January 21 –Robert Nutter,Thomas Worthington, and 18 other Roman Catholic priests are "perpetually banished" from England by order of Queen Elizabeth, placed on the shipMary Martin of Colchester, and transported to France.[1]
February 21 –King Johan III of Sweden, widowed since 1583, marriesGunilla Bielke in a ceremony atVästerås, which the King's siblings refuse to attend.[3] The coronation of Queen consort Gunilla takes place the next day. Over the next seven years, she works on changing the Catholic government's attitude towards Protestants.
April 10 –Pope Gregory XIII, known for promulgating theGregorian calendar within the Roman Catholic nations of the world in1582, dies after a reign of almost 13 years. A papal conclave is convened 11 days later to elect a successor.
June 11 – The 9.2 magnitudeAleutian Islands earthquake unleashes a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean, killing many people in Hawaii and reportedly striking Japan.[9]
July 29 – Aboard the English shipTiger, Roanoke expedition leader Ralph Lane negotiates an agreement with the Secotan people, who are represented by Granganimeo, the brother of the Secotan leader, King Wingino. Although the Secotans grant Lane's request to allow the English to live on Roanoke Island, he is told that they will receive no assistance from the natives, because of problems the previous year withWalter Raleigh.[12]
Antwerp, now inBelgium, iscaptured by Spanish forces commanded by the Duke of Parma. The Duke orders all Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades theScheldt River, preventing any and all ships from reaching Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominentlyAmsterdam.
The Roanoke colonists complete their construction of a fort under the direction ofRalph Lane to make the first permanent English settlement in North America.[12]
September 11 – In the Ottoman Empire, the rebellion ofAn-Nasir al-Hasan bin Ali in Yemen is ended when An-Nasir is betrayed and turned over to the Turkish Ottoman governor.[15] An-Nasir spends one year in prison inSanaa and then brought to Turkey.
September 15 – English Catholic priestJohn Adams is banished from England along with 72 other Catholic priests, and transported by ship toBoulogne in France.[16]
October 15 – InArnhem in the Netherlands, thesiege of IJsseloord is completed after nine days as English and Dutch forces recapture the city from Spanish occupiers.[17]
^Robert W. Stookey,Yemen; The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic (Boulder Press, 1978) p.141
^"Venerable John Adams", by John Bannerman Wainewright, inLives of the English Martyrs, ed. by Edwin H. Burton and J. H. Pollen (Longmans, Green and Co., 1914)
^J.D. Tracey,The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588 (Oxford University Press, 2008) p.22
^"Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga", by María Vicens Hualde, inDiccionario Biografica de España (Real Academia de la Historia, 2001)
^Gülru Necipoğlu,The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire (Reaktion Books, 2005) p.403
^Ḥaydar Malik Chādūrah,History of Kashmir (Bhavna Prakashan, 1991) p. 187
