This article is about the year 1700. For the music video show, see
1700 (TV series) .
Calendar year
Europe at the beginning of the 18th century November 16 :Philip, Duke of Anjou is proclaimed King of Spain byLouis XIV 1700 (MDCC ) was anexceptional common year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1700th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 100th and last year of the17th century , and the 1st year of the1700s decade. As of the start of 1700, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
The year 1700 was the last year of the 17th century and the first year of the 18th century. As ofMarch 1 (O.S. February 19 ), where the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days untilFebruary 28 (O.S. February 17 ), 1800.
In Sweden, the year started in the Julian calendar and remained so until February 28. Then, by skipping the leap day, theSwedish calendar was introduced, letting February 28 be followed by March 1, giving the entire year the same pattern as acommon year starting on Monday . This calendar, being ten days behind the Gregorian and one day ahead of the Julian, lasts until1712 .
January 1 –Protestant nations inWestern Europe , exceptEngland , start using theGregorian calendar .Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in1582 byPope Gregory XIII .January 1 (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) – TheTsardom of Russia begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini ), instead of since the Creation (Anno Mundi ).January 26 – At approximately 9 p.m., theCascadia earthquake occurs in thePacific Northwest , with an estimatedmoment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. Thismegathrust earthquake ruptures about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of theCascadia Subduction Zone and causes atsunami , that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.February 3 – The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of centralEdinburgh , Scotland.[ 1] February 12 – TheGreat Northern War begins with a joint invasion ofSwedish territory inGermany andLatvia , byDenmark andPoland /Saxony . Sweden has control of theBaltic Sea and holds territory that includes Finland,Estonia , Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between TsarPeter I of Russia , KingFrederick IV of Denmark andAugustus II the Strong , King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristicCharles XII , known as the "Swedish Meteor".February 27 – The island ofNew Britain is discovered byWilliam Dampier , in the western Pacific.[ 2] March 1 (Gregorian) – ProtestantGermany andDenmark–Norway adopt theGregorian calendar .March 1 (Swedish),March 11 (Gregorian),February 29 (Julian) – TheSwedish calendar is adopted.March (early) –William Congreve 's comedyThe Way of the World [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] March 3 –Shivaji II accedes to the throne of theMaratha Empire as the 4th Chhatrapati after his fatherRajaram I 's death.March 24 – TheTreaty of London is signed betweenFrance ,England and theDutch Republic .[ 6] April 15 – The coronation of KingFrederick IV of Denmark takes place atFrederiksborg Castle inCopenhagen .April 18 – Hungarian freedom activistFerenc Rákóczi is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition. Imprisoned nearVienna and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary.April 21 – InIndia , the siege of the fortress ofSajjangad (located in theMaharashtra state) is begun by an army led by Fateullahakhan. The fortress falls on June 6.April – Fire destroys many buildings inGondar , the capital ofEthiopia , including two in the palace complex.May 5 – Within a few days of poetJohn Dryden 's death in London (May 1 O.S.), his last written work (The Secular Masque Vanbrugh 's version ofThe Pilgrim May – InRhode Island (American colony),Walter Clarke , three-term formerGovernor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-lawSamuel Cranston .June 8 (May 28 O.S.) – The legislature for theProvince of Massachusetts Bay (the modern-day Commonwealth ofMassachusetts in the United States) passes into law "An Act against Jesuits & Popish Priests" making a finding that Roman Catholic clerics have attempted to incite American Indians into a rebellion against the Crown, and declaring "That all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Missionary, or other Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Person made or ordained by any Authority, Power or Jurisdiction derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or See of Rome, now residing within this Province or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same, at or before the tenth day of September next, in this present year, One Thousand and Seven Hundred."[ 7] Province of New York enacts similar legislation later in the year.July 11 – ThePrussian Academy of Sciences is founded, withGottfried Leibniz as president.[ 8] July 24 –Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invadingZealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under SirGeorge Rooke , rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.[ 9] July 30 – Eleven-year-oldPrince William, Duke of Gloucester , dies of "a malignant fever" atWindsor Castle , leaving the Protestantsuccession to the British throne in doubt.August 18 (August 7 O.S. ) – ThePeace of Travendal is concluded between theSwedish Empire ,Denmark–Norway andHolstein-Gottorp inTraventhal . On the same day,Augustus II ,King of Poland , andPeter the Great ,Tsar of Russia , enter the war against Sweden.September 6 –Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year onHMSParamour , from which he has observed theAntarctic Convergence ,[ 10] General Chart of the Variation of the Compass .September 12 –Antioh Cantemir is deposed as thevoivode of Moldavia and replaced by his predecessorConstantine Ducas .September 13 -14 –Rising-sun hurricane of 1700 strikes the coast ofSouth Carolina killing 98.September 27 –Pope Innocent XII dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years.Fabrizio Spada , theCardinal Secretary of State , assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope.September – A Russian army invadesSwedish Estonia , and besieges the town ofNarva .[ 11] October 3 – TheBattle of Jouami' al-Ulama takes place inAlgeria with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad IIIBey of Tunis by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha,Dey of Algiers and Ahmed ben Ferhat,Beylik of Constantine .October 16 –Adrian, Patriarch of All Russia , dies after more than 10 years as head of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is replaced by the hand-picked choice of TsarPeter the Great with the appointment of Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky as PatriarchStefan .November 1 –Charles II , the last Spanish king of theHouse of Habsburg , dies at theRoyal Alcazar of Madrid aged 38, leaving no children; his last will makesPhilip of Anjou his heir.November 15 –Louis XIV of France accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandsonPhilip of Anjou of theHouse of Bourbon , who becomes Philip V of Spain (reigning for 44 years – with a short break – to1746 ), thus triggering theWar of the Spanish Succession (1701 –1714 ).[ 12] November 18 –Lithuanian Civil War :Battle of Valkininkai – The anti-Sapieha coalition is victorious.November 23 – Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by thePapal conclave to succeedPope Innocent XII , and becomes the 243rdpope , taking the name ofClement XI .November 30 :Battle of Narva Daniel Bernoulli born8 February Gerard van Swieten born7 May Mary Delany born14 May Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau born29 September Philip Morant born6 October Nathaniel Bliss born28 November Jeremias Friedrich Reuß born8 December January 8 –Augustyn Mirys , Polish painter (d.1790 )January 14 –Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici), German poet and librettist (d.1764 )January 23 –John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732 to 1733 (d.1733 )January 28 –John Penn ("the American") , American-born merchant (d.1746 )January 29 –Konstancja Czartoryska , Polish noblewoman and politician (d.1759 )February 2 –Johann Christoph Gottsched , German philosopher (d.1766 )February 8 –Daniel Bernoulli , Dutch-born Swiss mathematician (d.1782 )February 16 –Pedro Messía de la Cerda, 2nd Marquis of Vega de Armijo , Spanish naval officer and colonial official (d.1783 )February 18 –Nicolaus Schuback , German lawyer (d.1783 )February 21 –Henri Hemsch , French harpsichord maker of German origin (d.1769 )February 28 –Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan , Mughal courtier (d.1758 )March 1 –Pierre-Joseph Bourcet , French tactician (d.1780 )March 3 March 4 –Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes , grandson of Louis XIV of France and of hismaîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (d.1755 )March 8 –William Morgan (of Tredegar, elder) , Welsh politician (d.1731 )March 13 March 15 –Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora , Portuguese noblewoman (d.1759 )March 23 –Pieter Woortman , Dutch colonial administrator (d.1780 )March 29 –Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d.1762 )March 30 –Thomas Pichon , French colonial agent (d.1781 )April 4 –Christophe Moyreau , French Baroque composer (d.1774 )April 30 May 2 –Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.1726 )May 6 –Giuseppe Peroni , Italian painter (d.1776 )May 7 –Gerard van Swieten , Dutch-born physician (d.1772 )May 12 –Luigi Vanvitelli , Italian architect (d.1773 )May 14 –Mary Delany , English artist (d.1788 )May 19 –José de Escandón , Spanish colonial governor (d.1770 )May 22 –Michel-François Dandré-Bardon , French history painter and etcher (d.1785 )May 26 –Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf , German religious and social reformer (d.1760 )May 27 –Robert Shirley , British Tory politician (d.1738 )May 30 – Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d.1756 )May 31 –Stephen Bayard , 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d.1757 )June 3 –Karen Huitfeldt , Danish courtier (d.1778 )June 8 –Georg Wilhelm von Driesen , lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d.1758 )June 10 –Ewald Georg von Kleist , German jurist (d.1748 )June 16 –Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester , British peer (d.1775 )June 19 –Charles, Count of Charolais , French noble (d.1760 )June 20 –Peter Faneuil , wealthy American colonial merchant (d.1743 )June 25 –William Boys , Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d.1774 )June 26 July 11 –Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d.1764 )July 12 –Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière , Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d.1761 )July 20 –Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau , French physician (d.1782 )July 29 –Peter Joseph Kofler , mayor of Vienna (d.1764 )August 13 –Heinrich, count von Brühl , German statesman (d.1763 )August 17 –Clemens August of Bavaria , Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d.1761 )August 18 August 23 –Hans Caspar von Krockow , Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d.1759 )August 27 August 30 –Christian August von Eyben , German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d.1785 )September 6 –Claude-Nicolas Le Cat , French surgeon (d.1768 )September 9 –Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d.1780 )September 11 –James Thomson , Scottish poet (d.1748 )September 15 –Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet , French ecclesiastic (d.1784 )September 20 September 25 –Gaetano Zompini , Italian printmaker and engraver (d.1778 )September 29 –Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d.1758 )September 30 –Stanisław Konarski , Polish writer (d.1773 )October 6 –Philip Morant (d.1770 )October 7 –Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d.1727 )October 9 –George Hazard (d.1738 )October 10 –Lambert-Sigisbert Adam , French sculptor born in Nancy (d.1759 )October 13 –Phanuel Bacon , English playwright (d.1783 )October 20 –Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d.1761 )October 23 –Samuel Dexter , minister from Dedham (d.1755 )October 24 –Marten Schagen , Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d.1770 )October 26 –Peter Jacob Horemans , Flemish painter of genre scenes (d.1776 )October 30 –Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d.1778 )November 7 –Erdmuthe Dorothea of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d.1756 )November 17 –Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt , German nobleman (d.1771 )November 19 –Jean-Antoine Nollet , French abbot and physicist (d.1770 )November 21 –Charlotta Elisabeth van der Lith , politically active Governor's wife in Surinam (d.1753 )November 24 –Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (d.1743 )November 28 December 4 –Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau , German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d.1725 )December 5 –Anthony Malone , Irish lawyer and politician (d.1776 )December 7 –George Heathcote , English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d.1768 )December 8 –Jeremias Friedrich Reuß , German theologian (d.1777 )December 9 –Michael Ranft , Protestant Lutheran pastor (d.1774 )December 20 –Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d.1788 )December 25 –Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau , Prussian general (d.1751 )date unknown Marguerite Bourgeoys died12 January Jan Six diedMay 28 Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten died10 July Pope Innocent XII diedSeptember 27 Patriarch Adrian of Moscow died16 October Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé died27 October Charles II of Spain died1 November January 7 –Raffaello Fabretti , Italian antiquary (b.1618 )January 12 –Marguerite Bourgeoys ,French founder of theCongregation of Notre Dame of Montreal , in the colony ofNew France (b.1620 )January 21 –Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort , English politician (b.1629 )January 30 –Clara Elisabeth von Platen , German noblewoman (b.1648 )February 4 –John Bramston the Younger , English lawyer and MP (b.1611 )February 5 –Louis Maracci , Italian priest (b.1612 )February 12 –Aleksei Shein , Russian commander and statesman (b.1662 )February 25 –James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b.1646 )March 2 –Jankibai ,Empress consort of theMaratha Empire as the first wife ofRajaram Chhatrapati (b.1675 )March 3 March 4 –Lorenzo Pasinelli , Italian painter (b.1629 )March 8 –William Dunlop , Covenanter (b. c.1654 )March 14 –Henry Killigrew , English clergyman and playwright (b.1613 )March 18 –Francesco Scannagatta , Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b.1632 )March 26 –Heinrich Meibom , German physician and scholar (b.1638 )May 1 May 5 –Angelo Italia , Sicilian architect (b.1628 )May 12 –John Dryden , English poet and dramatist (b.1631 )May 15 –John Hale , American witch hunter and pastor (b.1636 )May 18 –Teofil Rutka , Polish philosopher (b.1622 )May 23 –Jens Juel , Danish diplomat (b.1631 )May 28 –Jan Six , important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b.1618 )May 31 –Agostino Scilla , Italian painter and scientist (b.1629 )June 20 –Richard Gilpin , English nonconformist minister and physician (b.1625 )June 29 –Olov Svebilius , Swedish priest and professor (b.1624 )July 2 July 7 –Silvestro Valier , 109th Doge of Venice (b.1630 )July 10 July 19 (found dead) –Thomas Creech , English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b.1659 )July 22 –Alderano Cybo , Italian Catholic Cardinal (b.1613 )July 30 –Prince William, Duke of Gloucester , member of the English royal family (b.1689 )August 17 –Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont , French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b.1642 )August 22 –Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora , Mexican academic (b.1645 )August 30 –Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1622 )August 31 –William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax , English noble and politician (b.1665 )September 7 –William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford , English noble and politician (b.1616 )September 15 –André Le Nôtre , French landscape gardener (b.1613 )September 16 –Martyrs of Cajonos , Mexican Catholic converts (b. c.1660 )September 23 –Nicolaus Adam Strungk , German composer and violinist (b.1640 )September 27 –Pope Innocent XII , born Antonio Pignatelli (b.1615 )September 30 –Lorenzo Trotti , Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700) (b.1633 )October 1 –Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet , English politician (b.1643 )October 16 –Patriarch Adrian of Moscow , Russian Orthodox Church leader (b.1627 )October 17 –Eligio Caracciolo , Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cosenza (1694–1700) (b.1654 )October 23 –Anne Marie de Bourbon , daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess (b.1675 )October 27 –Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé , abbot of La Trappe Abbey, founder of the Trappists (b.1626 )October 31 –Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Punknoll (b.1642 )November 1 –Charles II of Spain , King of Spain; last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire (b.1661 )November 2 –Francis Turner , English bishop (b.1637 )November 4 –Sebastián de Pastrana , Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Paraguay (1693–1700) (b.1633 )November 11 –Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels , by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b.1677 )November 16 –Paul Rycaut , British diplomat (b.1629 )November 18 –Robert Walpole , English Whig politician, soldier and member of parliament (b.1650 )November 25 –Stephanus Van Cortlandt , first native-born mayor of New York City (b.1643 )November 26 –Tokugawa Mitsutomo , daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b.1625 )December 5 –Mata Jito , first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru (b.1673 )December 13 –Inoha Seihei , bureaucrat of theRyukyu Kingdom (b.1648 )December 15 –Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza , Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b.1643 )December 16 –Thomas Morgan , English politician (b.1664 )December 18 –Edward Harley , English politician (b.1624 )December 20 –Mary Bradbury , accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b.1615 )^ Colville, Ian (February 8, 2011)."The Lesser Great Fire of 1700 in Edinburgh" .On this day in Scotland . RetrievedNovember 21, 2011 . ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 289 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ Hochman, Stanley.McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama . Vol. 4. p. 542. ^ Johnson, Samuel (1799).Lives of the Poets . Vol. 2. p. 213, n.2.Probably produced in the first week of March, 1700, as the book of the play was published March 28th, 1700. ^ "The House Laws of the German Habsburgs" . RetrievedNovember 21, 2011 .^ "Acts and Laws, Passed by the Great and General Court or Assembly of His Majesties Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England" , Evans Early American Imprint Collection^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (August 2004)."Berlin Academy of Science" .MacTutor History of Mathematics . RetrievedNovember 21, 2011 . ^ Anthony Guggenberger,A General History of the Christian Era: The Social Revolution (B. Herder, 1906) p. 16 ^ Gurney, Alan (1997).Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839 ISBN 0-393-03949-8 ^ Lindsey Hughes,Peter the Great: A Biography (Yale University Press, 1998) p. 63 ^ Schoell, Maximilian Samson Friedrich (1832).Cours d'histoire des états européens depuis le bouleversement de l'Empire romain d'Occident jusqu'en 1789 . RetrievedMarch 19, 2023 – via Google Books. ^ "History" . Tucson: San Xavier del Bac Mission. RetrievedMarch 19, 2023 .^ Ormesby, John ."Translator's Preface: About this translation" .Don Quixote . Archived fromthe original on August 23, 2010.
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