January 23 – TheTreaty of Ghilajharighat is signed inIndia between representatives of theMughal Empire and the independentAhom Kingdom (in what is now the Assam state), with the Mughals ending their occupation of the Ahom capital ofGarhgaon, in return for payment by Ahom in silver and gold for costs of the occupation, and KingSutamla of Ahom sending one of his daughters to be part of the harem of Mughal EmperorAurangzeb.
June 7 – Under the pretext of working out a treaty with Dutch settlers in the colony ofNew Netherland, theEsopus tribe of theDelaware people enter the fortress at Wiltwijck (now the U.S. city ofKingston, New York) and stage a surprise attack. Unbeknownst to the Wiltwijck residents, another group of Esopus warriors had destroyed the village of Nieu Dorp (nowHurley, New York) earlier in the day. The episode begins theSecond Esopus War.
June 8 – The Portuguese and some English auxiliaries defeat the Spanish Army in theBattle of Ameixial.
July 19 – Acting as intermediaries between the Dutch and Esopus war parties, a group of threeMohawk Indians obtain the release of the first four hostages who had been taken hostage in the Esopus attack on Wildwyck, two women and two children.[4]
August 15 –Oratam, leader of theHackensack tribe of theLenape nation, meets inNew Amsterdam (now New York City) with Weswatewchy, Memshe and Wemessamy, three chiefs of theMonsiyok tribe, to ask for the Hackensacks to supply a cannon to defend their fort, and to confirm that the Monsiyok are not allied with the other major division of the Lenape, theEsopus tribe.[5]
August 28 – In an unseasonably cold summer, severe frost hitsEngland.
1663 flag of Sweden
September 5 – Dutch Captain Martin Kregier and Lieutenant Couwenhoven lead an attack against the Esopus Indians from the right and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. In the battle, near what is nowMamakating, New York, Chief Papequanaehen and 14 other Esopus warriors are killed, along with seven civilians; three Dutch soldiers are killed, but 23 Dutch prisoners are rescued.[4]
TheGloucester County Conspiracy, the firstslave rebellion in British North America, is foiled after one of the plotters, John Birkenhead, reveals the plan of African slaves and English indentured servants to kill their masters. Birkenhead is freed by his master as a reward for betraying the rebels.
After asiege of more than a month, the Hungarian fortress atÉrsekújvár (nowNové Zámky inSlovakia) surrenders to theOttoman Empire. In accordance with the treaty of surrender negotiated by the Hungarian commander, CountÁdám Forgách, the European residents are allowed free passage to Austria, and the Ottoman Grand Vizier,Fazil Ahmed Pasha provides a document certifying that the fort's defenders fought bravely.
October 12 – TheFarnley Wood Plot, a conspiracy in the English county ofWest Yorkshire to overthrow the recently-restored monarchy and to return to the military rule that had been established by the late Oliver Cromwell, fails when only 26 men gather atFarnley. The group is arrested and 21 of the rebels are later executed for treason.
October 16 – With 2,000 men under his command,Petar Zrinski, theViceroy ofCroatia within the Holy Roman Empire, defeats a much larger force of 8,000 Ottoman soldiers in theBattle at Jurjeve Stijene, near the modern town ofOtočac. The Croatians lose 10 soldiers killed; the Ottoman invasion force suffers over 1,500 deaths.
November 6 – The Kingdom of Sweden adopts a law creating the flag in use in the nation now, a yellowNordic cross on a blue background. The original version, used as a state flag and on ships, had three pennants.[7]
November 24 – The General Court of Commissioners for Rhode Island and Providence Plantations convenes for the final time, meeting inNewport to formally receive the Rhode Island Royal Charter issued on July 8 by King Charles II.
December 12 – TheDutch Republic prohibits practice of the common law custom ofjus naufragii, the doctrine that permitted people to seize property that had washed ashore on their land after a shipwreck.
^David Marley,Pirates of the Americas (ABC-CLIO, 2010), p. 299
^Leupe, Pieter Arend Leupe (1868). "De eilanden Dina en Maerseveen in den Zuider Atlantischen Oceaan" in:Verhandelingen en berigten betrekkelijk het zeewezen, de zeevaartkunde, de hydrographie, de koloniën en de daarmede in verband staande wetenschappen, Deel 28, Afd. 2, [no.] 9 (Amsterdam) pp. 242-253.
^"The Minisink Settlements: Native American Identity", by Robert S. Grumet, inThe People of Minisink: Papers from the 1989 Delaware Water Gap Symposium, ed. by David G. Orr and Douglas V. Compana (National Park Service, 1991) p. 184
^Stratton, J. M. (1969).Agricultural Records. John Baker.ISBN0-212-97022-4.
^Svante Svärdström,Rikets vapen och flagga (The coat of arms and flag of the kingdom (Swedish Royal Armory, 1960) pp. 23-48
