Calendar year
August 7 :Morean War : TheRepublic of Venice begins the bombardment the Ottoman Empire fortress on the island ofLefkada .May 18 : French Navy begins theBombardment of Genoa and destroys most of the city in 10 days.1684 (MDCLXXXIV ) was aleap year starting on Saturday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1684th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 84th year of the17th century , and the 5th year of the1680s decade. As of the start of 1684, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 5 January 15 (January 5 O.S.) – To demonstrate that theRiver Thames , frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December, is safe to walk upon, "a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager" and within three days "whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon."Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet , records the events in his diary.[ 3] January 26 –Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge of Venice.[ 4] January –Edmond Halley ,Christopher Wren andRobert Hooke have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived theinverse-square law , but also all the laws of planetary motion attributed to SirIsaac Newton .[ 5] [ 6] February 7 –Morocco retakes control of the city ofTangier from England, which had controlled the North African port since1661 .[ 7] Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.February 8 – PrinceDumitrașcu Cantacuzino returns to the throne of the principality ofMoldavia for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25. In 1859, Moldavia will unite with neighboringWallachia to form the Kingdom ofRomania .February 15 (February 5 O.S.) – TheGreat Frost in Britain, during which theRiver Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) out from land and which started the previous December, ends as the Thames begins to thaw.William Maitland later writes that the Frost, which started in December 1683, "congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city, as it were, was erected thereon; where by the great number of streets and shops, with their rich furniture, it represented a great fair, with a variety of carriages, and diversions of all sorts."[ 8] [ 9] Chipperfield's Circus dynasty began during the freeze, with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at theFrost Fair on the Thames in London.February 24 – A treaty is signed between European German colonists inBrandenburg-Prussia , and the African chiefs in what is nowGhana to permit the German colonists to build a second fort on theBrandenburger Gold Coast , and the fortress ofDorotheenschanze is built. The area is now the Ghanaian city ofAkwida .[ 10] March 5 –Pope Innocent XI forms aHoly League with theHabsburg Empire ,Venice and Poland, to endOttoman Turkish rule in Europe.[ 11] March 19 – In Japan, theTenna era ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of theTenna era and theJōkyō era begins as Japan's royal astronomer,Shibukawa Shunkai institutes theJōkyō calendar to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since859 AD, after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.[ 12] April 25 – TheMorean War begins as theRepublic of Venice declares war on theOttoman Empire for control of thePeloponnese area of Greece, a peninsula which includesCorinth andSparta and has been referred to by the Ottomans asMorea .May 18 – The French Navy beginsa 10-day bombardment of the Italian city ofGenoa in the course of theWar of the Reunions between France and theRepublic of Genoa . During the fight, the French fleet, commanded byAbraham Duquesne , fires almost 13,000 cannonballs, pausing only during a cease-fire on May 21 and May 22, and uses the new technology of explosive bombs. When the bombardment ends on May 28, two-thirds of the city has been destroyed or damaged.[ 13] June 7 – Aftera siege of six weeks that began on April 27,Luxembourg City is taken by the French Army from control by Spain, and theGrand Duchy of Luxembourg , previously part of theSpanish Netherlands (now Belgium) is acquired by France.June 27 –Francisco de Távora , the Viceroy ofPortuguese India , a small colony located in southwestern India atGoa , issues anorder prohibiting indigenous residents from speaking their native language ,Konkani , and directs them to learnPortuguese within the next three years.[ 14] October 7 – Japanese Chief MinisterHotta Masatoshi is assassinated, leaving ShōgunTokugawa Tsunayoshi without any adequate advisors, leading him to issue impracticaledicts and create hardships for the Japanese people.November 8 –James Renwick , a Scottish minister and one of the "Covenanters " challenging the attempt by Kings James VI and Charles I to take over churches in Scotland, posts his "Apologetical Declaration" on church doors and market crosses in and aroundCambusnethan ,Lanarkshire .[ 19] November 19 –Richard Keigwin , who had arrested theEast India Company 's Governor ofBombay in 1683,Josiah Child and had taken over as the unauthorized administrator of Bombay, turns control back to the company and its envoy, SirThomas Grantham , receiving a general pardon.[ 20] [ 21] December 10 –Isaac Newton 's derivation ofKepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paperDe motu corporum in gyrum Royal Society byEdmond Halley .[ 22] December 17 – TheTibet–Ladakh–Mughal War , which had been going on since 1679, ends with the signing of theTreaty at Tingmosgang between the 5th Dalai Lama (Desi Sangye Gyatso ) and KingDelek Namgyal ofLadakh . The Ladakh kingdom agrees to not invite foreign armies into the area (now part of the Indian union territory ofJammu and Kashmir ) in return for a respect for its sovereignty.Catherine I of Russia Jean-Antoine Watteau Edward Vernon January 1 –Arnold Drakenborch , Dutch classical scholar (d.1748 )[ 26] January 4 January 14 January 18 –Johann David Köhler , German historian (d.1755 )[ 31] January 23 –Christian Rantzau , Danish noble (d.1771 )[ 32] January 24 –Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg , regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (d.1737 )[ 33] February 16 –Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský , Czech composer (d.1742 )[ 34] February 19 –George Duckett , English Member of Parliament (d.1732 )[ 35] February 20 –Edward Bayly , Irish politician (d.1741 )[ 36] February 21 –Justus van Effen , Dutch author (d.1735 )[ 37] February 22 –Charles, Count of Armagnac , French noble (d.1751 )[ 38] February 24 –Matthias Braun , Czech sculptor (d.1738 )[ 39] March 2 –Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer , Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament (d.1719 )[ 40] March 19 –Jean Astruc , French physician and scholar (d.1766 )[ 41] March 21 –Oley Douglas , English Member of Parliament (d.1719 )[ 42] March 22 March 24 –Samuel von Schmettau , Prussian field marshal (d.1751 )March 28 –Tekle Haymanot I ,Emperor of Ethiopia (d.1708 )March 31 –Francesco Durante , Neapolitan composer (d.1755 )[ 45] April 2 –Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort , English noble (d.1714 )[ 46] April 10 –Joseph Paris Duverney , French banker (d.1770 )April 15 –Catherine I of Russia , empress consort (d.1727 )[ 47] April 25 –Marco Benefial , Italian painter (d.1764 )[ 48] May 2 –William Henry, Prince of Nassau-Usingen , Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1702–1718) (d.1718 )[ 49] May 5 –Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné , French noble (d.1739 )[ 50] May 23 –Hachisuka Muneteru , Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d.1743 )May 27 –Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg , Austrian field marshal (d.1774 )[ 51] May 31 June 4 –Louis Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen , German nobleman (d.1707 )June 6 –Nathaniel Lardner , English theologian (d.1768 )[ 54] June 15 –Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg , German noble (d.1749 )[ 55] June 22 –Francesco Manfredini , Italian Baroque composer (d.1762 )[ 56] July 3 –Jean-Baptiste Baudry , Canadian gunsmith (d.1755 )[ 57] August 22 –Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (d.1696 )August 24 –Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet , British politician (d.1746 )[ 58] August 30 –Marguerite de Launay, baronne de Staal , French author (d.1750 )[ 59] September 1 –Jaime Álvares Pereira de Melo, 3rd Duke of Cadaval , Portuguese noble and statesman (d.1749 )[ 60] September 17 September 18 –Johann Gottfried Walther , German music theorist, organist and composer (d.1748 )[ 62] September 22 –Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle , French general and statesman (d.1761 )[ 63] October 2 –Thomas Seaton , English religious writer (d.1741 )[ 64] October 8 – Karl Aigen, Austrian painter (d. 1762)October 9 –Christopher of Baden-Durlach , German prince (d.1723 )[ 65] October 10 –Jean-Antoine Watteau , French painter (d.1721 )[ 66] October 16 –Peter Walkden , English Presbyterian minister and diarist (d.1769 )[ 67] October 26 –Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin , PrussianGeneralfeldmarschall (d.1757 )[ 68] October 28 –Paul Alphéran de Bussan , French bishop (d.1757 )[ 69] November 1 –Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn , Russian admiral (d.1764 )November 11 –Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset , English noble (d.1750 )[ 70] November 12 –Edward Vernon , English admiral (d.1757 )November 16 –Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst , English noble (d.1775 )[ 71] November 25 –Paul-Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, duke of Saint-Aignan , French diplomat and soldier (d.1776 )[ 72] December 3 –Ludvig Holberg , Norwegian historian and writer (d.1754 )[ 73] December 9 –Abraham Vater , German anatomist (d.1751 )[ 74] December 14 –Siwart Haverkamp , Dutch classical scholar (d.1742 )December 15 December 16 –Samuel Clark of St Albans , English theologian (d.1750 )[ 77] December 21 –Ippolito Desideri , Italian Tibetologist (d.1733 )[ 78] December 31 –William Grimston, 1st Viscount Grimston , Irish noble (d.1756 )[ 79] Date unknown Pieter de Hooch Pierre Corneille Géraud de Cordemoy January 4 –Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy , French Bible translator (b.1613 )January 11 –Cornelis Speelman , Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1628 )[ 82] January 13 –Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk , English noble (b.1628 )[ 83] January 15 –Alvise Contarini , Doge of Venice (b.1601 )[ 84] January 21 –Queen Myeongseong , Korean royal consort (b.1642 )January 29 –Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly , French Jansenist nun (b.1624 )[ 85] February 6 –Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ , German Lutheran administrator (b.1620 )[ 86] February 11 –Sir Thomas Peyton, 2nd Baronet , English politician (b.1613 )[ 87] February 25 –Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland , English noblewoman (b.1617 )[ 88] March 24 April 3 –Marc Restout , French painter (b.1616 )April 5 April 6 –Domenico Maria Canuti , Italian Baroque painter (b.1625 )[ 92] April 12 –Nicola Amati , Cremonese violin-maker (b.1596 )[ 93] April 13 –Nicolás Antonio , Spanish bibliographer (b.1617 )[ 94] April 24 –Johann Olearius , German hymnwriter (b.1611 )May 4 –John Nevison , English highwayman (hanged) (b.1639 )May 10 –Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford , English noble (b.1615 )[ 95] May 12 –Edme Mariotte , French physicist and priest (b. c.1620 )[ 96] June 24 –Sir Edward Dering, 2nd Baronet , Irish politician (b.1625 )[ 97] July 6 –Peter Gunning , English royalist churchman (b.1614 )[ 98] July 12 –John Rogers , American President of Harvard University (b.1630 )[ 99] July 26 –Elena Cornaro Piscopia , Venetian philosopher of noble descent (b.1646 )[ 100] August 8 –George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer , English royalist politician, soldier and landowner (b.1622 )[ 101] August 20 –Maria d'Este , Italian noble (b.1644 )[ 102] September 9 –Jakob Thomasius , German philosopher (b.1622 )[ 103] October 1 –Pierre Corneille , French playwright (b.1606 )[ 104] October 11 –James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven , Anglo-Irish noble and soldier (b. c.1617 )[ 105] October 12 –William Croone , English physician, an original Fellow of the Royal Society (b.1633 )[ 106] October 15 October 24 –Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (b.1610 )[ 109] October 25 –Dud Dudley , English ironmaster (b.1600 ?)[ 110] November 20 November 23 –William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire , English noble (b.1617 )[ 113] December 10 –Sir Thomas Sclater, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1615 )[ 114] December 22 –Francis Hawley, 1st Baron Hawley , English politician (b.1608 )[ 115] date unknown –Alexandra Mavrokordatou , Greek intellectual, salonist (b.1605 )[ 116] ^ Poole, Gregory S. (January 1, 2010).The Japanese Professor: An Ethnography of a University Faculty ISBN 978-94-6091-166-8 . RetrievedApril 3, 2023 . ^ 湊御殿（夤賓閣）*の天文図を復元する (in Japanese) Retrieved 30 April 2023.^ Anne Emily Garnier Newdigate-Newdegate, ed.,Cavalier and Puritan in the Days of the Stuarts: Compiled from the Private Papers and Diary of Sir Richard Newdigate, Second Baronet, with Extracts from Ms. News-letters Addressed to Him Between 1675 and 1689 (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1901) p. 234 ^ Gullino, Giuseppe."GIUSTINIAN, Marcantonio" .www.treccani.it (in Italian). RetrievedMarch 28, 2023 . ^ Laurence Gardner,The Shadow of Solomon (HarperCollins, 2005) p. 64 ^ Margaret 'Espinasse,Robert Hooke (University of California Press, 1956) p. 75 ^ Elbl, Martin (December 27, 2013).Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton ISBN 978-0-921437-50-5 . 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