_Kaiser.png) Shape model ofKaiser from itslightcurve | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | H. van Gent |
| Discovery site | Johannesburg Obs. (Leiden Southern Station) |
| Discovery date | 29 September 1934 |
| Designations | |
| (1694) Kaiser | |
Named after | Frederik Kaiser(astronomer)[2] |
| 1934 SB · 1960 SD | |
| main-belt · (inner)[3] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 82.60 yr (30,168 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.0137AU |
| Perihelion | 1.7759 AU |
| 2.3948 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2584 |
| 3.71yr (1,354 days) | |
| 125.25° | |
| 0° 15m 57.24s / day | |
| Inclination | 11.103° |
| 13.421° | |
| 356.15° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 13.84±1.27 km[4] 15.678±0.175 km[5][6] 28.42 km(calculated)[3] |
| 9h[a] 13.02±0.01 h[7] 13.23±0.02 h[8] | |
| 0.057(assumed)[3] 0.1659±0.0088[5] 0.166±0.009[6] 0.241±0.046[4] | |
| B–V = 0.735[1] U–B = 0.415[1] Tholen = GC[1] · C[3] | |
| 11.46[1][3][4][5] | |
1694 Kaiser (prov. designation:1934 SB) is a carbonaceousbackground asteroid from the inner regions of theasteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 September 1934, by Dutch astronomerHendrik van Gent at Leiden Southern Station, annex to theJohannesburg Observatory in South Africa.[9] It is named for Dutch astronomerFrederik Kaiser.[2]
Kaiser is a non-family asteroid of the main belt'sbackground population when applying thehierarchical clustering method to itsproper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in theinner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,354 days). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.26 and aninclination of 11° with respect to theecliptic.of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3.71 years (1,354 days). Itseccentric orbit of 0.26 isinclined by 11 degrees towards the plane of theecliptic.[1]Kaiser'sobservation arc begins with its official discovery observation, as noprecoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.[9]
This asteroid was named in honor of Dutch astronomerFrederik Kaiser (1808–1872), the director of theLeiden Observatory from 1837 to 1872. He founded the new Leiden Observatory and stimulated Dutch astronomical research. Frederick Kaiser is also honored by thelunar andMartian cratersKaiser.[2] Originally, the asteroid was erroneously namedKapteyn (MPC 2822), and only later it was noticed that the Duch astronomerJacobus Kapteyn was already honored by the minor planet818 Kapteynia. The officialnaming citation was published by theMinor Planet Center on 15 July 1968 (M.P.C. 2883).[10]
On theTholen taxonomy, the carbonaceousC-type asteroid is classified as a rare GC-type, an intermediate to theG-type asteroids.[1]
According to the survey the JapaneseAkari satellite, and NASA'sWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequentNEOWISE mission,Kaiser measures 13.84 and 15.68 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has analbedo of 0.241 and 0.166, respectively.[4][5][6] TheCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 28.42 kilometers, with anabsolute magnitude of 11.46[3]
Two rotationallightcurves forKaiser were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomerBrian D. Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado(see video in§ External links). The lightcurves from January 2006 and November 2012, gave arotation period of 13.02 and 13.23 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.32 and 0.13magnitude, respectively (U=3/2+).[7][8]
