February 18 – A group of Protestant English settlers in Ireland surrender to Irish authorities atCastlebar inCounty Mayo in hopes of having their lives spared, but are killed one week later atShrule on orders of Edmond Bourke.
May 1 – Honours and titles granted by Charles I of England from this date onward will in 1646 be retrospectivelyannulled by Parliament.
May 10 – In a Catholic synod atKilkenny, bishops draft theConfederate Oath of Association, calling on Catholics to swear allegiance to King Charles I and to obey orders and decrees made by a "Supreme Council of the Confederate Catholics", hence the Irish rebels of 1641 become known asConfederate Ireland.[5]
May 17 – Ville-Marie (laterMontreal) is founded as a permanent settlement.
June 1 – "Nineteen Propositions" are sent by the English House of Lords and House of Commons toCharles I, asking the King to consent to parliamentary approval for the members of his privy council, his chief officers, and new seats created for the House of Lords, as well as regulating the education and choice of marital partners of the King's children, and barring Roman Catholics from the Lords.[6] The King's Answer, rejecting the Propositions, is read in Parliament on June 21.[7]
July 2 – Hundreds of sailors are killed when the French warshipGalion de Guise and the Spanish galleyMagdalena become entangled during theBattle of Barcelona. A Frenchfireship attempts to burn theMagdalena and accidentally sets fire to theGalion de Guise, killing 500 of the 540 crew.[9]
July 10 – In a prelude to theFirst English Civil War, KingCharles I of Englandbesieges Hull in an attempt to gain control of its arsenal. The siege lasts until July 27, with Charles's Royalist Army failing to take the city from the Parliamentarians commanded by Governor John Hotham and General John Meldrum.
July 12 – The English Parliament votes to raise its own Army, under the command of the Earl of Essex.
August 3 – A Dutch Navy fleet of 14 warships, led by Hendric Harouse, begins a campaign to drive Spaniards from the island of Formosa (modern-dayTaiwan) off of the coast of mainland China. After disembarking at Tamsui, the Dutch begin a siege of Fort Domingo, which falls on Saint Bartolomeo Day (August 24).[11]
September 23 – First English Civil War: Royalist victory at theBattle of Powick Bridge, a skirmish near Worcester which is the first engagement between elements of the principal field armies of the War.[13]
November 13 – First English Civil War:Battle of Turnham Green – The Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army, and fail to take London.
November 15 – First English Civil War: SirEdward Ford, High Sheriff of Sussex, capturesChichester from the Parliamentarians without resistance. The Parliamentarians send SirWilliam Waller to recapture the city.[15]
November 24 –Abel Tasman and his crew become the first Europeans to discover "Van Diemen's Land", later the Australian island and state ofTasmania, and the island is claimed for the Netherlands on December 3 at what becomes Prince of Wales Bay.[16]
December 13 –Abel Tasman and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to sightNew Zealand, arriving at its South Island. In a battle between the Europeans and the Island'sMaori inhabitants, four crew members are killed.
December 21 –First English Civil War: After routing Edward Ford's royalist troops at theBattle of Muster Green, William Waller follows Ford's retreating force to Chichester as the Parliamentarians besiege the city, which falls on December 29 after eight days. The inhabitants of Chichester agree to pay the Parliamentarians an additional month's pay to prevent the town from being plundered.[18]
The village of Bro (Broo),Sweden is granted city rights for the second time and takes the nameKristinehamn (literally "Christina's port") after the Swedish monarch at this time,Queen Christina.
Rembrandt finishes his paintingThe Night Watch (Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq) inAmsterdam.
^Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859).A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 369–372.coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
^"Committee of Safety", inThe Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660, by Stephen C. Manganiello (Scarecrow Press, 2004) p.125
^James W. Davidson,The Island of Formosa: Historical View from 1430 to 1900 (Macmillian, 1903) p.22
^Samaha, Joel (March 7, 2007). "Chapter 2".Criminal Law (Ninth ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 60.ISBN978-0-495-09539-2.
^abPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 178–179.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
^John W. Dardess,Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire (Rowman & Littlefield, 2012) p. 132.
^John Grehan and Martin Mace,Battleground Sussex: A Military History of Sussex from the Iron Age to the Present Day (Pen & Sword, 2012) pp. 86-87
^"Tasman, Abel", by Carl Waldman, inBiographical Dictionary of Explorers, ed. by Alan Wexler and Jon Cunningham (Infobase Publishing, 2019) p. 798
^"Abatai", by L. Carrington Goodrich, inEminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, 1644-1912, by Arthur W. Hummel (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943) pp. 3-4
^James Dallaway,A History of the Western Division of the County of Sussex (T. Bensley, 1815) pp.13-14
^Greene, David (1985).Greene's biographical encyclopedia of composers. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. p. 154.ISBN9780385142786.
^Brackenridge, J (1995).The key to Newton's dynamics: the Kepler problem and the Principia: containing an English translation of sections 1, 2, and 3 of book one from the first (1687) edition of Newton's Mathematical principles of natural philosophy. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 40.ISBN9780520916852.
^Scheck, Florian (1999).Mechanics: from Newton's laws to deterministic chaos. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 517.ISBN9783540655589.
^Shuckburgh, Evelyn (2015).Two biographies of William Bedell: with a selection of his letters and an unpublished treatise. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xi.ISBN9781107463905.
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