Calendar year
April 7 : TheSiege of Fort Zeelandia , theDutch East India Company 's capital of what is nowTaiwan , is started by thousands of troops from Mainland China commanded by GeneralKoxinga .March 9 : The death ofCardinal Mazarin clears the way for the rule of King Louis XIV in France.January 30 : The posthumous execution ofOliver Cromwell is carried out more than two years after his death.1661 (MDCLXI ) was acommon year starting on Saturday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1661st year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 61st year of the17th century , and the 2nd year of the1660s decade. As of the start of 1661, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 6 – TheFifth Monarchists , led byThomas Venner , unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London;George Monck 'sregiment defeats them.January 29 – TheRokeby baronets , aBritish nobility title is created.[ 1] January 30 – The body ofOliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to aposthumous execution in London, along with those ofJohn Bradshaw andHenry Ireton .February 5 – TheShunzhi Emperor of the ChineseQing Dynasty dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son theKangxi Emperor .February 7 –Shah Shuja , who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brotherAurangzeb , then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence atArakan .[ 2] February 14 –George Monck ’s regiment becomesThe Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards in England (which later becomes theColdstream Guards ).March 9 – Following the death of his mentor,Cardinal Jules Mazarin , who had been Minister of State since before the birth of KingLouis XIV , King Louis, now 22, starts to rule independently without need for a regent.March 23 – GeneralZheng Chenggong of China, known as "Koxinga" leads an invasion of the island ofTaiwan , at the time under the control of theDutch East India Company (VOC), bringing 25,000 soldiers and sailors on hundreds of boats to claim the territory.April 7 – Thesiege of Fort Zeelandia , theDutch East India Company (VOC) headquarters on the Chinese island ofTaiwan (near modernTaoyuan City ) is started by Koxinga and his invading force from China.[ 3] April 23 (May 3 N.S.) – KingCharles II of England ,Scotland , andIreland is crowned inWestminster Abbey .[ 4] May 8 – The "Cavalier Parliament ", the longest serving Parliament in British history, is opened following the first parliamentary elections since the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The first session of the House of Commons and the House of Lords lasts until June 30 and then reopens on November 20. The Cavalier Parliament continues meeting, without new elections, until being dissolved on January 24,1679 .May 11 – The Indian city and territory ofBombay is ceded by Portugal to England in accordance with thedowry of King Joao IV of Portugal for the marriage of his daughter Catherine to King Charles II of England.May 17 – Leaders of theindigenous Taiwanese villages in the plains and mountains of the Dutch-ruled island begin surrendering to the Chinese forces led byKoxinga and agreeing to hunt down and execute Dutch people on the island.[ 5] May 27 – TheMarquess of Argyll , one of the first of the Scottish-born people sentenced to death as aregicide for his role in the conviction and execution of King Charles I of England and Scotland in 1649, is beheaded at the Tolbooth Prison inEdinburgh using the "Scottish Maiden ," almost immediately after his conviction of collaboration with the government ofOliver Cromwell . His head is then placed on a spike outside the prison.June 1 – At Edinburgh, the public execution of Presbyterian ministerJames Guthrie , followed by CaptainWilliam Govan , takes place at theMercat Cross at Parliament Square, days after both have been convicted of treason for their roles in the execution of King Charles I. The heads are severed from the corpses and displayed on spikes in the square.June 3 –Pye Min , younger brother of KingPindale Min ofBurma , leads a bloody coup d'etat and ascends the throne. Pindale Min and his family (including his primary wife, a son and a grandson) are drowned in theChindwin River .[ 6] June 14 – GeneralZheng Chenggong of China takes control of most of the island ofTaiwan from the Dutch East India Company and proclaims theKingdom of Tungning , with himself as the ruler.June 23 – The "Marriage Treaty " is signed between representatives of KingCharles II of England and KingJoão IV of Portugal , providing a military alliance between the two kingdoms and a marriage between Charles of theHouse of Stuart and João's daughter Catherine of theHouse of Braganza on May 21, 1662. The treaty also sets the transfer of Portuguese territory in India (atBombay ) and in North Africa (Tangier ) to England as well as military aid from England to Portugal.June 28 – The innovativeLincoln's Inn Fields Theatre opens in London with the first system for interchangeable scenery on a stage in the British Isles, and a production ofWilliam Davenant 's operaThe Siege of Rhodes July 1 – Thewar between the empires of Russia and Sweden is ended with the signing of theTreaty of Cardis in what is now theEstonian city ofKärde . Russia returns those portions ofLivonia andIngria that it had taken earlier fromSweden .August 6 –Portugal and theDutch Republic sign theTreaty of The Hague , whereby the Dutch Republic's South American colony ofNieuw-Holland is sold to Portugal for the equivalent of roughly 63,000 kilograms (139,000 lb) of gold, and incorporated intoBrazil . The territory includes much of what will later become the Brazilian states ofCeará ,Maranhão ,Paraíba ,Pernambuco andRio Grande do Norte . Among the major Dutch settlements lost are Mauritsstad (Recife ), Fort Schoonenborch (Fortaleza ), Nieuw-Amsterdam (Natal ), and Frederikstadt (João Pessoa ).September 5 –Nicolas Fouquet , theSuperintendent of Finances forFrance , is arrested inNantes and charged with embezzlement of the state treasury. Spared the death penalty by a jury, Fouquet spends the rest of his life in prison until his death in 1680.October 6 –Guru Har Krishan becomes eighth of the tenSikh gurus , and at age 5 the youngest, following the death of his fatherGuru Har Rai .[ 7] October 31 –Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha is appointed as the newGrand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire at the request of his late father, the Grand VizierKöprülü Mehmed Pasha , serving under the SultanMehmed IV for 15 years and continuing theKöprülü family dynasty whose members will serve as Viziers until 1711.November 4 – Polish and Lithuanian forces, led byKing Jan II Kazimierz (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) defeat the Russian Army at theBattle of Kushliki .December 14 – PrinceMurad Bakhsh , younger brother of the Mughal EmperorAurangzeb , is executed at Gwailor Fort on order of his brother.December 16 –Abraham Cowley 's comedyThe Cutter of Coleman Street Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse inLondon as a production of theDuke's Company .December 21 – GeneralWu Sangui ofChina arrives in Burma with 20,000 troops and demands that the Burmese surrenderYongli , the last of theMing dynasty rulers of Southern China before theQing dynasty consolidated its rule. Burma's KingPye Min hands Yongli over to General Wu on January 15, and Yongli is subsequently executed.December 24 – The Indian city ofQuilon (now Kollam in theKerala state), ruled by Portugal since1498 , is captured by the Dutch East India Company.Charles II of Spain Christopher Polhem January 15 –James Barry , Irish politician (d.1725 )January 21 –Peter Le Neve , English herald and antiquary (d.1729 )January 22 –Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville , French politician (d.1728 )January 25 –Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten , German general (d.1728 )January 25 –Antonio I, Prince of Monaco , Monegasque prince (d.1731 )January 30 –Charles Rollin , French historian (d.1741 )February 12 –Daniel d'Auger de Subercase , French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland (d.1732 )February 20 –William Digby, 5th Baron Digby , English politician, baron (d.1752 )February 24 –Alexandre-François Desportes , French painter (d.1743 )February 25 –Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex , English Countess (d.1721 )February 28 –Tripo Kokolja , Venetian painter (d.1713 )March 19 –Francesco Gasparini , Italian composer and teacher (d.1727 )March 25 –Paul de Rapin , French historian (d.1725 )April 11 –Antoine Coypel , French painter (d.1722 )April 13 –Jacques L'enfant , French Protestant pastor (d.1728 )April 14 –Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet , Irish politician (d.1733 )April 16 –Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax , English poet and statesman (d.1715 )April 21 –Georg Joseph Kamel , Jesuit missionary and botanist (d.1706 )April 23 –Issachar Berend Lehmann , German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (d.1730 )April 30 –Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (d.1685 )May 3 –Antonio Vallisneri , Italian scientist (d.1730 )May 7 May 25 –Claude Buffier , French philosopher and historian (d.1737 )June 1 June 6 –Giacomo Antonio Perti , Italian composer (d.1756 )June 9 – TsarFeodor III of Russia (d.1682 )[ 9] June 24 –Hachisuka Tsunanori , Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d.1730 )July 7 –Henri, Duke of Elbeuf , member of the House of Lorraine (d.1748 )July 11 –Charles, Prince of Commercy , French field marshal (d.1702 )July 15 –Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville , French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d.1706 )July 29 –Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach , German prince (d.1708 )July 31 –Ignaz Agricola , German historian (d.1729 )August 8 –Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg , German aristocrat and general (d.1747 )August 11 –William Churchill , English politician (d.1737 )August 15 – KingSukjong of Joseon (d.1720 )August 22 –Joseph Sheffield , Colonial Rhode Island Attorney General (d.1706 )August 31 September 2 September 7 –Gunno Dahlstierna , Swedish poet (d.1709 )September 23 –Christiana Oxenstierna , Swedish noble (d.1701 )September 28 –Mehr-un-Nissa , daughter of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his concubine Aurangabadi Mahal (d.1706 )October 1 –Sir Matthew Dudley, 2nd Baronet , English Member of Parliament (d.1721 )October 4 –Jean-Paul Le Gardeur , French explorer, New France soldier (d.1738 )October 6 –William Dunbar , Scottish bishop (d.1746 )October 11 –Melchior de Polignac , French diplomat and cardinal (d.1742 )October 22 –Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , English noblewoman, fourth of six children of Henry Cavendish (d.1717 )October 27 –Fyodor Apraksin , Russian admiral (d.1728 )November 1 November 4 –Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d.1742 )November 6 – KingCharles II of Spain (d.1700 )[ 11] November 13 –Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz , consort of Duke Christian II of Saxe-Merseburg (d.1720 )November 15 –Christoph von Graffenried , Swiss settler in America (d.1743 )November 15 –Henri, Count of Brionne , French noble (d.1713 )November 18 –Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel , daughter of William VI (d.1683 )November 28 –Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach , German noblewomen (d.1705 )November 28 –Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon , British Governor of New York and New Jersey (d.1723 )December 3 –Nathaniel Gould , English politician (d.1728 )December 5 –Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer , English statesman (d.1724 )December 8 –Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth , Scottish Jacobite nobleman (d.1701 )December 18 –Christopher Polhem , Swedish scientist and inventor (d.1751 )date unknown –Rijkuo-Maja , Sámi noaidi (d.1757 )Martino Martini Köprülü Mehmed Pasha January 19 –Thomas Venner , English Fifth Monarchist (executed)[ 12] January 25 –John Hele , English politician (b.1626 )January 29 –Bartolomeo Gennari , Italian painter (b.1594 )February 2 –Lucas Holstenius , German humanist (b.1596 )February 5 –Shunzhi Emperor of China (b.1638 )February 7 –Shah Shuja , second son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (b.1616 )March 1 –Richard Zouch , English jurist (b.1590 )March 9 –Cardinal Mazarin , French cardinal and statesman (b.1602 )March 23 –Pieter de Molijn , Dutch painter (b.1595 )April 4 –Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven , Scottish soldier(b. c.1580 )April 5 –John Webster , colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (b.1590 )April 7 –William Brereton , English soldier and politician (b.1604 )April 11 – LadyMary Bankes , English defender of Corfe Castle (b.1598 )April 19 –Joachim Gersdorff , Danish politician (b.1611 )May 5 –Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (b.1660 )May 27 –Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll , Scottish dissenter (beheaded) (b.1607 )June 3 –Gottfried Scheidt , German composer (b.1593 )June 6 –Martino Martini , Italian Jesuit missionary (b.1614 )June 11 –George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1626–1661) (b.1605 )June 13 –Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth , English politician (b.1595 )June 21 –Andrea Sacchi , Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (b.1599 )July 7 –Adriaan Heereboord , Dutch philosopher (b.1613 )July 9 –Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b.1616 )July 17 –Alonso Perez de Leon , Spanish conquistador, explorer, man of letters (b.1608 )August 6 –Marie Angélique Arnauld , French abbess of theAbbey of Port-Royal (b.1591 )August 7 August 16 –Thomas Fuller , English churchman and historian (b.1608 )August 18 –Robert Gordon of Straloch , Scottish cartographer (b.1580 )August 23 –Tokugawa Yorifusa , Japanese nobleman (b.1603 )September 7 –James Livingstone, 1st Viscount Kilsyth of Scotland (b.1616 )September 8 –Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden , English baron (b.1588 )September 11 –Jan Fyt , Flemish Baroque painter (b.1611 )October 4 –Jacqueline Pascal , French child prodigy, sister ofBlaise Pascal (b.1625 )October 6 –Guru Har Rai , Sikh guru (b.1630 )October 9 –Sir John Norwich, 1st Baronet , English Member of Parliament (b.1613 )October 15 –Jean de La Haye , French preacher and biblical scholar (b.1593 )October 25 –Lucas de Wael , Flemish painter (b.1591 )October 28 October 31 –Köprülü Mehmed Pasha , Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. c.1575 )November 1 –Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias , heir apparent to the Spanish throne (b.1657 )November 2 –Daniel Seghers , Flemish Jesuit brother and painter (b.1590 )November 10 –Bernardino Spada , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1594 )November 11 –David Ryckaert III , Flemish painter (b.1612 )November 19 December 7 –Ariana Nozeman , Dutch actress (b. ca.1627 )December 10 –Ottaviano Jannella , Italian sculptor (b.1635 )December 14 –Murad Bakhsh ,Mughal prince (b.1624 )December 22 –Hoshina Masasada , Japanese daimyō (b.1588 )December 29 –Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant , French poet (b.1594 )date unknown –Jacomina de Witte , politically influential Dutch woman (b.1582 )^ "Leigh Rayment's list of baronets" . Archived fromthe original on October 21, 2019.^ D. G. E. Hall,History of South East Asia (The Macmillan Press, 1955) p. 422 ^ Andrade, Tonio (2008),"Chapter 11: The Fall of Dutch Taiwan" ,How Taiwan Became Chinese : Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century ISBN 9780231128551 ^ Price, Curtis (1995).Purcell studies . Cambridge England New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 245.ISBN 9780521441742 ^ Hsin-hui Chiu,The Colonial 'civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662 (BRILL, 2008) p. 222 ^ Damrong Rajanubhab ,Our Wars With the Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539–1767 (1914, reprinted White Lotus Co. Ltd., 2001)^ Mohindar Pal Kohli (1992).Guru Tegh Bahadur: Testimony of Conscience 12– 13.ISBN 978-81-7201-234-2 ^ Wang, Rigen (2000)."元明清政府海洋政策与东南沿海港市的兴衰嬗变片论" (PDF) .The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History (in Chinese (China)) (2):1– 7. ^ Burke's Royal Families of the World . Burke's Peerage. 1977. p. 467.^ Fuhring, Peter; Marchesano, Louis; Mathis, Remi; Selbach, Vanessa (June 18, 2015).A Kingdom of Images: French Prints in the Age of Louis XIV, 1660–1715 ISBN 978-1-60606-450-4 ^ Brown, Jonathan (1998).Painting in Spain : 1500-1700 . New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 233.ISBN 9780300064742 ^ "Thomas Venner" .www.britishmuseum.org . RetrievedNovember 20, 2022 .
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