Items of interest from year 1695
Calendar year
July 12 : TheSiege of Namur begins in Belgium.1695 (MDCXCV ) was acommon year starting on Saturday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1695th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 95th year of the17th century , and the 6th year of the1690s decade. As of the start of 1695, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 7 (December 28, 1694 O.S.) – The United Kingdom's last joint monarchy, the reign of husband-and-wifeKing William III andQueen Mary II comes to an end with the death of Queen Mary, at the age of 32. Princess Mary had been installed as the monarch along with her husband and cousin, Willem Hendrik von Oranje,Stadtholder of theDutch Republic , in 1689 afterKing James II was deposed by Willem during the "Glorious Revolution ".January 14 (January 4 O.S.) – The Royal Navy warshipHMSNonsuch is captured near England'sIsles of Scilly by the 48-gun French privateerLe Francois .Nonsuch is then sold to the French Navy and renamedLe Sans Pareil .[ 1] [ 2] January 24 –Milan 'sCourt Theater is destroyed in a fire.January 27 – A flotilla of six Royal Navy warships under the command of Commodore James Killegrew aboardHMSPlymouth captures two French warships, theContent and theTrident , the day after the French ships had mistaken the English fleet to be a group of merchant ships to attack.February 6 –Mustafa II (1664 – 1703) succeeds his uncle,Ahmed II asSultan of the Ottoman Empire .March 5 – The funeral of QueenMary II of England takes place, accompanied by music written for the occasion byHenry Purcell .March 10 – Almost all French Army soldiers in a column of 1,300 troops, commanded by Brigadier General Urbain Le Clerc de Juigné, are killed or captured in theBattle of Sant Esteve d'en Bas against a smaller Spanish Empire force led by Ramon de Sala i Saçala during theWar of the Grand Alliance .March 7 –John Trevor ,Speaker of the English House of Commons , is expelled from the House by vote of the members, after being found guilty of accepting a bribe of 1000pounds sterling from the City of London Corporation.March 14 –Paul Foley is elected as the new Speaker of the House after the expulsion of John Trevor.March 26 –John Hungerford is expelled from the English House of Commons when members vote to find him guilty of accepting a bribe in return for using his committee chairmanship to promote the pending Orphans Bill.April 17 – TheHouse of Commons of England decides not to renew theLicensing Order of 1643 , and states its reasoning, beginning with "Because it revives, and re-enacts, a Law which in no-wise answered the End for which it was made".[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] April 22 –Sürmeli Ali Pasha is fired from his position asGrand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire , after coming into a disagreement with the new Sultan, Mustafa II. Sürmeli is initially sent into exile, but executed on the Sultan's orders on May 29.April 27 –Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) :Russia begins theAzov campaigns (1695–96) against theOttoman Empire , with 31,000 troops departing to the Ottoman fortress at Azov on theDon River .[ 6] May 18 – The 7.8 magnitudeLinfen earthquake in Shanxi Province, Qing Dynasty kills over 50,000 people.[ 7] June 11 – An annular eclipse of the sun is visible across South America.[ 8] June 24 – The Commission of Enquiry into theMassacre of Glencoe inScotland in1692 reports to theParliament of England , blaming SirJohn Dalrymple ,Secretary of State over Scotland , and declares that a soldier should refuse to obey a "command against the law of nature".July 12 – TheSiege of Namur begins in theSpanish Netherlands (nowBelgium ).[ 9] July 15 – Thesiege of the Ottoman fortress at Azaq by the Russian Army begins, but is unsuccessful and is discontinued after October 2 (September 22 O.S.).[ 10] [ 6] July 17 – TheBank of Scotland is founded.August 8 – TheWren Building is started inWilliamsburg, Virginia (completed in1700 ).August 10 – Anaval skirmish occurs between English and Swedish ships in the Strait of Dover[ 11] August 13 –15 –Nine Years' War :Brussels is bombarded byFrench troops.September 1 –Nine Years' War :France surrendersNamur ,Spanish Netherlands to forces of theGrand Alliance , led by KingWilliam III of England , Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, following the 2-monthSiege of Namur .[ 9] September 7 –English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal shipGanj-i-Sawai Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.September 24 – All but eight of the remaining 305 crew of theRoyal Navy shipHMS Winchester (1693) are killed when the ship founders in theFlorida Keys . According to the ship's logbook, an epidemic ofyellow fever began on August 1 and had killed 45 people before the hurricane struck, and left all but seven crew members too ill to walk.[ 12] [ 13] October 11 –King William III of England dissolvesParliament in the wake of a scandal involving former Speaker of the House of CommonsJohn Trevor and other Tory MPs.October 25 – The 48-gun English Navy ship HMSBerkeley Castle is captured by the French Navy.November 22 – Thenew Parliament , with 513 members of the House of Commons is opened by King William III. Commons is composed of 257 Whigs (who hold a majority of one), 203 Tories and 53 members of other parties or independents.December 6 – A total eclipse of the sun is visible across the Middle East and western Asia.[ 14] December 31 – Awindow tax is imposed inEngland .[ 9] English manufacturers call for anembargo on Indian cloth, and silk weavers picket theHouse of Commons of England . A £2 fine is imposed forswearing inEngland . After 23 years of construction,Spain completesCastillo de San Marcos St. Augustine, Florida , from foreign threats. After many years of construction, thePotala Palace inLhasa is completed. Gold is discovered inBrazil .Johanne Nielsdatter is executed for witchcraft, the last such confirmed execution in Norway.InAmsterdam , the bankWed. Jean Deutz & Sn. floats the first sovereign bonds on the local market. The scheme is designed to fund a 1.5 million guilder loan to theHoly Roman Emperor . From this date on, European leaders commonly take advantage of the low interest rates available in theDutch Republic , and borrow several hundred millions on the Dutch capital market.[ 15] A large unidentified tropical volcanic eruption causes colder temperatures, crop failure, food shortage and mortality in north-western Europe.[ 16] Anaval skirmish occurs between English and Swedish ships en-route to Portugal.[ 17] TheGreat Famine of 1695–1697 begins as theGreat Famine of Estonia (1695–97) in Swedish Estonia and spreads acrossFinland ,Latvia ,Norway andSweden , while the "seven ill years " of famine inScotland are ongoing. William Borlase born2 February Françoise de Graffigny born11 February Abraham Pelt born11 February Infante António of Portugal born15 March William Greene (colonial governor) born16 March Christoph Jacob Trew born16 April Henri Pitot born3 May Sir Peter Halkett, 2nd Baronet born21 June Louise Anne de Bourbon born23 June Martin van Meytens born24 June Antonio Cocchi born3 August Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys born10 August Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans born20 August January 2 –Sir Robert Cotton, 3rd Baronet , British politician (d.1748 )January 6 –Giuseppe Sammartini , Italian composer and oboist (d.1750 )January 9 –Ferdinand Ashmall , British clergy (d.1798 )January 18 –Paul Bécart de Granville et de Fonville , French colonial officer (d.1754 )January 25 January 26 –José Quer y Martínez , Spanish botanist (d.1764 )January 27 –Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham , British countess (d.1774 )February 2 February 6 –Nicolaus II Bernoulli , Russian mathematician (d.1726 )February 10 –Armand Jules de Rohan-Guéméné , French archbishop (d.1762 )February 11 February 13 –Francesco Maria Della Rovere , politician (d.1768 )February 14 –Joseph Anton Glantschnigg , painter of German origin (d.1755 )February 16 –Philippe-Claude de Montboissier de Beaufort , French politician (d.1765 )February 21 –Anthony Grey, Earl of Harold , English noble (d.1723 )March 2 –Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf , German music publisher (d.1777 )March 3 –María Anna Águeda de San Ignacio , Mexican writer (d.1756 )March 4 –Marie Huber , Genevan writer and theologian (d.1753 )March 9 –Martín Sarmiento , Spanish scholar and writer (d.1772 )March 10 –Adrien Manglard , French painter and engraver (d.1760 )March 12 –Mihael Summa , Albanian clergyman and auxiliary bishop (d.1777 )March 13 –Daniel Overbeek , Dutch colonial governor (d.1751 )March 15 March 16 March 19 March 20 –Toki Yoritoshi , Daimyo in the Tokugawa shogunate (d.1744 )March 27 –Johann Philipp Anton von Franckenstein , German priest (d.1753 )April 8 –Johann Christian Günther , German poet (d.1723 )April 14 –Pietro Guarneri , Italian luthier (d.1762 )April 16 –Christoph Jacob Trew , German physician and botanist (d.1769 )April 17 –Ludovico Valenti , Italian cardinal (d.1763 )April 19 May 1 –Pierre Saint-Sevin , French composer (d.1768 )May 2 –Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni , French architect and painter (d.1766 )May 3 May 6 –Isaac Wilkinson , English businessman (d.1784 )May 7 May 8 –John Lee , British politician (d.1761 )May 16 –Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny , French intendant (d.1760 )May 22 –Anna Folkema , Engraver from the Northern Netherlands (d.1768 )May 27 –Miguel Cabrera , Mexican painter (d.1768 )May 28 –Alexander Leslie, 5th Earl of Leven , British politician (d.1754 )June 3 –Francis Wise , Keeper of the archive at the University of Oxford (d.1767 )June 5 –Johann Conrad Schlaun , German architect (d.1773 )June 6 –Adriaan Valckenier , DutchGovernor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1737 -1741 ) (d.1751 )June 14 –Johann Friedrich Walther , German teacher, organist and draughtsman (d.1776 )June 17 –Henri-Michel Guedier de Saint-Aubin , French theologist (d.1741 )June 21 June 23 –Louise Anne de Bourbon , French princess, the daughter of Louis III de Bourbon (d.1758 )June 24 –Martin van Meytens , Austrian artist (d.1770 )June 28 –Christiana Mariana von Ziegler , German poet (d.1760 )July 2 July 6 –Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale , Italian politician (d.1760 )July 17 July 18 –Boris Grigoryevich Yusupov , Russian politician (d.1759 )July 21 –Thomas Archer, 1st Baron Archer , British politician (d.1768 )July 28 –Yunlu , prince Zhuang of the First Rank (d.1767 )July 30 –Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes , French noble (d.1758 )August 1 –John Rutherford , Scottish physician (d.1779 )August 3 –Antonio Cocchi , Italian physician and naturalist (d.1758 )August 9 –Andreas Murray , Swedish priest (d.1771 )August 10 –Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys , British politician (d.1770 )August 11 –Michelangelo Unterberger , Austrian painter (d.1758 )August 14 –Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł , Lithuanian–Polish noble (d.1715 )August 17 –Gustaf Lundberg , Swedish rococo painter (d.1786 )August 20 –Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans , French princess (d.1719 )August 26 –Marie-Anne-Catherine Quinault , French opera singer and composer (d.1791 )August 31 –Maximilian, Prince of Hornes , prince (d.1763 )September 3 –Pietro Locatelli , Italian Baroque composer and violinist (d.1764 )September 5 –Carl Gustaf Tessin , Swedish count, politician and art collector (d.1770 )September 6 –Charles Pole , British businessman and politician (d.1779 )September 7 –François Hus , French comedian (d.1774 )September 10 –Johann Lorenz Bach , German composer (d.1773 )September 15 –Michel Lullin de Chateauvieux , Genevan agronomist (d.1781 )September 21 –Ferdinando Colonna of Stigliano, 2nd Prince of Sonnino (d.1775 )September 22 –Mathias Chardon , French historian (d.1771 )September 27 –Anders Anton von Stiernman , Swedish historian (d.1765 )October 5 –John Glas , Scottish theologian (d.1773 )October 23 –François de Cuvilliés , Bavarian architect (d.1768 )October 31 –Nicolas-Joseph de Noyelles de Fleurimont , French soldier (d.1761 )November 1 –Pablo Maroni , Austrian missionary (d.1757 )November 4 November 9 –Theodosia Bligh, 10th Baroness Clifton , English peer, born Theodosia Hyde (d.1722 )November 10 –John Bevis , English physician and astronomer (d.1771 )November 17 –Barthold Douma van Burmania , Dutch diplomat (d.1766 )December 1 –Francesco Saverio Quadrio , Italian scholar (d.1756 )December 2 –Andrzej Stanisław Załuski , Polish bishop (d.1758 )December 11 –Charles Guillaume Loys de Bochat , jurist (d.1754 )December 12 –Michael Christoph Hanow , German historian and scientist (d.1773 )December 15 –Benigna Marie of Reuss-Ebersdorf , German noblewoman and author of hymns (d.1751 )December 18 –David Nitschmann der Bischof , bishop (d.1772 )December 19 December 22 –Rebecca Kellogg Ashley , captive of Native Americans (d.1757 )December 26 –Johann Caspar Bachofen , Swiss composer (d.1755 )December 29 –Jean-Baptiste Pater , French painter (d.1736 )date unknown –Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie , Swedish salonnière (d.1745 )Ahmed II died6 February William Phips died18 February Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł died25 March Lambert van Haven died9 May Prince Christian of Denmark (1675–1695) died27 June Christiaan Huygens died8 July François de Harlay de Champvallon died6 August Huang Zongxi died12 August Christopher Merret died19 August Enkū died24 August Johann Wilhelm Baier died19 October Zumbi died20 November Henry Purcell died21 November January 4 –François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg ,Marshal of France (b.1628 )January 6 –Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (b.1641 )January 11 –Nizel Rivers , Member of Parliament of England (b.1614 )January 16 –Hans Adam Weissenkircher , Austrian painter (b.1646 )January 26 –Johann Jakob Wepfer , Swiss pathologist (b.1620 )January 27 –Francesco Nasini , Italian painter (b.1611 )January 29 February 6 –Ahmed II , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695 (b.1643 )February 11 February 14 –Georg von Derfflinger , field marshal in the army of Brandenburg-Prussia (b.1606 )February 18 – SirWilliam Phips , First royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b.1651 )February 24 –Johann Ambrosius Bach , German musician, father to Johann Sebastian Bach (b.1645 )March 4 –Philip Sherard , English politician (b.1623 )March 5 –Henry Wharton , English writer (b.1664 )March 6 –Everhard Jabach , German private banker (b.1618 )March 12 –Cristoval Royas de Spinola , Spanish bishop and diplomat (b.1626 )March 15 –Rutger von Langerfeld , Dutch painter and architect (b.1635 )March 23 –Adam Perelle , French draughtsman and painter (b.1640 )March 25 –Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł , margravine consort of Brandenburg (b.1667 )March 26 March 28 –William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry , British politician (b.1637 )March 30 –Anselm Franz von Ingelheim , Archbishop of Mainz (b.1634 )April 3 –Melchior d'Hondecoeter , painter and engraver from the Northern Netherlands (b.1636 )April 5 –George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax , English writer and statesman (b.1633 )April 6 –Richard Busby , English clergyman (b.1606 )April 12 –Jean-Baptiste Corneille , French historical painter, etcher, and engraver (b.1649 )April 13 April 15 April 17 April 20 –Georg Caspar Wecker , German composer (b.1632 )April 23 April 27 –John Trenchard , English politician (b.1649 )April 29 –Jan Karol Dolski , Polish-Lithuanian noble (b.1637 )April 30 –Ikegusuku Anken , sanshikan of Ryukyu (b.1635 )May 1 –Goeku Chōsei , sanshikan of Ryukyu (b.1621 )May 5 –Daniel Brevint , Jersey writer and clergyman (b.1616 )May 9 –Lambert van Haven , Danish-Norwegian architect (b.1630 )May 15 –Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne , Scottish peer (b.1643 )May 17 –Cornelis de Heem , Dutch painter (b.1631 )May 24 –Matsudaira Yorishige , daimyo of the early Edo period; 1st lord of Takamatsu (b.1622 )May 29 May 30 June 3 –Philip Aranda , Spanish Jesuit theologian (b.1642 )June 7 –Elias Rudolph Camerarius Sr. , German physician (b.1641 )June 11 –André Félibien ,French architect (b.1619 )June 15 –Jean Dieu de Saint-Jean , French painter (b.1654 )June 27 –Prince Christian of Denmark , Danish prince (b.1675 )June 29 –Sir Edward Wyndham, 2nd Baronet , politician (b.1667 )July 8 –Christiaan Huygens , Dutch mathematician and physicist who developed the wave theory of light (b.1629 )July 18 –Johannes Camphuys , Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1634 )July 23 –Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt , Titular Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (b.1673 )August 2 August 6 August 8 –Carel de Vogelaer , Dutch still life painter (b.1653 )August 9 –Paulus de Roo , Dutch colonial governor (b.1658 )August 12 –Huang Zongxi , Chinese political theorist, philosopher, writer, and soldier (b.1610 )August 19 August 20 –Giuseppe Francesco Borri , Italian alchemist, prophet and doctor (b.1627 )August 24 –Enkū , Japanese sculptor and monk (b.1632 )August 25 –John Waddon , English politician (b.1649 )September –Thomas Tew , English pirate September 2 –Giovanni Battista Gentile , Roman Catholic bishop (b.1658 )September 15 –Giacomo de Angelis , Catholic cardinal (b.1610 )September 17 –Henry Newcome , English nonconformist preacher (b.1627 )September 22 –George Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret , English baron (b.1667 )September 23 –Karl II von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn , Prince-Bishop of Olomouc (b.1623 )October 6 –Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow , last Administrator of Ratzeburg (b.1633 )October 10 –Tommaso de Rosa , Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (b.1621 )October 13 –Ephrem de Nevers , French missionary (b.1603 )October 16 –William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford , member of England's House of Lords (b.1626 )October 17 –Arthur Rawdon , Irish botanist and politician (b.1662 )October 19 –Johann Wilhelm Baier , German theologian (b.1647 )October 21 October 29 –Barrington Bourchier , Member of Parliament (b.1627 )November 3 –Charles Hutchinson , English politician (b.1636 )November 8 –Giovanni Paolo Colonna , Italian composer (b.1637 )November 10 –Charles Legardeur de Tilly (b.1616 )November 13 –William Byron, 3rd Baron Byron , British Baron (b.1636 )November 16 –Pierre Nicole ,French Jansensist (b.1625 )November 19 –Sir John Guise, 2nd Baronet , English Member of Parliament (b.1650 )November 20 –Zumbi , Brazilian leader of a runaway slave colony (b.1655 )November 21 –Henry Purcell ,English composer (b.1659 )November 22 – Francis Nurse, husband ofRebecca Nurse , (accused during theSalem Witch Trials of1692 ), (b.1618 )November 28 November 29 –James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair , Scottish lawyer and statesman (b.1619 )November 30 –Giacomo Cantelli , Italian cartographer (b.1643 )December 7 –Giuseppe Spinucci , Roman Catholic bishop (b.1617 )December 8 December 10 –Leonard Bilson , English Member of Parliament (b.1616 )December 12 –Jacob Abendana , Britishrabbi (b.1630 )December 14 –William Bond , Speaker of the Massachusetts Province House (b.1625 )December 15 –Richard Hampden , English politician; (b.1631 )December 16 –Thomas Boylston , American colonist doctor (b.1644 )December 17 –Caleb Carr , Rhode Island colonial governor (b.1624 )December 20 –David Pohle , German baroque composer (b.1624 )December 24 December 30 –Samuel Morland , British academic, diplomat and spy (b.1625 )^ Rif Winfield and Stephen S. Roberts,French Warships in the Age of Sail, 1626–1786 Design, Construction, Careers and Fates (Pen & Sword, 2017) p. 1694 ^ William G. Gates,Ships of the British Navy: A Record of Heroism, Victory and Disaster (W. H. Long, 1905) p. 120 ^ "Appendix G: Refusal of the House of Commons to Renew the Licensing Act (1695)",Dictionary of Literary and Dramatic Ccensorship in Tudor and Stuart England , by Dorothy Auchter (Greenwood Press, 2001) p. 389 ^ Alvin B. Kernan, "Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print" (Princeton University Press, 2021) p. 59 ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 198– 200.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^a b "Azov campaigns of 1695–1696",The Black Sea Encyclopedia (Springer Berlin, 2014) p. 71 ^ Yueren Xu; Honglin He; Qidong Deng; Mark B. Allen; Haoyue Sun; Lisi Bi (2018)."The CE 1303 Hongdong earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for magnitude limits of normal fault earthquakes" (PDF) .Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth .123 (4):3098– 3121.Bibcode :2018JGRB..123.3098X .doi :10.1002/2017JB014928 .S2CID 135046043 . ^ "Annular Eclipse of the Sun: 1695 June 11" .astro.ukho.gov.uk . RetrievedSeptember 27, 2022 .^a b c Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 287 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ "Peter I", by Robert Nisbet Bain, inThe Encyclopaedia Britannica , Eleventh Edition, Volumbe XXI (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p. 289 ^ "256 (Svenska folket genom tiderna / 5. Den karolinska tiden)" .runeberg.org (in Swedish). RetrievedAugust 31, 2024 .^ Love Dean,Lighthouses of the Florida Keys (Pineapple Press, 1998) p. 131 ^ J. J. Colledge and Ben Warlow,Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (Seaforth, 2021) p. 482 ^ "Total Eclipse of the Sun: 1695 December 06" .astro.ukho.gov.uk . RetrievedSeptember 27, 2022 .^ Eeghen, I. H. van (1961). "Buitenlandse manopolies van de Amstersamse kooplieden in de tweedee helft van de zeventiende eeuw".Jaarboek Amstelodamum .53 :176– 184. ^ D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Klinger, Patrick; Newfield, Timothy; Rydval, Miloš; Wilson, Rob (January 1, 2020). "Complexity in crisis: The volcanic cold pulse of the 1690s and the consequences of Scotland's failure to cope".Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research .389 .Bibcode :2020JVGR..38906746D .doi :10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106746 .ISSN 0377-0273 . ^ Wolke, Lars Ericson (January 22, 2015).Lasse i Gatan: Kaparkriget och det svenska stormaktsväldets fall ISBN 978-91-87031-94-6 
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