Calendar year
May 11 : King Louis XV leads France to victory in theBattle of Fontenoy .June 4 : Frederick the Great of Prussia leads troops to victory at theBattle of Hohenfriedberg .1745 by topic Arts and science Countries Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1745 .
1745 (MDCCXLV ) was acommon year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1745th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 45th year of the18th century , and the 6th year of the1740s decade. As of the start of 1745, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 7 –War of the Austrian Succession : TheAustrian Army, under the command of Field MarshalKároly József Batthyány , makes a surprise attack atAmberg and the winter quarters of theBavarian Army, and scatters the Bavarian defending troops, then captures the Bavarian capital ofMunich .[ 1] January 8 – TheQuadruple Alliance treaty is signed atWarsaw by Great Britain, Austria, the Dutch Republic and the Duchy of Saxony.[ 2] January 20 – Less than two weeks after the disastrous Battle of Amberg leaves Bavaria undefended, the electorate's ruler (andHoly Roman Emperor )Charles VII dies from gout at the age of 47, leaving theduchy without an adult to lead it. His 17-year-old son,Maximilian III Joseph , signs terms of surrender in April.February 22 – The ruling white colonial government on the island ofJamaica foils a conspiracy by about 900 black slaves, who had been plotting to seize control and to massacre the white residents.[ 3] February 23 – The royal wedding of the crown prince of France takes place atVersailles :the Dauphin Louis Ferdiand , eldest son of KingLouis XV , is united in marriage to PrincessMaria Teresa Rafaela of Spain , daughter ofKing Philip V .[ 4] February 27 –Pierre Bouguer appears before the French Academy of Sciences to deliver his report of the data gathered in theFrench Geodesic Mission , including the first precise measurement of the Earth's circumference.[ 5] metre and the metric system.March 1 –Augustus III , theKing of Poland andElector of Saxony , declares his candidacy to become the nextHoly Roman Emperor , but loses in September toFrancis, Duke of Tuscany .[ 6] April 4 (March 24, old style) – Under the command of British Army GeneralWilliam Pepperrell , the first 4,300 American colonists in theNew England Army departBoston to liberate the French North American colony ofNova Scotia . The flotilla of 80 military transports and 18 armed escorts is scattered by a storm, but the first troops disembark atCanso, Nova Scotia , on April 15 and begin training while waiting for the arrival of theRoyal Navy squadron commanded byAdmiral Peter Warren .[ 7] April 15 –War of the Austrian Succession :Battle of Pfaffenhofen – The Austrian Army drives the French Army out ofBavaria , forcing the Electorate of Bavaria to withdraw from the war.April 22 – Having recently turned 18, Bavaria's rulerMaximilian III agrees to sign theTreaty of Füssen withAustria , withdrawing Bavaria from further participation in theWar of the Austrian Succession , and agreeing to support Austria's candidate for the nextHoly Roman Emperor .[ 8] April 29 – TheFrench Navy frigate Renommée Louisbourg of the impending attack by British American forces. However, the Massachusetts privateerHMSShirley Galley , commanded by John Rous, attacks theRenommée and forces it to sail away. The command at Louisbourg is thus not warned of the impending attack.[ 7] May 11 –War of the Austrian Succession :Battle of Fontenoy – French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army, including the British42nd Regiment of Foot , also known asBlack Watch .[ 9] [ 10] June 4 –Second Silesian War :Battle of Hohenfriedberg – In the battle that earns him the descriptor of "Frederick the Great ", King Frederick II of Prussia decisively defeats the armies of Austria and Saxony.June 16 –King George's War : The British captureCape Breton Island inNorth America from the French.[ 9] July 9 –War of the Austrian Succession –Battle of Melle : The French are victorious in an engagement against thePragmatic Allies .July 15 –Fall of Ghent : The French army occupies Ghent.August 6 (July 26Old Style ) – The first recordedwomen's cricket match takes place inSurrey , England.[ 11] August 19 – TheJacobite rising of 1745 begins atGlenfinnan in Scotland, whereCharles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") raises his standard in a campaign to enforce his fatherJames Francis Edward Stuart (the "Old Pretender")'s claim to be King James III of England.September 1 –Catherine the Great marriesPeter III of Russia , inSaint Petersburg .September 11 –Jacobite rising of 1745 : Jacobites enterEdinburgh ; six days later, Charles Edward Stuart proclaims his father as James VIII of Scotland.[ 9] September 12 –Francis I , the Grand Duke of Tuscany, is electedHoly Roman Emperor by the nineprince-electors of the Empire (from Bavaria, Bohemia, Brandenburg, Cologne, Hanover, Mainz, the Palatinate, Saxony and Trier) with the support of his wife,Maria Theresa . He is the successor ofCharles VII Albert ofBavaria , an enemy of theHouse of Habsburg , who died onJanuary 20 of this year.September 14 –Madame de Pompadour is officially presented at the court ofLouis XV .September 16 –Jacobite rising of 1745 : "Canter of Coltbrigg" – The British 13th and 14th Dragoons flee the Jacobites near Edinburgh.September 21 –Battle of Prestonpans : British Government forces are defeated by the Jacobites in Scotland.September 30 –Battle of Soor (Second Silesian War): Frederick the Great's Prussian army is victorious over the forces of Austria and Saxony.October 4 – Francis is crowned as the new Holy Roman Emperor.[ 12] October 8 – The EmpressElizabeth of Russia agrees to provide theElectorate of Saxony with aid in its war againstPrussia , but the agreement comes too late.[ 6] October 11 – AtKöslin (modern Koszalin in Poland) Prussian scientistEwald Georg von Kleist independently invents the first electricalcapacitor to store and discharge electricity.[ 13] Leyden jar is later credited to a subsequent inventorPieter van Musschenbroek .October 14 – InAmritsar in India's Punjab region, theSikh parliament (theSarbat Khalsa Dal Khalsa Nawab Kapur Singh .[ 14] November 1 –Pope Benedict XIV issues the encyclicalVix pervenit Usury and Other Dishonest Profit", to the bishops of Italy, condemning the charging ofinterest on loans as a sin against the Roman Catholic Church.[ 15] November 8 –Jacobite rising of 1745 :Charles Edward Stuart crosses from Scotland into England for the first time. He arrives atLongtown, Cumbria , and spends the night at a nearby village, the Riddings, then leads his army south along the right bank of theRiver Eden the next day.[ 16] November 23 –Battle of Hennersdorf (Second Silesian War): The Prussian army defeats that of Saxony.November 28 –King George's War : A combined force of troops from theFrench Army and of theWabanaki Confederacy (Mi'kmaq ,Maliseet ,Passamaquoddy ,Abenaki andPenobscot tribes) destroys the British American settlement at Fort Saratoga (modernSchuylerville, New York ), burning the fort and surrounding buildings to the ground, and killing 15 people.[ 17] December 4 –Jacobite rising of 1745 : The Scottish Jacobite army reaches as far south asDerby in England, causing panic in London; two days later it begins to retreat.[ 9] December 17 – Two days after Prussian troops rout the Saxons at theBattle of Kesselsdorf , the Saxon capital ofDresden falls to Prussia's KingFrederick the Great .[ 6] December 18 –Jacobite rising of 1745 :Clifton Moor Skirmish – The Jacobites are victorious[ 9] [ 18] December 23 –Jacobite rising of 1745 :Battle of Inverurie – The Jacobites are victorious over British royal troops.December 25 – TheTreaty of Dresden givesPrussia full possession ofSilesia .December 28 – For 5 days, fire destroys buildings inIstanbul .c. January –Isaac Titsingh , Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador (d.1812 ) January 1 –Anthony Wayne ,United States Army officer, statesman and member of theUnited States House of Representatives (d.1796 )January 6 –Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier , French inventor (d.1799 )January 7 –Johan Christian Fabricius , Danish zoologist (d.1808 )January 9 –Caleb Strong , American politician (d.1819 )February –Samuel Hearne , English explorer, fur-trader, author, and naturalist (d.1792 )February 2 –Hannah More , English religious writer, Romantic poet and philanthropist (d.1833 )Alessandro Volta February 18 –Alessandro Volta , Italian physicist (d.1827 )February 20 –Henry James Pye , English poet (d.1813 )February 21 –Olof Tempelman , Swedish architect (d.1816 )February 24 –Fyodor Ushakov , a RussianSaint andAdmiral (d.1817 )March 4 March 10 –John Gunby , Maryland soldier in theAmerican Revolutionary War (d.1807 )March 25 –John Barry , officer in theContinental Navy during theAmerican Revolutionary War and later in theUnited States Navy (d.1803 )April 1 –Robert H. Harrison , American jurist andlieutenant colonel of theContinental Army (d.1790 )April 6 –Thomas Peters , Dutchsupercentenarian (d.1857 )April 20 –Philippe Pinel , French physician (d.1826 )April 29 –Oliver Ellsworth , American founding father and 3rdChief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (d.1807 )July 8 –Sara Banzet , French educator and diarist (d.1774 )July 13 –Robert Calder , British naval officer (d.1818 )July 17 –Timothy Pickering , American politician (d.1829 )August 20 –Francis Asbury ,American Methodist Bishop (d.1816 )August 30 –Johann Hieronymus Schröter , German astronomer (d.1816 )September 4 –Schneur Zalman of Liadi , Russian rabbi and founder ofChabad (d.1812 )September 16 –Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov , Russian field marshal (d.1813 )November 13 –Valentin Haüy , French educator, founder of the first school for the blind (d.1822 )December 2 –Queen Jeongsun , Korean regent (d.1805 )December 15 –Johann Gottfried Koehler , German astronomer (d.1801 )December 24 –William Paterson , American politician andAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1806 )date unknown Robert Walpole Jonathan Swift ^ "War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)", inWars That Changed History: 50 of the World's Greatest Conflicts: 50 of the World's Greatest Conflicts , ed. by Spencer C. Tucker (ABC-CLIO, 2015) p214 ^ "Treaty of Quadruple Alliance",International Military Alliances, 1648-2008 , ed. by Douglas M. Gibler (Congressional Quarterly Press, Oct 15, 2008) p94 ^ William Reed,The History of Sugar and Sugar-yielding Plants (Longmans, Green, and Co., 1866) p50 ^ Marion F. Godfroy,Kourou and the Struggle for a French America (Springer, 2015) p193 ^ Larrie D. Ferreiro,Measure of the Earth: The Enlightenment Expedition That Reshaped Our World (Basic Books, 2011) p253 ^a b c Maureen Cassidy-Geiger,Fragile Diplomacy (Yale University Press, 2007) p66-74 ^a b Spencer Tucker,Almanac of American Military History (ABC-CLIO, 2013) p137 ^ "War of the Austrian Succession (1740—1748)" inWars That Changed History: 50 of the World's Greatest Conflicts , by Spencer C. Tucker (ABC-CLIO, 2015) p214 ^a b c d e Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 310–311 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ "42nd Royal Highland Regiment". British Empire. Retrieved 23 January 2025. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 217– 218.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "War of Austrian Succession", inGermany at War: 400 Years of Military History , ed. by David T. Zabecki (ABC-CLIO, 2014) p1371 ^ J. L. Heilbron,Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics (University of California Press, 1979) p311 ^ Mahinder N. Gulati,Comparative Religious And Philosophies: Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity (Atlantic Publishers, 2008) p307 ^ Mark Anielski,The Economics of Happiness: Building Genuine Wealth (New Society Publishers, 2007) p197 ^ "The White Rose on the Border", by Alison Buckler, inThe Gentleman's Magazine (July 1896) p28 ^ David R. Starbuck,The Great Warpath: British Military Sites from Albany to Crown Point (University Press of New England, 1999) p28 ^ Unless theBattle of Graveney Marsh (1940 ) is counted. ^ "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford | prime minister of Great Britain" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedSeptember 1, 2021 .
