nepal (b.1751 )November 18 –Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley , English landowner and politician (b.1716 )December 9 –Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet , British Royal Navy officer (b. c.1704 )December 12 –Albrecht von Haller , Swiss anatomist and physiologist (b.1708 )December 25 –Charles Chauncey , English physician (b.1706 )December 26 December 27 –Frederick Keppel , Church of England clergyman (b.1728 )December 30 –Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria , Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Bavaria 1745–1777 (b.1727 )[ 143] 1778
Carl Linnaeus January 10 –Carl Linnaeus , Swedish botanist (b.1707 )February 18 –Joseph Marie Terray , French statesman (b.1715 )February 20 –Laura Bassi , Italian physicist and academic (b.1711 )February 27 –Alexander Murray of Elibank , fourth son of Alexander Murray (b.1712 )March 5 –Thomas Arne , English composer ofRule, Britannia! (b.1710 )March 7 –Charles De Geer , Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b.1720 )March 13 –Charles le Beau , French historian (b.1701 )April 8 –Pieter Teyler van der Hulst , Dutch businessman (b.1702 )April 22 –James Hargreaves , English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b.1720 )May 8 –Lorenz Christoph Mizler , German music historian, polymath (b.1711 )May 11 –William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham ,Prime Minister of Great Britain (b.1708 )[ 144] May 12 –Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil , seigneur and colonial army officer in New France, governor of Trois-Rivières (b.1701 )May 16 –Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness , English diplomat and politician (b.1718 )Voltaire Jean-Jacques Rousseau July 3 July 3 –Anna Maria Mozart , Austrian mother to theMozarts (b.1720 )July 4 –Ebenezer Kinnersley , American scientist (b.1711 )August 5 –Charles Clémencet , French historian (b.1703 )August 7 –Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet of England (b.1712 )August 12 –Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven , British general, politician (b.1714 )August 26 –Johan Augustin Mannerheim , Swedish nobleman and military leader (b.1706 )[ 148] October 1 –Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers , British Royal Navy admiral (b.1722 )October 6 –George Hay , British politician (b.1715 )October 11 –Saliha Sultan , daughter of Ottoman Sultan (b.1715 )October 24 –Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode , German politician, provost and author (b.1716 )November 9 November 11 –Anne Steele , English hymnwriter and essayist (b.1717 )[ 150] November 20 –Francesco Cetti , Italian Jesuit scientist (b.1726 )December 26 –Pedro Antonio de Cevallos , Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires (1757–1766) (b.1715 )December 30 –Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (b.1716 )date unknown –Thomas Johnson , English furniture maker (b.1714 )1779
James Cook Kazimierz Pułaski January 3 –Claude Bourgelat , French veterinary surgeon (b.1712 )January 20 –David Garrick , English actor (b.1717 )January 22 –Jeremiah Dixon , English surveyor, astronomer (b.1733 )February 7 –William Boyce , English composer (b.1711 )February 14 –James Cook , British naval captain and explorer (b.1728 )February 24 –Paul Daniel Longolius , German encyclopedist (b.1704 )April 7 –Martha Ray (b.1742 ), British singer and mistress of John Montagu, Earl of Sandwich (murdered) (b.1742 )April 9 –Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa , Spanish military officer (b.1717 )April 24 –Eleazar Wheelock , American founder of Dartmouth College (b.1711 )May 1 –Sarah Clayton , English industrialist (b.1712 )May 3 –John Winthrop , American astronomer (b.1714 )June 7 –William Warburton , English critic, Bishop of Gloucester (b.1698 )June 10 –Jane Gomeldon , English writer, poet and adventurer (b.1720 )June 16 –Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet , Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (b.1712 )June 23 – RasMikael Sehul , Enderase ofEthiopia (b.1692 )June 28 –Martha Daniell Logan , American botanist (b.1704 )June 29 –Anton Raphael Mengs , German-Bohemian painter (b.1728 )July 21 –Caleb Fleming , English dissenting minister, polemicist (b.1698 )August 26 –Henrika Juliana von Liewen , Swedish political salonnière (b.1709 )September 12 –Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple , English politician (b.1711 )October 11 –Kazimierz Pułaski , veteran commander of Polish, Russian, and American troops (b.1745 )November 16 –Pehr Kalm , Finnish explorer and naturalist (b.1716 )December 6 –Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin , French painter (b.1699 )December 8 –Nathan Alcock , English physician (b.1707 )December 16 –Emperor Go-Momozono of Japan (b.1758 )December 17 –Giuseppe Carcani , Italian composer (b.1703 )December 23 –Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol , British admiral and politician (b.1724 )^ Allen Jayne,Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p41 ^ "Bruce, James", inEncyclopædia Britannica , 11th Edition, Volume IV (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p676 ^ James Marten,Children in Colonial America (NYU Press, 2007) p173 ^ Gordon Carruth, ed.,The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp78-79 ^ Hinks, Arthur R. (1935). "Nautical time and civil date".The Geographical Journal 86 (2):153– 157.Bibcode :1935GeogJ..86..153H .doi :10.2307/1786590 .JSTOR 1786590 . ^ Helene Delalex; Alexandre Maral; Nicolas Milovanovic (2016).Marie-Antoinette ISBN 9781606064832 ^ "Nationalism and the Falkland Islands War" . Archived fromthe original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved2007-08-19 .^ "D/1770 L1 (Lexell)" .Gary W. Kronk's Cometography . Retrieved2012-07-02 .^ Rear, Marjorie (2015)."William Barker. Member of the Right Worshipful Levant Company 1731-1825. A Life in Smyrna" (PDF) . p. 30.Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. ^ Blondy, Alain; Labat Saint Vincent, Xavier (2014).Malte et Marseille au XVIIIème siècle ISBN 9781291435467 ^ Charles D. Rodenbough,Governor Alexander Martin: Biography of a North Carolina Revolutionary War Statesman (McFarland, 2004) p28 ^ Vincent Carretta,Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p78 ^ Leonore Loft,Passion, Politics, and Philosophie: Rediscovering J.-P. Brissot (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002) p55 ^ Dale K. Van Kley,The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560-1791 (Yale University Press, 1996) p249 ^ Antony Strugnell,Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought after the Encyclopedie (Martinus Nijhoff, 2012) p123 ^ Watson, Garth (1989).The Smeatonians: The Society of Civil Engineers . London: Thomas Telford.ISBN 0-7277-1526-7 ^ Roberts, Gwilym (1995).From Kendal's Coffee House to Great George Street . London: Thomas Telford.ISBN 0-7277-2022-8 ^ John T. 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Retrieved2011-04-09 . ^ Chambers, George Frederick (1877).A Handbook of Descriptive Astronomy 299 . ^ Mathes, W. Michael (1985). "The Camino Real: California's Mission Trail".Pioneer Trails West . Caxton Press. p. 82. ^ "The Revenue Administration of Bengal, 1765-86", by R. B. Ramsbotham, inThe Cambridge History of the British Empire , H. H. Dodwell, ed. (Cambridge University Press Archive, 1929) p. 413 ^ Samuel Fallows,Samuel Adams: A Character Sketch, with Anecdotes, Characteristics and Chronology (The University Association, 1898) p. 110 ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta,Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 (Sterling Publishers, 2005) p. 510 ^ Lewis L. Laska,The Tennessee State Constitution: A Reference Guide (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1990) p. 1 ^ Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 327 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ Persen, William (1955). "The Russian occupations of Beirut, 1772–74".Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society .42 (3– 4):275– 286.doi :10.1080/03068375508731555 . ^ Price, A. Grenfell, ed. (1971).The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific, as Told by Selections of His Own Journals, 1768-1779 . Courier Corporation. p. 107. ^ "Papandayan" .Global Volcanism Program .Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved2010-09-09 .^ Mellén Blanco, Francisco (1992)."Un diario inédito sobre la presencia española en Tahití (1774-1775)" .Revista Española del Pacífico (in Spanish) (2):109– 182. Retrieved24 May 2019 – viaCervantes Virtual . ^ John T. Alexander,Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (Oxford University Press, 1989) p159 ^ "Anders Sparrman, 1748—1820", inOceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond , ed. by Keith R. Benson and Philip F. Rehbock (University of Washington Press, 2002) p230 ^ Roza, Greg (2009).The Nitrogen Elements: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth 7–8 .ISBN 978-1-4358-5335-5 ^ Rabbi Moshe Taub (January 24, 2018). "The Shul Chronicles".Ami Magazine 106– 107. ^a b c Carruth, Gordon, ed. (1962).The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 79-81 . ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Burke, Edmund , ed. (1774).The Annual Register, or a View of the History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1773 . J. Dodsley. p. 25.^ Cook, James (1821).The Three Voyages of Captain James Cook round the World . Vol. III: Being the First of the Second Voyage. London: Longman, Hurst and Rees. pp. 122– 128. ^ Corman, Brian (2013).The Broadview Anthology of Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Comedy . Broadview Press. p. 359. ^a b c Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 327–328 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ Rose, William I.; et al., eds. 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Massie,Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman (Random House, 2011) p406 ^ Ann Fairfax Withington,Toward a More Perfect Union: Virtue and the Formation of American Republics (Oxford University Press, 1996) p197 ^ "Giacomo Casanova", by Mattia Begali, inEncyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies (Taylor & Francis, 2007) p402 ^ Robert Morgan,Boone: A Biography (Algonquin Books, 2008) p152 ^ Charles R. Steinwedel,Threads of Empire: Loyalty and Tsarist Authority in Bashkiria, 1552–1917 (Indiana University Press, 2016) p73 ^ Joe Jackson,A World on Fire: A Heretic, an Aristocrat, and the Race to Discover Oxygen (Penguin, 2007) p114 ^ Robert W. Kirk,Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520-1920 (McFarland, 2012) p27 ^ William Edward Hartpole Lecky,A History of England in the Eighteenth Century , Volume 3 (D. Appleton and Company, 1891) p456 ^ Richard R. 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